Corresponding author: Andrew M.R. Bennett (
Academic editor: G. Broad
The world species of
The tribe
Apart from the presumed lower number of potential hosts, another factor that definitely contributes to the small number of species of Afrotropical
All terms of ichneumonid morphology follow
Measurements for particular structures were made as follows: supraclypeal width was measured at midheight compared to height in the middle (laterally); horn length measured in dorsal view versus pedicel width at middle in lateral view; gena width measured at lower (narrowest) point versus transverse width of eye at midheight (both in lateral view); length of scutellar carina measured from base of scuto-scutellar groove to apex of scutellum; point of union of posterior transverse carina of propodeum (ptc) and pleural carina (pc) was estimated by measuring the distances shown in
Specimens are deposited at the following institutions (acronyms according to
Canadian National Collection of Insects (CNC); The Natural History Museum, London (NHM); Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris (MNHN), Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki (MZH), California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco (CAS). Label data for holotypes is reported
Digital photos were taken using a Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope with motorized focus drive attached to a Leica DFC420 digital camera. Photos were combined and edited using Leica Application Suites Montage Multifocus software V3.8, Auto-Montage Pro 5.01 and Adobe Photoshop CS4. Authorship of all species is by Bennett and Barnes.
Differentiated from other genera of
Dorsal edge of pronotum (seen in dorsal view) strongly thickened laterally (
T1 gradually widening from anterior to posterior, 1.2 to 1.8 times as long as posterior width, with moderate anterolateral projections (as seen in dorsal view). Glymma present as a depression ventral to anterolateral projections. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 present basally or extending up to 0.7 of segment. Dorsolateral longitudinal carinae of T1 present (most species) or absent; if present, not extending posterior to spiracle (
Body polished, face and supraclypeal area coarsely punctate (
Unknown, but probably parasitoids of tenthredinoid sawflies (
Afrotropical (Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia and Angola).
1 | Longitudinal lamella present between toruli ( |
|
– | Lamella absent between toruli. Mesosoma with dark markings ( |
2 |
2(1) | Propodeum lacking a ventral transverse carina extending from metasomal foramen to pleural carina ( |
3 |
– | Propodeum with a ventral transverse carina extending from metasomal foramen to pleural carina ( |
4 |
3(2) | Mesopleuron with dorsal half black and ventral half yellow ( |
|
– | Mesopleuron completely yellow ( |
|
4(2) | Propodeum with medial longitudinal carinae absent or incomplete anterior to posterior transverse carina. Supra-antennal area with a long, sub-parallel-sided/ weakly tapering horn in dorsal view ( |
5 |
– | Propodeum with medial longitudinal carinae strong and complete anterior to posterior transverse carina ( |
6 |
5(4) | Propodeum black ( |
|
– | Propodeum orange except brown basolaterally ( |
|
6(4) | Legs completely dark brown ( |
|
– | Fore and mid legs orange, hind coxa, trochanter and femur orange, hind tibia and tarsus dark brown, except yellow at base of hind tibia ( |
Notaulus present, but weak. Epicnemial carina medially curving slightly away from anterior edge of mesopleuron near ventral corner of pronotum (intermediate between
Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.7 times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 extending posterior to spiracle (0.6 length of tergite), dorsolateral longitudinal carinae extending about half way to spiracle (0.3 distance of T1) (
Yellow. Legs and metasoma become slightly darker yellow apically/ posteriorly. Scape, pedicel except apically, supra-antennal area except orbits ventral to medial ocellus, vertex, gena dorsal to ventral edge of eye, occiput, apex of mandibles, pronotum dorsal to furrow, mesoscutum, dorsal half of mesopleuron except subtegular ridge and scutellum except basolaterally black/ dark brown. Apex of pedicel, flagellum and distal tarsomere of hind leg brown. Entire membrane of fore wing moderately infumate (
Male (based only on single male paratype noted by
Habitus
Holotype: ♀, Label 1: ZAMBIA, Kitwe, Chati, 27.3.1979, K. Löyttyniemi leg. Label 2: window trap with
Male: Fore wing length 5.8 mm. Clypeus separated from supraclypeal area by a strong groove. Malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Supraclypeal area 1.7 times as wide as high, dorsomedially without a short, narrow, longitudinal lamella between the antenna. Supra-antennal horn moderately long and triangular in dorsal view (
Notaulus absent. Epicnemial carina mostly straight medially, not curving away from anterior edge of mesopleuron near ventral corner of pronotum (similar to
Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.6 times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 extending to spiracle (0.4 length of tergite), dorsolateral longitudinal carinae extending just over half way to spiracle (0.3 distance of T1).
Yellow. Legs and metasoma slightly darker yellow apically/ posteriorly. Vertex and supra-antennal area medially, scape and mesoscutum orange. Pedicel and apex of mandible dark brown. Flagellum medium brown except base of first flagellomere orange. Entire membrane of fore wing moderately infumate (
Holotype ♂, Label 1: KENYA: Rift Valley Province. Marich Pass Field Studies Centre,
This species is named in honour of Dr. Dmitriy Kasparyan (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg) for his contributions to ichneumonid taxonomy especially being the first to recognize and describe the genus
see comments for
Notaulus absent. Epicnemial carina mostly straight medially (similar to
Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.6 times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 extending close to spiracles (about 0.4 times length of tergite), dorsolateral longitudinal carina extending just over half way to spiracles (similar to
Yellow. Pedicel, medial 0.5 of supra-antennal area except dorsomedial part of horn (
Male: as female except fore wing length 4.9 to 7.1 mm. Malar space 0.4 times basal width of mandible. Width of supraclypeal area 1.7 to 2.0 times height. Ocello-ocular distance 1.7 to 1.9 times ocellar diameter. Gena 0.6 times transverse diameter of eye. Flagellum with 36 to 40 segments. Notaulus weak anteriorly in some specimens. Lateral abscissa of posterior transverse carina of propodeum slightly sinuous (
Holotype: ♀, Label 1: CONGO, Brazzaville, Centre ORSTOM, 8 novembre 1986, A. DELOBEL coll. Label 2: Holotype. Label 3:
Male: Fore wing length 6.4 to 7.0 (6.4) mm. Clypeus separated from supraclypeal area by a strong groove (
Notaulus absent. Epicnemial carina mostly straight medially, not curving away from anterior edge of mesopleuron near ventral corner of pronotum (
Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.6 to 1.8 (1.6) times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 extending to about the level of spiracle or a bit beyond, 0.4 to 0.6 (0.6) times length of T1, dorsolateral longitudinal carinae extending to spiracle, or in holotype to at least 0.7 times length of T1 (posterior to this, present as a rounded ridge).
Black to dark brown. Extreme apex of hind femur, basal 0.2 of hind tibia and posterior 0.2+ of T3–T7 ivory (the ivory bands longer medially than laterally and increasing in length from T3 to T7) (
Habitus
Habitus
Head, anterior view
Vertex showing supra-antennal horn, dorsal view
Holotype: ♂, Label 1: BRIT, E, AFRICA [KENYA], Masai Reserve, 29.i.1914, Cap. A.O.Luckman. Label 2: 1919-10. [NHM]. Condition: intact except left antennal flagellum missing all but basal 24 flagellomeres. Paratypes: ♂, BRIT. E. AFRICA [KENYA], 30 miles from Magadi Junc., iv.1912. F.G. Hamilton [NHM]; ♂, BRIT. E. AFRICA [KENYA], Mogorr River, v.1913 [CNC].
This species is named in honour of the senior author’s father, Dr. Roger Bennett, for his support and encouragement during the long (and sometimes dark) journey towards becoming a systematic entomologist.
Notaulus absent. Epicnemial carina mostly straight medially, not curving away from anterior edge of mesopleuron near ventral corner of pronotum (similar to
Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.8 times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 extending to 0.7 length of T1, dorsolateral longitudinal carinae extending beyond spiracles up to 0.7 length of segment.
Black. Legs, metasomal sternites and ovipositor sheaths at base brown, the legs lightening from base to apex except hind leg with tibia and tarsus darker brown. Flagellomere 1 at extreme base and flagellomeres 2+ on ventral surface yellow brown, gradually lightening towards apex, dorsal surface of flagellum brown, lightening to yellow brown apical to middle. Apical 0.3 of clypeus orange-brown. Membrane of fore wing strongly infumate (
Male: unknown.
Holotype: ♀, Label 1: UGANDA, Ruwenzori Range [Rwenzori Mountains], xii.1934-i.1935., B.M. E. Afr. Exp. B.M. 1935-203. Label 2: Namwamba Valley, 6,500 ft., F.W. Edwards. [NHM]. Condition: intact.
This species, collected in the “Mountains of the Moon”, is named in honour of the senior author’s mother, Mrs. Eileen Bennett, for her support and understanding, especially when finding dead caterpillars and grasshoppers in jars or worse (live ones wandering through the house).
See comments for
Notaulus present, but weak. Epicnemial carina medially curving away from anterior edge of mesopleuron near ventral corner of pronotum (
Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.2 times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carina of T1 extending to about level of spiracle (0.4 length of segment), dorsolateral longitudinal carina absent (no obvious carina visible between anterior part of dorsal longitudinal carina and spiracle).
Black. Distal trochantelli of fore and middle legs, hind trochanter except at base, all femora and tibiae except apical 0.1 of hind tibia, fore tarsomeres 1 - 4, middle tarsomeres 1 – 3, basal 0.8 of hind basal tarsomere, T1 – 4, T5 sublaterally, T6 except anteriorly and all sternites yellow. Palpi, glossa, basal trochantelli of fore and middle legs, base of hind basal trochantellus, apical 0.1 of hind tibia, distal tarsomere of fore and middle leg, all of hind tarsus except basal 0.8 of basal tarsomere, T5 medially and laterally, T6 anteriorly and ovipositor sheaths brown. Membrane of fore wing moderately uniformly infumate (
Male as female except: Fore wing length 6.2 to 6.3 mm. Malar space 0.4 to 0.5 times basal width of mandible. Supraclypeal area 1.9 to 2.0 times as wide as high. Supra-antennal horn 1.3 times width of pedicel at middle. Ocello-ocular distance 1.8 to 2.0 times ocellar diameter. Gena 0.8 to 0.9 times transverse diameter of eye. Flagellum with 27 segments. Hind femur length 3.7 to 3.8 times medial width. Hind tarsal claw pectinate to 0.5 to 0.6 length of claw. Posterior transverse carina of propodeum incomplete in middle. Tergite 1 1.3 to 1.4 times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carina extending to just anterior to spiracles or to level of spiracles (0.3 to 0.4 length of T1). Dorsolateral longitudinal carina of T1 absent or present as a thin, weak ridge that extends half way to spiracle. Colour as female except apical 0.2 of hind tibia, apical 0.5 to 0.9 of hind basal tarsomere brown. Tergites 1 to 4 yellow brown with irregular brown mottling, especially medially and anteriorly on each segment. Tergite 5 yellow laterally. Gonoforceps basally yellow, apically brown.
Holotype: ♀, Label 1: A43. Label 2: AFRICA, UGANDA, Mt. Elgon, Butandiga, 7,000 ft. Label 3: J. Ford, B.M.1935-459. [NHM]. Condition: intact except both antenna with only basal flagellomere attached, right flagellomeres 2 to 14 glued to double-mount block, left hind leg missing distal 3 tarsomeres, right hind leg missing distal tarsomere, apical half of right ovipositor sheath missing. Paratypes: 2 ♂, same data as holotype except: A47 on upper label [NHM, CNC].
This species is named in honour of Dr. David Wahl (American Entomological Institute) (AEIC) for his contributions to ichneumonid taxonomy and his hospitality to the senior author during many visits to the AEIC.
Notaulus present, but weak (
Tergite 1 of metasoma 1.2 times as long as apical width. Dorsal longitudinal carinae of T1 extending to about level of spiracle (0.4 length of tergite), dorsolateral longitudinal carinae present only as a short stub bifurcating near base of dorsal longitudinal carina.
Black. Apical half of clypeus, glossa, apex of scutellum, propodeum, metasoma, except as noted below, orange. Tegula, coxae, apical 0.2 of hind tibia, hind tarsus except basal 0.3 of basal tarsomere, T2+ in spots laterally and sublaterally, T5 to T6 medially and hypopygium brown. Palpi, hind trochanter, femur, basal 0.8 of hind tibia and basal 0.3 of basal tarsomere, sternites and gonoforceps brownish yellow. Note that the distinction between orange and brownish yellow is not always clear. The hind leg is slightly more yellowish than the propodeum, the latter being slightly more yellow (and slightly less orange) than the scutellum and tergites. Membrane of fore wing uniformly, moderately infumate (
Female: unknown.
Holotype: ♂, Label 1: BRIT. E. AFRICA [KENYA], 30 miles from Magadi Junc., April.1912, F.G. Hamilton. Label 2: 1915-98. [NHM]. Condition: right flagellum with only basal 15 flagellomeres, left flagellum with basal 5 flagellomeres attached, fore and middle legs missing except for coxae, left flagellomeres 6 to 15 and right hind leg glued on card below specimen.
This species is named in honour of Dr. Gavin Broad (NHM) in recognition of his contributions to ichneumonid taxonomy and for finding the type specimen of this species within the unidentified ichneumonids of the Natural History Museum, London.
The authors would like to thank the curators of the following institutions for loan of specimens: Dr. C. Villemant (MNHN); Dr. P. Malinen, (MZH), Dr. R. Zuparko (CAS) and Dr. G. Broad (NHM), the latter, especially, because of sorting through decades of unidentified specimens to find additional material for this study. Dr. L. Masner (CNC) hand-carried specimens to MNHM. Dr. D. Kasparyan (Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg) and Dr. N. Bogutskaya (Zoosystematica Rossica) provided permission to copy line drawings of