Neotropical Thoasia Liebke, 1939 and Straneotia Mateu, 1961 of the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina: Taxonomic revisions with notes on their ways of life (Insecta, Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)

Abstract Thoasia Liebke, 1939 and Straneotia Mateu, 1961 of the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina, Lebiini, living in the Neotropics are diagnosed, described, and illustrated. Occurrences of known species ranges are limited to the northern and western Amazon Basin and Guyana Shield. The following species are described as new: Thoasia surinamensis Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., Suriname, Thoasia pterosmaragdos Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., French Guiana, Thoasia manu Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., Ecuador, Perú; Straneotia cylindroceps Erwin & Aldebron, sp. n., French Guiana, Straneotia confundis Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., Ecuador, and Straneotia moi Aldebron & Erwin, sp. n., French Guiana. Two of these species, Thoasia manu and Straneotia moi are known from adults collected by insecticidal fogging of lowland rainforest trees, and these trees are listed in their respective descriptions. The following species are redescribed: Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, 1939, French Guiana, Venezuela; Straneotia freyi Mateu, 1961, Brazil; Straneotia amazonica Mateu, 1961, Brazil.


Introduction
This treatment of two more genera in the Cryptobatida group, subtribe Agrina, continues our goal of revising all its known taxonomic elements (cf. Valeriaaschero -Erwin 2004;Hybopteroides -Erwin and Ball 2012;Hyboptera -Erwin and Henry 2017;Aspasiola -Kyana Pike, in prep;Cryptobatis -Charlotte Aldebron, in prep.). Mateu (1961) treated Otoglossa and Pseudotoglossa, but did not have recent canopy samples at the time, thus his work was incomplete from a present day viewpoint; however, his treatment does allow identification of species described up to that time. Those latter two genera and the remaining genera (Onota and Cylindronotum) that have never been revised and are very well represented in recent fogging samples will be treated in the near future. Our goal in these generic treatments is to make known recent findings from the field and the gathering together of historical literature with the hopes that museum and field-oriented systematists will extend our knowledge through discovery of additional specimens (and species representatives) in collections and in nature.
The species of the Cryptobatida group are highly varied in color and external-form attributes. Their way of life is also varied to the extent we know it. Hybopteroides adults prey on Embiids under the latter's webbing, while Hyboptera adults do the same on Psocoptera under their webbing. Colorful Cryptobatis, Otoglossa, Aspasiola, and, likely, Valeriaaschero are found on bracket fungi on dead wood, or standing live trees. While Onota, Cylindronotum, and Pseudotoglossa are speciose and abundant in canopy fogging samples, other than their aboreality and seasonality, their way of life is unknown.

Methods and materials
(modified from Erwin and Henry 2017) As noted in several past contributions, methods and species concepts follow those previously described (Erwin and Kavanaugh 1981;Kavanaugh and Erwin 1991). The species validation and diagnosis format follows as closely as possible that suggested in Erwin and Johnson (2000). For measurements, images of the specimens were taken using a Leica M420 stereoscope coupled to an EntoVision system. The resulting image was processed using the software Cartograph version 7.2.5 by Microvision Instruments. The magnification on the zoom was set to calibrate the system and it is embedded into the file of the image. The image was then opened with the software program Archimed version 6.1.4, also by Microvision and the Measure tool was then used to determine the lengths and widths of the various parts. A total of 43 images were obtained. Measurements of length (ABL, SBL) and maximum width (MW) follow those of Ball (1972) and Kavanaugh (1979): ABL (apparent body length), measured from apex of labrum to apex of longer elytron (in adults of these genera, the abdomen sometimes protrudes beyond the elytral apex, thus the ABL often is larger than the SBL; SBL (standardized body length), equals the sum of the lengths of the head (measured from apex of clypeus to a point on midline at level of the posterior edge of compound eyes); PL (pronotum length) is measured from apical to basal margin along midline; EL (elytron length) is measured from apex of scutellum to apex of the longer elytron; and MW (maximum width) is measured across both elytra at their widest point with suture closed. HW (head width) is measured from extreme margin of protuberant eyes left to right. Note that not all specimens available were measured because more than 33 specimens were available, thus we limited "n" to 33 as a statistically valid sample size. Sexes were measured separately; we found slight differences among the species sexes, and hence we report measurements for both sexes in our Tables (see Appendix 1, 2). For an explanation of the measurements and their incorporation in Appendix 1, see Erwin (2011) and Erwin and Ball (2011). For the present study, we report the harmonic mean, as we believe it better reflects the central tendency than the arithmetic mean.
Attributes of the abdominal ventral sterna are referred to using the numbering system generally accepted in carabid studies, i.e., the sternum divided medially by the hind coxae is sternum II (the first being hidden) and the last visible is sternum VII (Liu et al. 2011). In a revision of the genus Pericompsus (Erwin 1974), a problem was encountered with the term "stria" for features of their punctate elytra (i.e., the so-called striae were not actually striae, rather they were rows of punctures). The result was the use of the term "interneur" to apply to the attribute lying between intervals. Through use of this term, one could describe the feature as interneur striate, punctate, striatopunctate, etc.
A similar problem exists for the proximal end of the median lobe of the male genitalia. In Snodgrass (1935), the term "phallobase" is used, and we have adopted it here (see Erwin and Zamorano 2014). Therefore, by extension, in Carabidae, we can say phallobase hooded (e.g., Lebiini, Pseudomorphini), phallobase of two parallel sclerotized struts (basal trechines and Andinodontis), phallobase of two uneven struts (Bembidion), etc. Kavanaugh (pers. comm.) points out that with struts there are still connecting membranes surrounding the struts forming a "bulb." We have chosen the aedeagal illustration of a male T. manu, new species (Fig. 3C) to display the identifying code letters and these apply to all illustrations of male genitalia included herein.
This study includes 138 adult specimens of Thoasia and 6 adult specimens of Straneotia, all currently at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC (NMNH). Among these specimens, one was received from the Florida Department of Agriculture (FSCA, Paul Skelley, Collection Manager). Primary type specimens of new species will be deposited in their countries of origin if required by legal agreements, or museums of ownership at the conclusion of our studies on the Cryptobatida group.
The enhanced habitus images of the adult beetles portray most of the character states referred to in the key provided. Illustrations of male genitalia are standard for descriptive taxonomy of carabid beetles in both preparation and aspects presented, as is the presentation of the female genitalia (one example per genus, in this case T. manu, new species and S. cylindroceps, new species). All images were made with a Visionary Digital high resolution imaging system rendered using Photoshop to become "Digital Photo-illustrations." Figure  captions include an ADP number, which is a unique identification number for the specimen that was imaged and links the specimen and associated illustrations and/or images to additional information, such as collecting notes, in electronic databases at the NMNH.
Geographical data are presented for species based on all known specimens available at the time of manuscript preparation, including those in the literature. Geo-referenced data have been determined from locality information provided on specimen labels; only those exact geo-references reported in decimal degrees that are provided on the label are placed in quotes. Otherwise, we have estimated others as closely as possible from places, mileage, or other locality data listed on the label and searched with Google Earth Pro. Latitude and longitude for those are reported in decimal degrees and have been corrected from those reported on the labels, if necessary; our bottom line is that georeferenced locality data reported herein are far more accurate than those provided on specimens labels.
A distribution map is provided for the species of Thoasia and Straneotia (Fig. 7). Here, vernacular names in English are proposed, as common names are becoming increasingly needed in conservation reports and studies, and/or agricultural and forestry applications. These names are based on criteria set forth in Erwin (2011a) and applied in Erwin (2011b).
Host occurrences of rainforest trees are reported using the names provided by botanists who inventoried two fogging transects established by the senior author (TLE) in Ecuador. These names have not been elaborated with author names herein, as is traditional in botanical literature, however, they can be readily found on the internet.
Notes. Comb-claws, a prominent feature of many canopy and understory carabids are of varied distribution in this Group.
Key to the genera of the Cryptobatida Group, Subtribe Agrina (Lebiini) (Enhanced from Erwin 2004, Erwin and Ball 2012, and Erwin and Henry 2017   less anteriorly depressed. Prothorax more or less subequal in width to that of the head across eyes; sides of pronotum narrowly reflexed throughout, more broadly reflexed and markedly angulate at mid-lateral setigerous pore. Elytron at basal third not depressed, surface even, disc striate and punctate. Flight wings of a dusky color. Basitarsus of mid and hind legs markedly elongate, co-equal to length of tarsomeres 2-5; claws serrate. Male only with two rows of white adhesive setae on venter of tarsomeres 1-3; both sexes with long hooked white setae on tarsomere 5. Male with a pair of setae each side on abdominal sternum VII; female with 3 setae each side on abdominal sternum VII. Male endophallus without flagellum.
Dispersal potential. The wings are fully developed in adults of all known species, thus it is likely these beetles are moderate to strong flyers.
Geographic distribution. A widespread Neotropical genus known from Colombia, south to southeastern Brazil, in the west to Bolivia, and northeast to French Guiana.

Ways of life.
Little is known about the species in this genus and the little that is known is reported here for the first time. Adults of one species are regularly collected in both the wet and dry seasons using insecticidal fogging techniques in many species of trees reaching the forest canopy in the Amazon Basin, thus they are certainly most times arboreal. They are good flyers as evidenced by their capture in FITs in French Guiana.
Notes. Only one species has been previously described in this genus from Venezuela and from only one specimen. Adults of the species most commonly collected in canopy samples in Ecuador and Perú were misidentified as T. rugifrons Liebke, but that species is only known to be from Venezuela and French Guiana. To date, the most common species in canopy samples is described below, as new.
References. Liebke 1939;. Included species. The species list below, as well as the arrangement of descriptions that follows, is ordered alphabetically within two species groups.

rugifrons species group
The most distinctive attribute of species in this group is that the pronotum has two parallel dark stripes. Elytra of adults of all species have head and prothorax base coloration pale and elytra dark (metallic blue, green, or olivaceous) with mesothorax, metathorax, and abdomen black. Male phallus apex moderately elongate, bluntly rounded.

Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, 1939
Rough-headed pentagonal arboreal carabid Figs 1A, 3A, 7 Thoasia rugifrons Liebke, 1939:129 Holotype. (sex unknown): Type area. Venezuela. Not seen by us; however, Mroczkowski (1960) indicates that the holotype is in the Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsaw. We have determined that Liebke's translated description is good enough for us to recognize the species without seeing the type. Our redescription is based on newly acquired specimens (see below). Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, rugifrons, is a Latinized singular feminine adjective meaning "rugose forehead." Proposed English Vernacular Name. Rough-headed pentagonal arboreal carabid.

Diagnosis.
With the attributes of the genus and rugifrons species group as described above and adults with elytra metallic dark blue.
Description. ( Color: See diagnosis above. Luster: Elytra shiny metallic; forebody and head shiny. Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric, well-impressed. Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse on occiput, longitudinal adjacent to eye, slightly angulate on frons. Eye very large, sub-hemispheric, and evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna moderately long, reaching humerus. Labrum very large, somewhat cordate, shallowly convex at middle. Neck constricted, width coequal to anterior margin of pronotum. Prothorax: Pronotum moderately narrow, disk centrally convex, with dense transverse rugae and two dark stripes extending longitudinally, occasionally converging at the base. Lateral margins at apical third explanate and sharply acute, becoming constricted at basal third. Hind angles moderately acute and subtly narrower than lateral margin at widest point. Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged, wings smoky translucent. Elytron intervals 3, 5, and 7 with numerous discal setae, intervals slightly convex, side margin markedly explanate. Elytron narrow and short, moderately wider than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly sinuate with distal corner obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third not depressed. All interneurs well-impressed. Legs: Normal for Agrina, no unique modifications. Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3-5; female with three pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6; males with two pairs of longer setae on sternum 6. Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig. 3A.) broad with phallobase ⅓ of its length, ostium 1/3 of its length, catopic, apex short, markedly broad and shallowly rounded; endophallus moderately complex without flagellum. Parameres asymmetric, right very small, left larger, broad, apically rounded. Female genitalia: (cf. Fig. 2B). Unstudied, but likely similar to T. manu, new species.
Dispersal potential. These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are likely moderately swift and agile runners. The two specimens were collected in Way of life. The specimens were collected in January and February, where the climate is tropical, hot and humid throughout the year, with a relatively dry and slightly warmer season from July to November, and a rainy season from December to June.
Other specimens examined. Geographic distribution. (Fig. 7). This species is currently known from the type locality in Venezuela and in the lowlands of French Guiana.
Note. In Liebke's description, his specimen measures 5.5 mm. This would mean that the range of ABL for T. rugifrons is greater than one millimeter, a significant enough variation both within this and among other species of this genus to warrant the consideration of error in measurement on his part. Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, surinamensis, is a Latinized noun referring the type locality area of the species.
Proposed English Vernacular Name. Suriname pentagonal arboreal carabid. Diagnosis. With the attributes of the genus and rugifrons species group as described above and adults with unicolorous ferrugineus head and pronotum, the latter with two longitudinal infuscated stripes from apex to base, elytra entirely dark olivaceous except translucent, narrowly explanate lateral margin, scutellum, meso-, and metathorax, and abdomen black, tibial and femoral apex infuscated.
Color: See diagnosis above, and distal antennomers slightly infuscated. Luster: Elytra shiny olivaceous; forebody and head shiny. Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric, well-impressed. Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse on fore-occiput, longitudinal on aft-occiput and adjacent to eye, slightly angulate on frons. Eye large, sub-hemispheric, and evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna moderately long, reaching humerus. Labrum very large, slightly cordate, shallowly convex at middle. Neck constricted, width coequal to anterior margin of pronotum. Prothorax: Pronotum moderately narrow, disc centrally convex with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins at middle explanate and sharply acute then markedly arcuate to obtusely lobed hind angle; base subtly produced medially. Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged, wings smoky translucent. Elytron intervals 3, 5, and 7 with numerous long discal setae, intervals slightly convex, side margin moderately explanate. Elytron moderately broad and short, moderately wider than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly sinuate with distal corner obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third not depressed. All interneurs well-impressed. Legs: Normal for Agrina, no unique modifications. Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3-5; female with three pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6; male unknown but probably with two pairs of longer setae on sternum 6, as in T. manu. Male genitalia: Unknown. Female genitalia: (cf. Fig. 2B). Unstudied, but likely similar to T. manu.
Dispersal potential. These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are probably moderately swift and agile runners. The single specimen was collected in a malaise trap suspended at 6m up.
Way of life. The holotype was active in September, the cooler minor wet season in Suriname.
Other specimens examined. None. Geographic distribution. (Fig. 7). This species is currently known from the type locality in Suriname. Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, pterosmaragdos, is an ancient Greek derivation comprised of the words "ptero," meaning wing, and "smaragdos," meaning emerald. It refers to the emerald green hue of the elytra.
Proposed English Vernacular Name. Emerald-winged pentagonal arboreal carabid. Diagnosis. With the attributes of the genus and rugifrons species group as described above and adults with unicolorous ferrugineus head and pronotum, elytra entirely metallic dark emerald except translucent, explanate, narrow lateral margin, and meso-, and metathorax and abdomen black. Aedeagus narrow with apex narrow, twisted.
Dispersal potential. These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight, as evidenced by collection through flight intercept traps.

Way of life.
Specimens where the specimens were collected in February, September, and October, the climate is tropical, hot and humid throughout the year, with a relatively dry and slightly warmer season from July to November, and a rainy season from December to June.
Other specimens examined. Geographic distribution. (Fig. 7). This species is currently known from three localities in French Guiana.

manu species group
The most distinctive attribute of species in this group is that the pronotum is unicolorous with no parallel dark stripes. Elytra of adults have metallic blue coloration. Male phallus apex short, broadly rounded. Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, manu, is a singular feminine noun referring to the type locality of the species, the Río Manú, in southeastern Perú.
Proposed English Vernacular Name. Río Manú pentagonal arboreal carabid. Diagnosis. With the attributes of the genus and manu species group as described above and adults with unicolorous head and pronotum, elytra entirely metallic blue except translucent narrow lateral margin, and meso-, metathorax and abdomen black.
Variation. Given the sampling of specimens we have for this group, we were able to note a variation in size corresponding with locality. Specimens from Ecuador are larger (SBL: 4.7-5.07 mm, TW: 1.94-2.33 mm) than those from Perú (SBL: 3.91-4.68 mm, TW: 1.83-2.26 mm). After a comparison of external attributes supported by identical male genitalia, we have determined them to be conspecific.
Dispersal potential. These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. They are probably moderately swift and agile runners. They have only been collected using fogging techniques.
Way of life. Adults are common in the western Amazonian lowlands (100 to 400 m.a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in a variety of rainforest biotopes including terra firme, várzea, and igapó. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees such as species of Guarea, Virola, Spondias, Quararibea with vines and epiphytes, and in suspended dry leaves, in dry fronds of Astrocaryum chambira Burret, Maurita flexuosa, Jessenia bataua, Iriartea deltoidea and Scheelea sp. and in dry bamboo leaves of the species Guadua weberbaueri Pilg. Individuals are found in most months of the year, during both the rainy and dry seasons. Members of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the aforementioned genera and other vegetation noted below using insecticidal fogging techniques. The following are the trees, vines, and palms that botanists have identified (with their notations) in our fogging plot at the Onkone Gare Camp, Reserva Etnica Waorani: Lacistema nena cf.; Guatteria glaberrima cf.; Protium sagotianum cf.; Guatteria sp. 3, sect.; Meiocarpus, long petiole; Oenocarpus bataua; Neea "dive-tuberculate"; Semaphyllanthe megistocaula cf.; Lauraceae "redvein"; Eschweilera coriacea cf.; Protium "sect. Icicopsis" sp. nov. ined.; Iriartea deltoidea; Grias neuberthii; Brownea grandiceps cf.; Talisia  Geographic distribution. (Fig. 7). This species is currently known from the type locality in the Amazonian lowlands and at several other localities in Perú, as well as in the Yasuní region of Ecuador.
Notes. The holotype is held in trust at NMNH until the completion of our Cryptobatida Group studies and then will be deposited in the Museum at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM), Lima, Perú.

Straneotia Mateu, 1961
Slim arboreal carabid beetles Diagnosis. . Neck markedly broad, as wide as prothorax across apex of pronotum between lateral angles; eyes either somewhat flat, barely protruding beyond head outline, or moderately produced; frons flat, subtly rugose. Prothorax markedly narrow, barely wider than head; sides of pronotum narrowly reflexed throughout, cylindrical, hind angles subtly flared. Elytron at basal third very slightly transversely depressed, surface even, with slightly convex interval and striato-micropunctate interneurs. Flight wings clear. Basitarsus of mid and hind legs markedly elongate, coequal to length of tarsomeres 2-5. Male with two rows of adhesive setae on venter of tarsomeres 1-3; endophallus with flagellum; flagellum often extruded at apex; male with one pair of setae on sternum VI, females with two pairs. Dispersal potential. The wings are fully developed in adults of all known species, thus it is likely these beetles are moderate to strong flyers.
Geographic distribution. A rare Neotropical genus known from Brazil, Ecuador, and French Guiana.

Ways of life.
Little is known about the species in this genus and that which is stated here is new. The newly collected specimens reported here were fogged from the canopy of rainforest trees.

amazonica species group
The most distinctive attribute of the only currently known species in this group is that the head is normal and somewhat depressed and the narrow pronotum is not tubular. Adults are mostly pale in coloration with dark areas in the basal third of the elytron. Male phallus apex moderately elongate, narrowed, spatulate (in S. confundis, S. amazonica male unknown).
Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, amazonica, is a singular Latin feminine noun in apposition referring to the macrohabitat in which the holotype was found.
Proposed English Vernacular Name. Amazon slim arboreal carabid. Diagnosis. With the attributes of the genus and amazonica species group as described above and adults without a flared post-lateral margin of the pronotum.
Notes. Because the type appears to be lost, we have provided Mateu's original description and drawing. Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, confundis, is a singular feminine adverb referring to the difficulty of our interpreting Mateu's illustration of S. amazonica (see above).

Straneotia confundis
Proposed English Vernacular Name. Confusing slim arboreal carabid. Diagnosis. With the attributes of the genus and amazonica species group as described above and adults with a moderately narrow prothorax, the pronotum with markedly flared lateral margins in basal half and narrowly lateral explanation in apical half. Elytron with base of sutural interval and that of interval 3, 4, and 5 infuscated, and disc with a zig-zag infuscated mark on disc; disc base color testaceous, laterally (intervals 6-9) rufous.
Dispersal potential. These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight.
Way of life. The holotype was obtained with insecticidal fogging techniques from the canopy of terra firme lowland rainforest in September, the transition season between rainy and dry seasons in the area.
Other specimens examined. None. Geographic distribution. (Fig. 7). This species is currently known from the Amazonian lowlands in the Yasuní area of northeastern Ecuador.

freyi species group
The most distinctive attribute of species in this group is that the pronotum is somewhat tubular with narrow lateral explanations and the nearly flat eyes.

Straneotia freyi Mateu, 1961
Frey's slim arboreal carabid Figs 5A, 5B, 5C, 7 Straneotia freyi Mateu, 1961:165 Holotype. (Female): Type locality. Brazil, Pará, Belém (G. Frey)(G. Frey Museum). Dr. Eva Sprecher-Uebersax informs us that the type is not in the Naturhistorisches Museum in Basel, Switzerland, the current home of the Frey collection. Likewise, Azadeh Taghavian at the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle in Paris was unable to locate the specimen amongst the Mateu collection. Therefore, we believe the type has been lost and a neotype will be needed when additional specimens are found.
Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, freyi, is an eponym based on the family name of G. Frey who established the G. Frey Museum, Tutzing, Germany, and in which the holotype was originally deposited.
Proposed English Vernacular Name. Frey's slim arboreal carabid. Diagnosis. With the attributes of the genus and freyi species group as described above and adults with a markedly elongate head behind the eyes and five infuscated patches on otherwise unicolorous elytra.
Dispersal potential. These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. Way of life. Judging from the capture of adults of the following new species, this too is an arboreal species in rainforest canopies. The type was collected in December, the early rainy season in Belém.
Other specimens examined. None. Geographic distribution. (Fig. 7). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the Amazonian lowlands near Belém, Brazil, at the confluence of the river.
Notes. Because the type appears to be lost, we have provided Mateu's original description and drawings. Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, moi, comes from the Wayampi word for snake, referring to the snake-like appearance of the species head. The Wayampi are indigenous to French Guiana (Payne 1999).

Straneotia moi
Proposed English Vernacular Name. Snake-head arboreal carabid. Diagnosis. With the attributes of the genus and the freyi species group as described above and adults with testaceous, brown, and rufous hues on elytra, each elytron with irregular testaceous discal pattern, interrupted by narrow, transverse waves of dark brown, with basal third, rufous. Head behind eyes almost two times more than length of eye.
Color: See diagnosis above. Luster: Elytra, forebody, and head markedly shiny. Microsculpture: Elytron with mostly isodiametric and slightly stretched and moderately impressed sculpticells. Head and pronotum transversely microsculptured. Head: Frons with two pairs of carinae extending from base of clypeus, converging to produce a Vshape in line with the beginning of the eye. Rugae of lateral occiput and neck mostly transverse, very finely etched. Eye not produced, barely convex. Antennae moderately long, reaching slightly behind humerus. Labrum large, spatula-shaped, with anterior angles broader than posterior angles. Neck finely transversely rugose at sides. Mouthparts distinct from S. freyi with labial palpomeres apically truncate and ligula markedly narrow with pair of setal pores medially close-spaced, with less than the width of their diameter between them. Prothorax: Pronotum very narrow, cylindrical with slight lateral explanation; disc centrally narrowly planar, marked by a faint testaceous stripe and dense transverse rugae. Hind angles acute, subtly wider. Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged, flight wings translucent. Elytron intervals 3, 5, and 7 with numerous discal setae, intervals slightly convex, side margin moderately explanate. Elytron moderately broad and short, tapering markedly towards apex, markedly wider than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, markedly sinuate with distal corner obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed and micropunctate. Legs: Normal for Agrina, no unique modi- fications. Abdomen: Glabrous except normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3-5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum VI. Male genitalia: Unstudied. Female genitalia: Unstudied but likely similar to that of S. cylindroceps (cf. Fig. 6a).
Dispersal potential. These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. Way of life. Adults, as supported by the collection of the type specimen by malaise trap, are most likely a canopy dwelling species of tropical rainforests. This species was collected in December, the beginning of a shorter, two month rainy season near the coast of French Guiana.
Other specimens examined. No other specimens examined. Geographic distribution. (Fig. 7). French Guiana. Derivation of specific epithet. The epithet, cylindroceps, is a Latinized singular feminine adjective meaning "cylindrical head" referring to the shape of the elongate head behind the eyes.

Straneotia cylindroceps
Proposed English Vernacular Name. Tube-headed slim arboreal carabid. Diagnosis. With the attributes of the genus and freyi species group as described above and adults with subtle violaceous tint on elytra, each elytron with three slightly elongate discal spots and interval two contrastingly pale in basal half. Head behind eyes about 1.2 times more than length of eye.
Dispersal potential. These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight.
Way of life. Judging from the capture of the adults of new species, it is an arboreal species in rainforest canopies. The type and paratype were collected in February, the dry season in the Yasuní area of northeastern Ecuador. Members of this species have been recorded from the intersecting canopies of the following tree species using insecticidal fogging techniques: Lacistema nena cf.; Guatteria glaberrima cf.; Inga auristellae cf.; Iriartea deltoidea; Eschweilera coriacea cf.; Warscewiczia cordata cf.; Virola obovata; Astrocaryum murumuru var. urostachys; Protium "grand" sp. n.
Geographic distribution. (Fig. 7). This species is currently known only from the type locality in the Yasuní area of northeastern Ecuador.
Notes. The holotype is held in trust at NMNH until the completion of our Cryptobatida Group studies and then will be deposited in Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador (MHNEPN).

Summary and future directions
Most of the 144 specimens used in this study were taken from the rainforest canopy, or upper understory, using insecticidal fogging techniques, or in flight intercept traps (windowpane or malaise).
In regard to the genus Hyboptera, with adults having many similar physical attributes as those in Thoasia (Erwin and Henry 2017), recent discoveries of several new Hyboptera species in remote parts of the upper Amazon Basin suggests that further sampling in such areas will also increase the species richness of Thoasia.
As noted by Erwin and Henry (2017), "Adults of the (currently) monobasic Thoasia Liebke 1939 are exceedingly common in canopy fogging samples ; however, nothing is known about their way of life and they are only known with precise location from foggings in Perú and Ecuador, and FIT samples in French Guiana. Feeding specializations such as those hypothesized herein for adult Hyboptera and Hybopteroides and commonality of morphological attributes offer a fertile field of study on Thoasia for coleopterists eager to spend long periods of time in the rainforest canopies." Straneotia adults are very rarely collected and, so far, only by fogging the canopy. It is highly likely that many more species are yet to be discovered in the Amazonian rainforests.