Corresponding author: Wenbin Liu (
Academic editor: F.L. da Silva
The genus
Yan C, Liu T, Cao W, Zhao G, Liu W (2018) A review of the Japanese
Eight
In this paper, the genus
A large amount of material composed of adult males belonging to the genus
Abbreviations used in text as follows:
China. ♂ (No. 05227) Fujian Province, Longyan City, Shanghang county, 3.v.1993, light trap, X. Wang. The type specimen of
Thorax yellowish brown with white stripes; anal point parallel-sided, slender; anal tergite bands “V”-shaped, not fused in the middle; superior volsella crescent-like; inferior volsella tuberculate with two small protuberances, bearing two strong apical setae, free of microtrichia.
China (Fujian Province); Russian Far East; Japan; Europe.
The holotype specimen of
Japan. The type specimen of
Japan; Russian Far East.
According to
Japan; Indonesia.
Japan. Holotype, ♂ (No. 321: 37), at the side of a stream discharging water (the Kurobe Municipal Sewage Treatment Plant (Kurobe Joka Center)), in urban areas of Japan, 27.viii.1996, light trap.
Frontal tubercles prominent, roughly conical. Tergite IX rounded at the posterior margin. Anal point concave in its median portion, and parallel-sided to the apex, apically rounded. Superior volsella narrow at base and strongly expanded distally, bearing five strong setae, inferior volsella semicircular, gonostylus with small protrusion at apex.
Japan.
Japan. Holotype, ♂ (No. 348: 30), at Misumai, Hokkaido, 6. ix. 1997, sweep net.
Total length 5.45 mm; wing length 2.60 mm; total length / wing length 2.10; wing length / length of profemur 2.08.
Male adult of
|
ti | ta1 | ta2 | ta3 | ta4 | ta5 |
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 | 1250 | 1000 | 1475 | 710 |
630 | 540 | 230 | 1. 48 |
p2 | 1150 | 1025 | 700 | 310 | 250 | 140 | 100 | 0. 68 |
p3 | 1250 | 1375 | 920 | 460 | 370 | 220 | 120 | 0. 67 |
Male adult of
Japan.
The characters of frontal tubercles, superior and inferior volsella, and gonostylus of this species followed the generic character of the genus
Japan: the type specimen of
Thorax with dark brown spots; the posterior margin of tergite IX shoulder-like or slightly cone-like; anal point slender, tapering distally or parallel-sided. Superior volsella crescent-like; inferior volsella tuberculate, bearing 1-3 stout setae, free microtrichia. Anal tergite bands “V” shaped, the junction of gonostylus and gonocoxite distinctly concaved, curved at 1/3 distance from base, apex with a small protrusion, bent inwards and bearing one seta.
Total length 5.45 mm; wing length 2.30 mm, total length/wing length 2.37; wing length / length of profemur 2.17.
Male adult of
|
ti | ta1 | ta2 | ta3 | ta4 | ta5 |
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 | 1060 | 825 | 1500 | 650 |
540 | 440 | 200 | 1.82 |
p2 | 1020 | 910 | 630 | 300 | 220 | 120 | 100 | 0.69 |
p3 | 1110 | 1200 | 860 | 450 | 350 | 190 | 120 | 0.72 |
Male adult of
China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Hainan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Tibet, Taiwan); South Korea; Japan; India; Bangladesh; Lebanon; Turkey; Europe (Germany, UK, Holland, Belgium).
The holotype of
Frontal tubercles and the posterior margin of tergite IX are highly variable in this species. The main distinguishing features are as follows: superior volsella bulbous to globular, both sides of the inferior volsella stretching upward at base, formed into flank-shaped, free microtrichia, bearing two long apical setae at apex. The junction of gonostylus and gonocoxite concaved obviously, gonostylus abruptly narrowed near apex and apically pointed, bearing one seta at apex.
China (Hebei, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Guangdong, Hainan, Sichuan); Japan; Russian Far East.
Japan. Holotype, ♂ (No. 74: 01), Tama River, at the Yoroi Bridge, at Yoroi-bashi, Japan. 11. iii. 1982.
Japan.
Japan. ♂ (No. 286: 21), edge of rice paddies, Tokara Islands, Kagoshima, Japan. 18–19. v. 1994, sweep net, Coll. H. Suzuki.
Frontal tubercles present. The tibia of front leg with one subapical seta. The posterior margin of tergite IX shoulder-like. Anal point tapering to the apex, lateral setae and microtrichia absent. Anal tergite bands “H”-shaped. Superior volsella small, thumb-like, almost entirely covered by microtrichia; inferior volsella bearing three apical setae at apex, free microtrichia.
Japan.
Japan. Holotype specimen of
Anal point almost parallel-sided. Anal tergite bands H-shaped. Superior volsella bulbous to spherical; inferior volsella square-shaped, and width is equal to half of superior volsella, bearing three long setae at apex, free microtrichia.
(n = 1). Total length 5.23 mm; wing length 2.20 mm; total length / wing length 2.38; wing length / length of profemur 2.26.
Male adult of
|
ti | ta1 | ta2 | ta3 | ta4 | ta5 |
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 | 975 | 800 | 1325 | 550 |
500 | 400 | 180 | 1.66 |
p2 | 960 | 890 | 560 | 270 | 200 | 120 | 100 | 0.63 |
p3 | 1050 | 1115 | 810 | 400 | 300 | 270 | 120 | 0.73 |
Male adult of
Japan.
The characters of frontal tubercles, superior volsella and inferior volsella, and gonostylus followed the generic character of the genus
Japan. Holotype specimen of
Male adult of
|
ti | ta1 | ta2 | ta3 | ta4 | ta5 |
|
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
p1 | 1300 | 950 | 1700 | 780 |
650 | 600 | 225 | 1. 79 |
p2 | 1125 | 1030 | 690 | 320 | 240 | 140 | 100 | 0. 67 |
p3 | 1275 | 1330 | 920 | 450 | 380 | 210 | 110 | 0. 69 |
Male adult of
Japan.
Frontal tubercles cylindrical, superior volsella peanut-like, and concave medially combined with a thumb-like inferior volsella, bearing four long setae at apex, and free microtrichia followed the generic characters of
1 | Superior volsella spherical to bulbous |
|
– | Superior volsella not as above |
|
2 | Junction of gonostylus and gonocoxite distinctly compacted |
|
– | Junction of gonostylus and gonocoxite compacted slightly or not at all |
|
3 | Inferior volsella with microtrichia |
|
– | Inferior volsella bare |
|
4 | Anal point tapering to the apex |
|
– | Anal point nearly parallel-sided |
|
5 | Tibia and tarsi of front legs dark brown, tibia with 3 subapical setae |
|
– | Tibia and tarsi of front legs light brown, tibia with 1 subapical seta |
|
6 | Anal tergite bands “wide Y”-shaped |
|
– | Anal tergite bands “H”-shaped |
|
7 | The posterior margin of tergite IX tapered |
|
– | The posterior margin of tergite IX arced |
|
8 | Frontal tubercles low and broad, width is at least two times longer than height |
|
– | Frontal tubercles tapering, width nearly equal to height |
|
9 | Anal point wide and short, gonostylus blunt and rounded apex |
|
– | Anal point slender and short, gonostylus tapering to the apex |
|
10 | Superior volsella spherical, slightly compacted at base |
|
– | Superior volsella peanut-like, distinctly compacted at distal 1/3 |
|
We are grateful to Dr A. Shinohara (Department of Zoology, National Science Museum, Tokyo, Japan), who kindly enabled us to examine Sasa’s type specimens. Dr Alexander Egan (University of Minnesota, USA) also provided valuable comments on a previous version of this manuscript. Financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 31672324, 31672264, 31460572). Science and Technology project of Tianjin (17KPXMSF00040, 14JCQNJC14600), 18JCQNJC14700, Tianjin City High School Science & Technology Fund Planning Project (20090608), and the Tianjin Normal University Foundation (5RL104, 043135202-XB1715, 135305JF79; 043135202-XK1706) are acknowledged with thanks.