Corresponding author: Yves Bousquet (
Academic editor: T. Erwin
A new species of the genus
The genus
While curating the Nearctic carabids of the Canadian National Collection of Insects, I found that two species were mixed under the name
All the specimens reported in this study belong to the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Ontario (CNC), the Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania (CMNH), and the University of New Hampshire Collection, Durham, New Hampshire (NHDE). No attempt was made to locate further specimens in other collections.
The following measurements were taken on several specimens of the new species and
DNA extraction, PCR and COI sequencing followed standard protocols and primers at the Canadian Centre for DNA Barcoding (
Holotype (♂) labelled: “virg. Shenandoah N.P. Powell Gap 13.VI.1982, 2300’ Bousquet & Davies / Holotype Platynus daviesi Bousquet CNC no 23464.” The specimen is deposited in the Canadian National Collection of Insects.
Paratypes (160♂♂, 127♀♀) from the following localities in the United States of America: Alabama. Natural Bridge Cave, Winston Co., 17.VI.61, H.R. Steeves [under rock, light zone] (1♂, CMNH). Monte Sano State Park, Hunstville, Madison Co., 6–8.IV.1991, R. Davidson, R. Acciavatti & M. Klingler (2♂♂, 5♀♀, CMNH). Connecticut. Burnham Brook, East Haddam, Middlesex Co., 16.VI.1980, 24.VII.1980, A.J. Main & W.L. Krinsky [malaise trap over brook] (2♀♀, CMNH). Kentucky. Foxtown, Jackson Co., 4.V.1984 (8♂♂, 11♀♀, CMNH). Carter Caves, Carter Co., 28.VII.1983, A. Larochelle (1♂, CMNH). Maryland. Garrett St. For., Garrett Co., 5.VI.96, J. Glaser (1♀, CMNH). New York. W. Shokan, Ulster Co., various dates, M.S. Adams [256 m, UV Light, Mesic forest hemlock] (9♂♂, 8♀♀, CMNH). Olivebridge, Ulster Co., various dates, M.S. Adams [118 m, UV Light] (7♂♂, 6♀♀, CMNH). “Plivebridge”, Ulster Co., 13–14.VII.1995, M.S. Adams (1♂, CMNH). Ithaca, Tompkins Co., 15.VII.1980, J.E. Rawlins (1♀, CMNH). North Carolina. Blue Ridge Parkway near Craven Gap, 940 m, Buncombe Co., 5.VI.1986, A. Smetana (1♂, CNC). Blue Ridge Parkway, Wolf Mountain outlook, 1680 m, 26.V.1986, A. Smetana (1♂, CNC). Highlands, 3800’, Macon Co., 8.VI.1957, W.J. Brown (1♀, CNC). Wayah Bald, 5500’, Macon Co., 6.VII.1952, H.& A. Howden (1♀, CNC). Pennsylvania. Cook State Forest, 1.2 mi N Cooksburg, Jefferson Co., 6.VI.1997, D. Chandler (3♂♂, 2♀♀, NHDE). Pittsburgh, 1.VII.1922 (1♂, 1♀, CMNH). Powdermill Nature Res., nr Rector, Westmoreland Co., 13.IX.58 (1♂, CMNH); idem, 26.IV.–2.V.1982, 16–20.V.1982, 26.IX.–1.X.1981, 30.V.–9.VI.1983, R. Davidson (4♂♂, 1♀, CMNH). 3 km NE Lower Burrell, Westmoreland Co., 19.VII.1946 (1♂, CMNH). 4.9 km S Ludlow, Pigeon Run, McKean Co., 15.VI.1994, 18.VII.1994, 24.V.1995, 22.VI.1995, J. Deeds or M. Ricke [560 m, UV Light Trap] (1♂, 5♀♀, CMNH). 5.4 km ENE Donaldson, Tionesta Scenic Area, McKean Co., 15.VI.1994, 22.VI.1995, M. Ricke or J. Deeds [565 m, UV Light Trap] (1♂, 1♀, CMNH). 4.2 km SSE Donaldson, Rock Run, Warren Co., 13.VII.1994, 9.VII.1994, 19.VII.1994, 5.VIII.1994, 19.VIII.1994, 24.V. 1995, 22.VI.1995, J. Deeds or M. Ricke [540 m, UV Light Trap] (2♂♂, 5♀♀, CMNH). 4.6 km ESE Donaldson, Tionesta Scenic Area, Warren Co., 15.VI.1994, M. Ricke (1♀, CMNH). 2.2 km NW Truemans, Warren Co., 15.VI.1994, 5.VIII.1994, M. Ricke (3♂♂, CMNH). 6.4 km S Irvine, Hedgehog Run, Warren Co., 1.VIII.1995, J. Deeds (1♀, CMNH). 6 km E Cobham, Warren Co., 10.VI.1995, C. Bier, J. Deeds & T. Schumann (1♂, CMNH). 7.7 km SSW Cherry Grove, Warren Co., 25.VII.1995, J. Deeds (1♂, CMNH). Black’s Run, Oakmont, Allegheny Co., 19.IV.1982, R. Davidson (1♀, CMNH). 1.6 km WSW Truemans, near mouth of Minister Creek, Forest Co., 15.VI.1994, M. Ricke [380 m, UV Light Trap] (1♂, CMNH). 8.7 km N Kellettville, Forest Co., 14.VIII.1995, J. Deeds (1♂, CMNH). 3.9 km WSW Pigeon, Penoke Run, Forest Co., 8.VIII.1996, J. Isaac [marsh with alders, UV light trap] (1♀, CMNH). 1.3 km SW Nansen, East Branch Spring Creek, 21.VIII.1996, J. Isaac [riparian, hemlocks] (1♂, CMNH). 5 km SSW West Finley, Enlow Fork Wheeling Creek, Washington Co., 16.V.1986, J.E. Rawlins (1♂, 1♀, CMNH). Lycoming Creek, 0.9 km NW Bodines, Lycoming Co., 14.VI.2001, B.J. Ray & S.E. Hamsher (1♀, CMNH). 3.5 km NE Shanksville, Somerset Co., 13.V.1995, W.A. Zanol (1♀, CMNH). Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, 2.3 km W Eckville, Berks Co., 8.VII.1997, M. Monroe & M. Medina (1♂, CMNH). Hawk Mountain Sanctuary, 1.1 km WNW Eckville, 15.V.1998, 28.V.1998, 26.VI.1998, 13.VIII.1998, 14.IX.1998, various collectors (5♂♂, 3♀♀, CMNH). Gravel Lick, Clarion Co., 3.V.1994, W.A. Zanol (1♀, CMNH). Tennessee. Chimney Tops, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, 8 km S Gatlinburg, 8.VI.1982, Bousquet & Davies (1♂, 2♀♀, CNC). Smoky Mtn. Nat. Pk., Elkmont, 12.VII.1974, R.D. Ward (1♀, CMNH). Foster Falls, 10 km SE Tracy City, Marion Co., 31.V.1991, R. Davidson, W. Zanol & R. Acciavatti (3♂♂, 5♀♀, CMNH). Virginia. Powell Gap, Shenandoah Nat. Park, 2300’, 13.VI.1982, Bousquet & Davies (5♂♂, 2♀♀, CNC). Simmons Gap, Shenandoah Nat. Park, 2250’, 14.VI.1982, Bousquet & Davies (1♂, 1♀, CNC). McCormick Gap, Shenandoah Nat. Park, 2430’, 14.VI.1982, Bousquet & Davies (3♀♀, CNC). Skyline Drive, Shenandoah Nat. Park, 3140’, 18.VII.1976, R.D. Ward (1♀, CMNH). Compton Gap, Shenandoah Nat. Park, 17.VI.1981, R. Davidson (1♀, CMNH). Mountain Lake Biological Station, 3820’, 12 km E Pembroke [Giles Co.], 11.VI.1982, Bousquet & Davies (2♂♂, CNC). “Matthews Arm”, Rappahannock Co., 19.VII.1980, A. Larochelle (1♀, CNC). Elkton, Rockingham Co., 21.VII.1980, A. Larochelle (1♀, CNC). Hightown, Highland Co., 4.VII.1980, A. Larochelle (1♂, CMNH). Loft Mtn., Greene Co., 3.VII.1980, A. Larochelle (1♀, CMNH). “Troutdale”, Grayson Co., 7.VII.1980, A. Larochelle (1♂, CMNH). 3 mi W Dungannon, Scott Co., 15.VI.–15.VII.1994, E. van den Berghe (3♂♂, 1♀, CMNH). Cumberland Gap Nat. Park, Lee Co., 5.VII.1984, E. Censky (7♂♂, 4♀♀, CMNH). West Virginia. Harpers Ferry, Jefferson Co., 18.VI.1974, P. Van Buskirk (3♂♂, CNC). Hungry Beech Preserve, 1 km E Kettle, Roane Co., 5–8.VI.1995, Harrity, Davidson & Onore [deciduous forest] (9♂♂, 7♀♀, CMNH). Ice Mountain Preserve, 0.5 km E North River Mills, Hampshire Co., 14–17.VI.1995, 19–22.VII.1995, 20–22.IX.1995, various collectors [deciduous forest, light trap] (27♂♂, 17♀♀, CMNH). Slaty Mountain Preserve, 4 km NW Sweet Springs, Monroe Co., 2–5.VI.1995, 25–28.VII.1995, various collectors [shale barrens, light trap] (8♂♂, 6♀♀, CMNH). Fayette Station, Fayette Co., 1–2.VII.1990, 2–12.VII.1990, Acciavatti & Davidson (2♂♂, 1♀, CMNH). Burner Mt., 3 km N Bartow, Pocahontas Co., 6.VIII.1986, R.E. Acciavatti [ex tree trunk] (1♂, CMNH). North Fork Mountain, 6.3 or 6.5 km SSE Hopeville, Grant Co., 25.IV.1994, 31.V.1994, 7.VI.1994, D. Mitchell & L. Mennell (3♂♂, 3♀♀, CMNH). 3.7 km WNW Hopeville, Grant Co., 31.V.1994, 7.VI.1994, D. Mitchell & L. Mennell [oak/maple forest] (8♂♂, 1♀, CMNH). 9.8 km N Upper Tract, Pendleton Co., 25.V.1994, 7.VI.1994, 9.VI.1994, D. Mitchell & L. Mennell (7♂♂, 2♀♀, CMNH). U.S. 50 at Cheat R., Preston Co., 12.V.1983, R.E. Acciavatti (1♀, CMNH). 3.2 km NNE Bowden, Randolph Co., 11–19.V.1995, 19–21.VI.1995, 22–29.VI.1995, 1–6.VII.1995, 2.VIII.1995, 22–31.VIII.1995, L. Mennell (5♂♂, 2♀♀, CMNH). 3.7 km NNW Bowden, Randolph Co., 2.VIII.1995, 14.VIII.1995, L. Mennell (1♂, 1♀, CMNH). Near Alderson [Greenbrier Co.], 30.VI–1.VII.1936, G.M. Kutchka (1♂, CMNH). Falls of Mills Creek, 11 mi W Mill Point, Greenbrier Co., 2–8.V.1982, R. Davidson (1♂, CMNH).
Habitus (
SBL: 8.7–9.9 mm (mean = 9.2 mm; n = 24).
Median lobe of aedeagus (left lateral view)
Collection localities for
This species is named for my colleague Anthony Davies, a dedicated research assistant working at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, who collected, along with the author, several specimens of the type series.
As far as known, this species lives mainly along the Appalachian Mountains, ranging from Connecticut and southern Pennsylvania to northwestern Alabama (
In addition to records listed in the “Type Material” section, specimens were seen with the following locality labels: “Pen” (1♀, CMNH). “Pa” (1♀, CMNH). “Ohio Pyle,” VII.1905 (1♀, CMNH).
Based on information attached to specimen labels, this species is probably an inhabitant of deciduous forests.
The wings are fully developed and no doubt functional. Several specimens were collected at ultraviolet light.
The new species is most similar to
Body proportions for
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24 | 0.65–0.72 (0.69) | 1.19–1.31 (1.25) | 3.41–3.73 (3.56) | 1.54–1.62 (1.58) |
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20 | 0.65–0.75 (0.70) | 1.17–1.34 (1.26) | 2.94–3.35 (3.19) | 1.45–1.56 (1.50) |
While most specimens of
Regarding
Adults of
CO1 sequences were analyzed for 46 specimens of
Percent mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) sequence divergence among species of North American
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2.91±0.89 | |||||||||||
9.59±1.69 | 1.32±0.40 | ||||||||||
8.96±1.57 | 9.54±1.63 | 0.95±0.39 | |||||||||
8.86±1.63 | 6.84±1.34 | 10.78±1.72 | 0.00±0.00 | ||||||||
13.97±2.19 | 13.81±1.96 | 14.11±2.17 | 13.12±1.89 | 0.35±0.15 | |||||||
6.35±1.35 | 11.74±1.82 | 9.35±1.54 | 9.31±1.67 | 14.23±2.12 | 0.00±0.00 | ||||||
13.91±2.15 | 14.47±2.04 | 13.01±2.06 | 14.66±2.10 | 6.46±1.33 | 13.99±2.15 | 0.28±0.28 | |||||
11.29±1.85 | 9.03±1.61 | 4.97±1.16 | 11.05±1.78 | 14.17±2.10 | 12.26±1.92 | 13.26±2.00 | 0.28±0.19 | ||||
8.98±1.62 | 7.28±1.43 | 10.93±1.76 | 2.69±0.84 | 14.74±1.99 | 9.45±1.69 | 15.12±2.09 | 10.67±1.76 | 0.41±0.24 | |||
10.26±1.69 | 5.87±1.23 | 8.69±1.61 | 4.90±1.11 | 12.82±1.82 | 11.91±1.88 | 12.15±1.82 | 7.79±1.48 | 4.96±1.11 | 1.15±0.45 | ||
9.37±1.61 | 7.22±1.44 | 10.22±1.69 | 2.59±0.83 | 14.20±1.95 | 11.29±1.84 | 14.67±2.08 | 11.05±1.79 | 2.98±0.89 | 5.72±1.24 | 0.00±0.00 |
Neighbor-joining tree of genetic distances (Kimura-2-parameter model) of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) in species of North American
In order to help with identifying specimens of the new species, a key to all known eastern
1 | Tarsomere 5 with relatively long setae underneath | 2 |
– | Tarsomere 5 without setae underneath, though with minute hairs in some specimens | 4 |
2 [1] | Legs yellow to reddish yellow. Elytral intervals 3, 5 and 7 each with double rows of setae aligned along striae | |
– | At least femora, in most specimens entire legs, reddish brown to black. Elytral intervals 3, 5, and 7 without setae or each with single row of setae not aligned along striae | 3 |
3 [2] | Pronotum narrow, subquadrate (though appearing elongate), with rounded posterior angles; posterolateral setae well removed from angles. Frons with two rufous spots | |
– | Pronotum wide, transverse (though appearing subquadrate), with denticulate posterior angles; posterolateral setae relatively close to angles. Frons without rufous spots | |
4 [1] | Meso- and metatarsomeres 1–3 each with dorsal keel | |
– | Meso- and metatarsomeres 1–3 without dorsal keel | 5 |
5 [4] | Elytral microsculpture transverse to striate | 6 |
– | Elytral microsculpture isodiametric or irregularly isodiametric | 8 |
6 [5] | Metasternum short, length behind mesocoxa distinctly shorter than longitudinal diameter of mesocoxa; wings markedly reduced | |
– | Metasternum long, length behind mesocoxa longer than longitudinal diameter of mesocoxa; wings fully developed | 7 |
7 [6] | Vertex with isodiametric meshes. Pronotal disc with well-impressed microsculpture microlines. Antennomeres 1–3, femora, and tibiae ± reddish brown, tarsomeres paler. Elytral interval 3 with three discal setae at least on one side in most specimens (96% of specimens seen) | |
– | Vertex without meshes. Pronotal disc without or with shallowly impressed microlines. Antennomeres 1–3, femora, and tibiae yellowish to reddish, tarsomeres not paler. Elytral interval 3 with four or five discal setae on both side in most specimens (87.5% of specimens seen) | |
8 [5] | Frons with two rufous spots | 9 |
– | Frons without rufous spots | 10 |
9 [8] | Pronotum without or with very small notch at each posterior angle. Metasternum shorter: length behind mesocoxa shorter than longitudinal diameter of mesocoxa. Antennomeres 1–3 black (except at extremities). Lateral depressions of pronotum not paler than disc | |
– | Pronotum with distinct notch at each posterior angle. Metasternum longer: length behind mesocoxa longer than longitudinal diameter of mesocoxa. Antennomeres 1–3 reddish to reddish black. Lateral depressions of pronotum paler than disc | |
10 [8] | Mandible markedly elongate, terebral blade narrowly but acutely curved apically, retinacular tooth distinct, not hidden by labrum in dorsal view [ |
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– | Mandible moderately elongate, terebral blade more widely and less acutely curved apically, retinacular tooth hidden by labrum in dorsal view | 11 |
11 [10] | Pronotum without evident microsculpture. Elytra proportionally shorter (LE/LP = 2.6–2.9; n=12), ± shiny, and ± oval; intervals convex | |
– | Pronotum with distinct microsculpture, particularly toward sides. Elytra proportionally longer (LE/LP = 3.4–3.8; n=12), dull, and ± parallel-sided; intervals flat or only slightly convex |
I thank Robert L. Davidson and Donald S. Chandler for sending specimens under their care, Go Sato for the habitus drawing, and Jean-François Landry, Vasily Grebennikov and Serge Laplante for reviewing the manuscript. I also thank Jean-François Landry for his valuable help with barcode analyses and the staff of the Biodiversity Institute of Ontario for assistance with specimen processing and sequencing. Sequence records were generated with funding from the Government of Canada through Genome Canada and the Ontario Genomics Institute in support of the International Barcode of Life Project. Data analysis was greatly aided by the Barcode of Life Data System which is supported by the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation.