Maximum likelihood tree of family Xeniidae based on a partitioned analysis of concatenated mtMutS, COI and 28S rDNA gene regions. Numbers above nodes: ML bootstrap percentages; numbers below nodes: Bayesian posterior probabilities. All genera and major clades of Xeniidae other than Caementabunda and Conglomeratusclera have been collapsed to facilitate readability. Specimens of Caementabunda and Conglomeratusclera are identified by ZMTAU catalog number and location of collection (G = Green Is., Taiwan; M = Madagascar; Y = Yonaguni Is., Japan).