Life stages of Cassidispa relicta on host plants Betula platyphylla. 28 Eggs 29 A leaf with new mines of hatching larvae and larval resting places focusing on their egg points: r – resting place of larva 30 Shared large mine of three older larvae in a same leaf 31–32 Mature larva leaves its original mine and builds a new one for overwintering and pupation, in Fig. 32 the red arrow indicates the location of mature larva 33 Pupae in the leaf litter in spring 34 A pupal mine in the fallen leaf.