Remarks:
Kinberg (1867) described the new genus Demonax for four new species: Demonax krusensterni and Demonax cooki from Honolulu, Demonax leucaspis from San Lorenzo and Demonax incertus from Valparaíso, and Demonax tilosaulus (Schmarda, 1861) also from Valparaíso. The specimen reported by Kinberg as Demonax tilosaulus (not Sabella tilosaula Schmarda, 1861) is a Chone species according to Hartman (1959: 514). As Perkins (1984) noted, designation of Demonax krusensterni as the type-species by Bush (1905) was unfortunate since figures of the other three new species were published posthumously in the second part of Kinberg’s paper on the polychaetes of the Eugenie Expedition (Kinberg 1910) and the holotype of Demonax krusensterni is in poor condition (Johansson 1925, Perkins 1984).
Johansson (1925) reexamined Kinberg’s Demonax types and commented that Demonax leucaspis, Demonax incertus,and Demonax cooki and questionable Demonax krusensterni were all exemplars of a single species. In 1927, Johansson included these species in synonymy under Demonax leucaspis, with Demonax krusensterni as a questionable synonym. Hartman (1959), following Johansson (1927), designated Demonax leucaspis as the type-species, a mistake that violates Article 69 of the ICZN (1999). Fauchald (1977) and Banse (1979) followed Hartman (1959) while Knight-Jones (1983), Perkins (1984), Fitzhugh (1989), Giangrande (1994) and Gambi et al. (2001) considered Demonax krusensterni as the type-species of Demonax. Knight-Jones (1983) suggested that the syntypes of Demonax cooki could well be juvenile specimens of Demonax krusensterni showing regeneration after damage. Perkins (1984) included Demonax incertus, Demonax cooki and questionably Demonax krusensterni under the name Demonax leucaspis.
Parasabella is currently represented by the following 25 species, 24 of which are new combinations:
Parasabella aberrans (Augener, 1926), comb. n.
Type locality: New Zealand.
Parasabella albicans (Johansson, 1922), comb. n.
Type locality: Japan.
Parasabella aulaconota (Marenzeller, 1884), comb. n.
Type locality: Japan.
Parasabella brevithoracica (Pillai, 1961), comb. n.
Type locality: Nachikuda, Ceylon.
Parasabella cambrensis (Knight-Jones & Walker, 1985), comb. n.
Type locality: Liverpool Bay, UK.
Parasabella columbi (Kinberg, 1867), comb. n.
Type locality: La Plata, Argentina.
Parasabella fernandezensis (Augener, 1922), comb. n.
Type locality: Juan Fernandez Island, Chile.
Parasabella flecata (Hoagland, 1919), comb. n.
Type locality: Puerto Rico.
Parasabella jamaicensis (Augener, 1924), comb. n.
Type locality: Kingston, Jamaica.
Parasabella japonica (Moore & Bush, 1904), comb. n.
Type locality: Japan.
Parasabella krusensterni (Kinberg, 1867), comb. n.
Type locality: Honolulu, Hawaii.
Parasabella lacunosa (Perkins, 1984), comb. n.
Type locality: Hutchinson Island, Florida.
Parasabella langerhansi (Knight-Jones, 1983), comb. n.
Type locality: Madeira.
Parasabella leucaspis (Kinberg, 1867), comb. n.
Type locality: San Lorenzo, Chile.
Parasabella media Bush, 1905.
Type locality: Alaska.
Parasabella microphthalma (Verrill, 1873), comb. n.
Type locality: Vineyard Sound, Massachusetts.
Parasabella oculea (Pillai, 1965), comb. n.
Type locality: Manila Bay, Philippines.
Parasabella pallida (Moore, 1923), comb. n.
Type locality: Santa Cruz, California.
Parasabella polarsterni (Gambi, Patti, Micaletto & Giangrande, 2001), comb. n.
Type locality: Weddell Sea.
Parasabella rufovittata (Grube, 1881), comb. n.
Type locality: Singapore.
Parasabella rugosa (Moore, 1904), comb. n.
Type locality: San Diego, California.
Parasabella saxicola (Grube, 1861), comb. n.
Type locality: Chero, Adriatic Sea, see note below.
Parasabella tenuicollaris (Grube, 1870), comb. n.
Type locality: Adriatic Sea.
Parasabella tommasi (Giangrande, 1994), comb. n.
Type locality: Brindisi, Adriatic Sea.
Parasabella torulis (Knight-Jones & Walker, 1985), comb. n.
Type locality: Liverpool Bay, UK.