Checklist of ladybirds of Algeria with two new recorded species (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae)

Abstract An updated and corrected checklist of species of ladybird beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) known in Algeria now contains 75 species belonging in ten tribes. New country records include the European species Oenopia conglobata and the invasive Asian species Harmonia axyridis. Sampling data is provided for 14 species found during a faunistic survey performed mostly in agroecosystems, together with host plant and prey species.


Introduction
Family Coccinellidae (ladybirds) is the most species-rich family in the recently recognized beetle superfamily Coccinelloidea (Robertson et al. 2015) with approximately 6000 species described worldwide (Vandenberg 2002). They are mostly beneficial in-sects, their larvae and adults feeding on pests, especially on scale insects and aphids (Hodek et al. 2012, Giorgi et al. 2009).
Among beetle families, ladybird beetles (Coccinellidae) of individual countries are relatively well known, and the fauna of Algeria is also relatively well documented (Saharaoui and Gourreau 2000, Kovář 2007, Saharaoui et al. 2014.During a recent relatively limited survey, we found two species recorded for the first time in Algeria which need to be added to the list. In preparing the checklist, we also found many taxonomical errors in the previous species lists or old taxonomy that was recently changed mainly due to molecular phylogenetic studies. Thus, we provide an updated and corrected checklist of species of the family Coccinellidae in Algeria.
During the faunistic survey performed mostly in agroecosystems, we found 12 species reported before and therefore we provide details of their localities and dates of sampling as well as their host plants and prey species.

Materials and methods
Literature records were reviewed to set up up-to-date list of species of Coccinellidae recorded from Algeria. Our sampling was performed to confirm species occurrence and their host/food relationships as a part of study on the natural enemies of aphids. Survey has been carried out in agroecosystems in distant localities within the country -name of locality, geographic coordinates, date of sampling and host plant are given in Table 1. Beetles were sampled from plants using sweeping net (the most effective method for Coccinellidae found by Kherbouche et al. 2015) and the Japanese umbrella. We also sampled plant fragments infested with aphids for their identification. Besides adults, also larvae of the ladybirds were collected for identification. Samples were preserved in 70% ethanol, adult beetles were subsequently allowed to dry. Insects were photographed by digital camera Lumenera Infinity 2 mounted on stereomicroscope Nikon SMZ 1500, operated by QuickPHOTO CAMERA software. Series of images was stacked using Zerene Stacker 1.04. Species were identified using various available keys, such as Iablokoff-Khnzorian (1982), Nedvěd (2015). The specimens are deposited in Agronomic National School Superior of El Harrach, Algeria.

Discussion
Chilocorus cacti was introduced in Algeria but probably did not establish itself (Smirnoff 1957). Coccinella algerica Kovář, 1977 was described based on small morphological differences of North African populations originally thought to be C. septempunctata. Marin et al. (2010) demonstrated that these two species do not form genetically distinct lineages and synonymized C. algerica with C. septempunctata.
Adalia decempunctata was previously known from Algeria. Specimens of Adalia decempunctata found during our survey bear a mixture of characters of A. decempunctata and A. conglomerata (see Table 3 and Fig. 1). The former lives on a wide variety   of woody plants, while A. conglomerata is a specialist on conifers, mainly spruce in Central Europe. Differences in the shape of male genitalia are generally small within Adalia to be used for clear species identification. The occurrence of the invasive alien species H. axyridis in Algeria confirms predictions of its potential distribution made by Poutsma (2008) using a CLIMEX model. Although meanwhile it has been found in a few countries with wet tropical climate (Kenya: Nedvěd et al. 2011;Tanzania: Nedvěd and Háva 2016), and in dry tropical desert (Biranvand et al., in press) not predicted by the model, it probably did not establish itself there. The climate and host plants present in north Algeria and the occurrence of prey species and other predator ladybirds found during our study suggested establishment and future spread of H. axyridis in Algeria. The first specimen found was a male (Fig. 2), the second a female, both with well-developed elytral ridge, belonging to the form succinea. The establishment of the species was confirmed by occurrence of many larvae and pupae in 2018. All adults found in 2018 were of form succinea, which is the most common colour form in the native Chinese as well as in most invasive populations (Roy et al. 2016).
Oenopia conglobata is a common tree inhabiting predatory ladybird living in most European countries and as a subspecies in large parts of Asia. The specimen collected in Algeria has yellow elytral background (Fig. 3), while it is usually pink or beige in Europe. Additionally, the spots are rather small, while in many European individuals, at least some spots fuse together (Nedved 2015).