Two new species of genus Oecleopsis Emeljanov from China, with descriptions of female genitalia of five species (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Cixiidae)

Abstract Two new species of genus Oecleopsis Emeljanov, 1971, O. laminatus Zhi & Chen, sp. n. and O. productus Zhi & Chen, sp. n., and a new record, O. yoshikawai (Ishihara, 1961), are described and illustrated from China. Female genitalia of five species within this genus are compared morphologically: O. laminatus Zhi & Chen, sp. n., O. mori (Matsumura, 1914), O. productus Zhi & Chen, sp. n., O. sinicus (Jacobi, 1944) and O. yoshikawai (Ishihara, 1961). A key to five Chinese species based on female genitalia, and a key to all known species of Oecleopsis based on male genitalia, are provided.

Herein, two new species: Oecleopsis laminatus Zhi & Chen, sp. n. and O. productus Zhi & Chen, sp. n. are described and illustrated from China (Yunnan province), and O. yoshikawai (Ishihara, 1961) (Fennah 1956;Tsaur et al. 1988;Van Stalle 1991;Guo et al. 2009). These characters of external genitalia are not effective to distinguish among species of Oecleopsis. Zhi et al. (2017) discussed external and internal structures of female genitalia in cixiid planthoppers and found that the characteristics of posterior vaginal walls can be considered as key diagnostic features for female identification in genus Neocarpia. Using the characters of posterior vagina in species identification is also practicable in genus Oecleopsis by comparing female genital morphological features of five species (other species are not included, as we do not have the female specimens): Oecleopsis laminatus, O. mori, O. productus, O. sinicus and O. yoshikawai. A key to five Chinese species based on female genitalia, and a key to all known species of Oecleopsis based on male genitalia, are provided.

Materials and methods
The morphological terminology and measurements follow Tsaur et al. (1988), Bourgoin et al. (2015) and Van Stalle (1991). The morphological terminology of female genitalia follows Bourgoin (1993). Body length was measured from apex of vertex to tip of forewing; vertex length was measured the median length of vertex (from apical transverse carina to tip of basal emargination). External morphology and drawings were done with the aid of a Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope. Photographs of female genitalia were taken with Nikon SMZ25 and other photographs with KEY-ENCE VHX-1000 system. Illustrations were scanned with CanoScan LiDE 200 and imported into Adobe Photoshop CS7 for labeling and plate composition. The dissected male genitalia are preserved in glycerine in small plastic tubes pinned together with the specimens.
The type specimens examined are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, China (GUGC).
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 12-13) dorsal margin concave and U-shaped ventrally, widened towards apex; in lateral view, lateral lobes triangularly extended caudally. Medioventral process triangular ventrally. Anal segment (Figs 12, 14-15) tubular, asymmetrical, widened towards apex in left side view; in right side view, left ventral margin convex and right ventral margin excavated near apex; 1.9 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style fingerlike, beyond anal segment. Genital styles illustrated in Fig. 16. Aedeagus  in total with four processes. Spinose process on right side near apex of periandrium long, directed right side, more than 1/2 length of periandrium. Flagellum terminating into a bifurcate process, asymmetrical; left side near apex of flagellum with a large laminal process, apex transversal and directed left side.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 26-27), dorsal margin concave and U-shaped ventrally, widened towards apex; in lateral view, lateral lobes triangularly extended caudally. Medioventral process narrowly triangular ventrally. Anal segment (Figs 26,(28)(29) tubular, asymmetrical, widened towards apex in left side view; in right side view, left ventral margin convex and right ventral margin excavated near apex; 1.8 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style fingerlike, beyond anal segment. Genital styles il-  Fig. 30. Aedeagus  in total with five processes. Spinose process on right side near apex of periandrium long, directed right-dorsocephalically, more than 1/2 of periandrium in length; left side near apex of periandrium with a short reversed spinose process, curving slightly, directed dorsocaudally. Flagellum tapering, apex curved in a semi-circle; a long spinose process arising from dorsal margin, reaching to basal margin of periandrium, curving right side, directed ventrocephalically; left side with a short triangular process, directed ventrocephalically.
Female genitalia. Genitalia as shown in Fig. 57 ventrally. Anal tube (Fig. 58) 1.9 times longer than wide in dorsal view. Posterior vagina (Figs 59-60) elongate, with a long longitudinal sclerite dorsally, large. In ventral view, left side with a long longitudinal sclerite, semi-sclerotized, right side with a large median constricted sclerite, which with a process, the process directed left-ventrally and longer than shown in the figure.
Distribution. China (Yunnan). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin productus, referring to the dorsal margin of flagellum with a long process.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 40-41), dorsal margin concave and U-shaped ventrally, widened towards apex; in lateral view, lateral lobes triangularly extended caudally, apex round. Medioventral process triangular ventrally, short. Anal segment (Figs 40,(42)(43) tubular, asymmetrical, widened towards apex in left side view; in right side view, left ventral margin convex and right ventral margin excavated near apex; 2.0 times longer than wide in dorsal view; anal style fingerlike, beyond anal segment. Genital styles illustrated in Fig. 44. Aedeagus  in total with five processes. Spinose process on right side near apex of periandrium long, basal part curving upward and distal part parallel to periandrium, directed towards cephalum, more than 1/2 of periandrium in length; left side near apex of periandrium with a short spinose process, curved and directed dorsocaudally. Flagellum bearing three spinose processes: the upper one originating the middle of flagellum, apex curved strongly and directed right side; the apical one curved rightventrocephalically; the one on left side shortest, curved strongly and directed ventrally.
Female genitalia. Genitalia as shown in Fig. 65 ventrally. Anal tube (Fig. 66) 1.8 times longer than wide in dorsal view. Posterior vagina (Figs 67-68) elongate, with a long longitudinal sclerite dorsally. In ventral view, left side with a long longitudinal sclerite, curved, towards the right; right side with a longitudinal sclerite basally, which with a process, the process directed left-ventrally and longer than shown in the figure; terminal area with an irregular sclerite, which forming three projecting oblong structures.

Distributions. China (Guizhou), Thailand.
Note. This species is recorded from China for the first time and the female genitalia of this species is described and illustrated for the first time.