Reproduction of figure 57 from Endrődi (1966). Hypothetical relationships among the tribes of Dynastinae. “Primitive form” is translated from the German “Urform.”

 
 
  Part of: Moore MR, Cave RD, Branham MA (2018) Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae). ZooKeys 745: 1-99. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683