Two new species of the genus Miasa Distant, 1906 from China, with a key to all species (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Dictyopharidae)

Abstract Two new species Miasa dichotoma Zheng & Chen, sp. n. and M. trifoliusa Zheng & Chen, sp. n. from China are described and illustrated. A key of identification to all species of the genus is provided.


Introduction
The Oriental genus Miasa was established by Distant (1906) for a single species Elidiptera smaragdilinea Walker, 1857, from Malacca (Malay Peninsula). Song et al. (2014) reviewed this genus revising the already three known species and adding two new. In this paper, two new species, M. dichotoma sp. n. and M. trifoliusa sp. n. are described and illustrated, with photographs of the adult habitus. So far, this genus now includes seven species.

Materials and methods
The morphological terminology and measurements follow Yang and Yeh (1994) and Song et al. (2014). Specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (IEGU). Dry specimens were used for the observation, description, and illustration. Genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in boiling solution of 10% potassium and drawn from preparations in glycerine jelly under a Leica MZ12.5 stereomicroscope. Color pictures for adult habitus were obtained by a KEYENCE VHX-1000 system. Illustrations were scanned with Canon Cano Scan LiDE 200 and imported into Adobe Photoshop CS6 for labelling and plate composition. The type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, China (IEGU).
The following abbreviations are used in the text: BL body length (from apex of cephalic process to tip of fore wings); HL head length (from apex of cephalic process to base of eyes); HW head width (including eyes); FWL forewing length. Distant, 1906Figs 1-32 Miasa Distant, 1906Schmidt 1906: 280;Melichar 1912: 37;Schmidt 1915: 348;Distant 1916: 28;Schmidt 1928: 129;Metcalf 1946 Description. General colour in dried specimens ferruginous-brown, marked with pale green and black. Cephalic process of the base brown, terminal black, brown on side. Frons uniformity brown. Frontoclypeal area dark with brown freckles. Compound eyes dark brown; ocelli light pink. Antennae brown. Pronotum and mesonotum brown, the median area emerald green. Forewings with stigmal area and posterior margin broadly dull ochreous, a large oblique triangular apical streak, and a narrow streak along nodal line fuscous; hind wings with an apical fuscous spot. Legs brown with dark spots.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 10-12) wider ventrally than dorsally (approx. 5.8:1), hatchet-shaped in lateral view. Gonostyles (Figs 10, 11) relatively large, broadening towards apex in lateral view (Fig. 10), posterior margin straight, upper margin with dorsally directed, black-tipped process near middle, with ventrally directed, hook-like process near sub-middle on outer upper edge. Anal tube (Figs 10, 12) wide and narrow down in dorsal view, ratio length to width approx. 1.1:1. Aedeagus (Figs 13-15) with one pair of special long endosomal processes, processes with apex acute, sclerotised and pigmented. Phallobase sclerotised and pigmented at base, with two pairs of membranous lobes at apex (Figs 13-15): the dorsal lobes relatively small and the ventral lobes large with complicated ventral lateral lobes in lateral view (Fig. 13), one pair of large lobes in dorsal view (Fig. 15), one pair of large and complicated lobes in ventral view (Fig. 14).
Female genitalia. Segment X (Fig. 17) round and large in dorsal view, ratio length to width at middle approx. 1.3. Gonocoxae VIII with two endogonocoxal processes membranous and flattened on endogonocoxal lobe. Gonopophyses VIII (Fig. 18) scle-  rotised with six differently sized teeth in lateral view. Gonopophyses IX (Fig. 19) triangular, symmetrical in ventral view, connected at base and separated from 2/3 base. Gonoplacs (Fig. 20) with two sclerotised lobes, ventral lobe with a membranous structure at the top, and lateral lobe with 3-4 long spines at apex. Distribution. China (Yunnan). Differential diagnosis. This species is similar to M. trifoliusa sp. n. but can be distinguished from phallobase. The former has two pairs of membranous lobes of the phallobase at apex, the latter with three pairs of membranous lobes at apex.
Etymology. This new species is named for the Greek word "dichotoma" referring to aedeagus that is dichotomous at its apex.  Description. General colour in dried specimens ferruginous-brown, marked with faint yellow and reddish brown. Cephalic process of the base brown, terminal black, brown on side. Frons brown with faint yellow marks. Frontoclypeal dark with paired brown blotchy markings. Compound eyes dark brown, ocelli light pink. Antennae brown. Pronotum and mesonotum brown, the middle faint yellow. Forewings with stigmal area and posterior margin broadly dull ochreous, a large oblique triangular apical streak, and a narrow streak along nodal line fuscous; hind wings with an apical fuscous spot. Legs brown with dark spot.

Miasa trifoliusa
Cephalic (Figs 21-25) process relatively long, distinct upturned, ratio length to length of pronotum and mesonotum combined 0.7. Vertex (Figs 21-25) with lateral margins carinate, sub-parallel at base, sharply sinuate in front of eyes, then narrowing to arrowhead at apex, ratio of length to width between eyes 3.5. Frons (Fig. 26)  veins fused into a long Pcu+A 1 vein at apical 1/6 in clavus. Legs long and thin, fore femur not flattened and dilated, with one minute, short, blunt spine near apex; hind tibia with five lateral black-tipped spines and six apical black-tipped teeth, hind tibiae I with ten and tarsomeres II with eight black-tipped apical teeth, respectively.
Male genitalia. Pygofer (Figs 27-29) wider ventrally than dorsally (aprpox. 4.5:1), hatchet-shaped in lateral view. Gonostyles (Figs 27, 28) relatively large, broadening towards apex in lateral view (Fig. 27), posterior margin straight, upper margin with dorsally directed, black-tipped process near middle, with ventrally directed, hook-like process near sub-middle on outer upper edge. Anal tube (Figs 27,29) wide and narrow down in dorsal view, ratio length to width approx. 1.4:1. Aedeagus  with one pair of special long endosomal processes, processes with apex acute, sclerotised and pigmented. Phallobase sclerotised and pigmented at base, with three pairs of membranous lobes at apex: the dorsal lobes relatively small and the ventral two pairs of membranous lobes large and connected in ventral view (Fig. 31).
Distribution. China (Yunnan). Differential diagnosis. This species is similar to M. wallacei Muir, but can be distinguished most easily by the phallobase conformation. The former is membranous with a pair of dorsal lobes directed posteriorly, and two pairs of ventral lobes: large, almost equal in length, apically bifurcate, directed dorsally, the latter membranous with a pair of dorsal lobes directed posteriorly, and two pairs of ventral lobes: upper pair large and elongate, directed dorsally; lower pair relatively small and rounded. There have differences in body colour and in the lengths and widths of the forewings, but the differences are not obvious.
Etymology. This new species is named with the Greek word "trifoliusa" referring to phallobase with three pairs of membranous lobes at apex.

Discussion
The discovery of these two new species broadens our knowledge of the morphology and biogeography of the genus, although it is not a new record of the genus for China. The two new species occur in Yunnan, China (as does M. wallacei). This might be related with the special geographical position and climate of Yunnan.Tto the northwest lies Lancang County; to the southeast, south, and southwest respectively there are borders with Laos, Burma, and Vietnam. These regions and countries are linked by mountains and rivers and are located on the Tropic of Cancer in tropical humid areas.