Corresponding authors: Mao-Ling Sheng (
Academic editor: Gavin Broad
Four species of
The genus has not been studied thoroughly in China. Only two species,
Materials used were collected using the following methods.
Rearing parasitoids. Cocoons of sawflies were collected from forests where there had been an outbreak of sawfly larvae lasting two or three years. Cocoons were stored individually in glass tubes with a piece of filter paper dipped in distilled water for maintaining moisture and plugged tightly with absorbent cotton at room temperature. Glass tubes are 60 mm long and 6 mm diameter. Emerged insects were collected daily.
Some European specimens of
The morphological terminology mostly follows
All specimens of
Fore wing vein 3rs-m absent. Hind wing vein 1-cu inclivous. Clypeus with pair of small teeth. Notaulus not reaching to center of mesoscutum. Propodeum completely areolated. Spiracle of first tergum a little behind middle. Upper valve of ovipositor with nodus, lower valve with distinct teeth.
.
1. | First to fifth terga black. Antennae black or brownish black | 2 |
– | Second and third terga brown to reddish brown. Antennae yellowish brown, at least basal half brown, apical half darker brown | 3 |
2. | Malar space approximately as long as basal width of mandible. Postocellar line about 0.7 times as long as ocular-ocellar line. Mesopleuron with dense and strong transverse wrinkles. Tegulae, hind femora (except base) and tibiae black | |
– | Malar space 1.2 times as long as basal width of mandible. Postocellar line about 1.1 times as long as ocular-ocellar line. Mesopleuron almost smooth medially. Tegulae yellowish to reddish. Hind femora yellowish brown distally, tibiae yellowish brown | |
3. | Second tergum distinctly granulate and dull, or partly and obliquely granulate-strigose | |
– | Second tergum with more or less distinct longitudinal wrinkles |
The specific name is derived from the body being entirely black.
Holotype, female, CHINA: Shennongjia, 2360m, Hubei Province, 15 April 2009, leg. MAN-QUN WANG. Paratypes: 2 females and 1 male, CHINA: Shennongjia, 2110 to 2360m, Hubei Province, 15 to 20 April 2009, MAN-QUN WANG.
Clypeal suture weak and indistinct; subapex of clypeus slightly raised. Hind wing vein 1-cu strongly inclivous, about 3.5 times as long as cu-a. Area superomedia of propodeum approximately as wide as long. Ventral profile of scape with distinct punctures. Tegulae black.
Female. Body length 5.5–7.0 mm. Fore wing length 5.0–6.0 mm. Ovipositor sheath length 2.5–2.8 mm.
Head. Face (
Mesosoma. Pronotum smooth, upper half of anterior margin with weak longitudinal wrinkles and punctures; median portion with dense oblique transverse wrinkles; upper posterior portion with weak, dense, oblique longitudinal wrinkles. Epomia weak. Mesoscutum evenly convex, with fine granulose texture, punctures indistinct. Notaulus evident on front portion of mesoscutum. Scutoscutellar groove smooth, with weak longitudinal wrinkles. Scutellum evenly convex, with fine granulose texture and fine punctures, diameter of puncture 1.0 to 2.0 times as long as distance between punctures. Postscutellum short, with fine punctures. Mesopleuron (
Metasoma. First tergum 1.8 times as long as apical width, with fine granulose texture, posterior portion with indistinct, fine, longitudinal wrinkles. Median dorsal carinae indistinct. Dorsolateral and ventrolateral carinae complete. Spiracle circular, very small, located slightly behind middle of first tergum. Second tergum approximately 0.7 times as long as apical width, with texture as that of mesoscutum. Third tergum 0.6 times as long as basal width, with fine granulose texture. Fourth and following terga strongly convergent backward. Ovipositor sheath 1.1 to 1.2 times as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor slightly compressed. Apical portion of lower valve with 7 weak ridges, basal 3 widely spaced, distal 4 moderately close together.
(
Male. Body length about 6.0 mm. Fore wing length about 4.8 mm. Antenna with 23 flagellomeres, tenth and eleventh flagellomeres with linear tyloids. Ventral profile of scape, mandibles except teeth, maxillary and labial palpi, upper posterior corner of pronotum, tegulae, coxae and trochanters of front and middle legs buff. Front and middle legs sandy beige, except apices of tarsi slightly darkened. Hind femora and basal 0.7 of tibiae reddish brown, apical portion of each tarsal segment slightly brown.
The mature larva forms a cocoon outside the body of the larval host and inside the cocoon of the host.
This new species is similar to
No specimens were examined. Figures of the type, including the body (lateral profile), face, mesopleuron, wings, propodeum and ovipositor, were checked. Drafted figures by Dr. K. Horstmann were consulted.
Unknown.
China (Qinghai, Xizang) (
1 female, CHINA: Dongfeng, Jilin Province, 15 May 2004, Mao-Ling Sheng.
China (Jilin), Russia, Europe (
The specific name is derived from the longitudinal wrinkles on the second tergum.
Holotype, female, CHINA: Qinyuan, Shanxi Province, 6 July 1996, Mao-Ling Sheng. Paratypes: 2 females, CHINA: Qinyuan, Shanxi Province, 5 June 1995. 4 females 2 males, CHINA: Qinyuan, Shanxi Province, 6 July 1996, Mao-Ling Sheng; 1 female, CHINA: Qinyuan, Shanxi Province, 12 June 1999, Guo-Fa Chen. 1 female (reared from a pupa of moth), CHINA: Weichang, 1673 m, Chengde, Hebei Province, 16 June 2010, Tao Li.
Malar space 1.1–1.2 times as long as basal width of mandible. Hind wing vein 1-cu strongly inclivous, about 4.0 times as long as cu-a. Area superomedia 1.3 to 1.7 times as wide as long. Second tergum with longitudinal wrinkles. Tegulae darkish brown.
Female. Body length 5.5–6.5 mm. Fore wing length 3.8–4.0 mm. Ovipositor sheath length 2.0–2.2 mm.
Head. Face (
Mesosoma. Anterior portion of pronotum smooth, upper portion with punctures; median portion with dense oblique transverse wrinkles; upper posterior portion with fine granulose texture, punctures distinct. Epomia weak. Mesoscutum with fine granulose texture, punctures indistinct. Notaulus evident on front portion of mesoscutum. Scutoscutellar groove nearly smooth, with weak longitudinal wrinkles. Scutellum shiny, evenly convex, with fine punctures, diameter of puncture 1.0 to 3.5 times as long as distance between punctures. Postscutellum transverse, anterolaterally deeply concave, punctures indistinct. Mesopleuron with dense and oblique transverse wrinkles, upper anterior corner with weak and short transverse wrinkles. Epicnemium with fine punctures, diameter of puncture approximately as long as distance between punctures. Epicnemium punctate indistinctly. Epicnemial carina strong, upper end reaching to subalar prominence. Speculum small, anterior portion with weak and fine transverse lines. Sternaulus sharp, reaching to hind margin of mesopleuron. Metapleuron slightly rough, with unclear oblique transverse wrinkles. Juxtacoxal carina anteriorly distinct, hind section unclear. Juxtacoxal and submetapleural carinae complete and strong. Wings brownish hyaline. Fore wing with vein 1cu-a distal of 1/M by about 0.3 times length of 1 cu-a. Vein 3rs-m absent; 2rs-m about 1.1 to 1.3 times as long as distance between it 2rs-m and 2m-cu. Vein 2-Cu approximately 2.0 times as long as 2cu-a. Hind wing vein 1-cu strongly inclivous, about 4.0 times as long as cu-a. Legs robust. Ratios of length of hind tarsomeres 1:2:3:4:5 are 10.0:4.2:3.0:1.7:3.0. Propodeum completely areolate, carinae strong. Area basalis inverse trapezium, almost smooth. Area superomedia hexagonal, 1.3 to 1.7 times as wide as long, slightly coriaceous. Costula connecting area superomedia at its apical 0.3. Area petiolaris strongly sloping, centrally rough, with short oblique wrinkles. Area dentipara with irregular fine wrinkles. Area posteroexterna with strong irregular wrinkles. Areae spiracularis and lateralis with irregular transverse wrinkles. Spiracle circular, very small, close to lateral longitudinal carina. Propodeal apophysis short and compressed.
Metasoma. First tergum 1.4 to 1.6 times as long as apical width. Petiole with granulose texture. Postpetiole with fine, longitudinal wrinkles. Without median dorsal carinae. Dorsolateral and ventrolateral carinae complete. Spiracle circular, very small, slightly convex, located at apical 0.4 of first tergum. Second tergum (
(
Male. Body length about 5.0 mm. Fore wing length about 4.0 mm. Face with distinct punctures. Antenna with 21 flagellomeres, tenth and eleventh flagellomeres with linear tyloids. Ventral profiles of scape and pedicel whitish yellow. Tegulae buff. Middle and hind coxae blackish brown. Second and third terga brown with more or less irregular darkish fleck.
This new species is similar to
The authors are deeply grateful to Dr. G. Broad (Department of Entomology, the Natural History Museum, London) and Dr. K. Horstmann (Lehrstuhl Zoologie III, Biozentrum, Wuerzburg, Germany) for providing European specimens of