An illustrated key to the Saudi Arabian species of the genus Macroocula Panfilov, 1954, with the description of a new species and the previously unknown female of M. andreai Pagliano (Hymenoptera, Bradynobaenidae, Apterogyninae)

Abstract The Saudi Arabian species of the genus Macroocula Panfilov (Bradynobaenidae, Apterogyninae) are keyed and illustrated. Eleven species were previously recorded from Arabian fauna: M. andreai Pagliano (♂), M. atuberculata Soliman & Gadallah (♂), M. khorimensis Soliman & Gadallah (♂), M. magna (Invrea) (♀), M. mahunkai (Argaman) (♂), M. nitida (Bischoff) (♂, ♀), M. ohli Pagliano (♂), M. riyadha Gadallah & Pagliano (♂), M. savignyi (Klug) (♂, ♀), M. sinaica (Invrea) (♂) and M. zulfiensis Soliman & Gadallah (♂). A new species, Macroocula asirensis Gadallah & Soliman, sp. n. (♂) from Saloos Al-Manzar, Wadi Yebah and Wadi Targ (Asir region) and the previously unknown female of M. andreai from Wadi Reem (Jazan region) are described and illustrated.

Macroocula species are mainly characterised by their peculiarly large eyes and their dull colour that are correlated with their nocturnal habits (Pagliano 2002(Pagliano , 2008. No biological studies were done concerning this genus, so the biology of the genus as well as of the whole Apterogyninae is still largely unknown. The genus Macroocula is represented in the Arabian Peninsula countries by the following number of species based on Pagliano (2002Pagliano ( , 2008Pagliano ( , 2011, Gadallah et al. (2014) and Soliman et al. (2016): Kuwait (no species records), Oman (seven species), Saudi Arabia (eleven species), United Arab Emirates (four species), and Yemen (five species).
In the present study, M. asirensis Gadallah & Soliman, sp. n. (Asir region) is described and illustrated, thus raising the total number of species to twelve. In addition, the previously unknown female of M. andreai Pagliano is described for the first time. An illustrated key to all Macoocula species known from Saudi Arabia, including the male genitalia, is provided.
The male genitalia were removed from metasoma using dissecting pins, then placed in cold NaOH 10 % for 24 hours (except in M. ohli, the photo was taken while the genitalia was still attached to the specimen) and washed in distilled water prior passing in 70-100 % ethanol series for dehydration. For photography, the genitalia were fixed in glycerin jelly on microscopic slides.
Morphological terminology is based on Pagliano (2002). Body sculpture terminology follows Harris (1979). Photographic images were taken using a Canon EOS 70D camera attached to a Leica MZ 125 stereomicroscope. Individual source images were then stacked using HeliconFocus v. 6.22 (HeliconSoft Ltd) extended depth of field software. Measurements of the different parts were made with the help of an ocular micrometer. Further image processing was done using the software Adobe Photoshop CS5.1 (v. 12.1x32). Diagnosis. Eyes bulged, hemispherical, with its diameter about 4× distance between inner eye margin and antennal tubercle in male, and equal to distance between inner eye margin and antennal tubercle in female; distance between eye and occipital carina at most equal to eye diameter in female and by less than its own diameter in male; ocelli larger than or at least as large as flagellar diameter; hind trochanter without protuberance as that of mid trochanter in most Macroocula species, except for few Egyptian and Arabian species; posterior margin of metasomal tergites without fringe of setae, except for the Arabian species M. riyadha (Pagliano 2002, 2008, Gadallah et al. 2014, 2015, Soliman et al. 2016 Head and mesosoma ferruginous-red ( Fig     9
Colour (Figs 10A-F, 11C). Head including antenna and basal half of mandible, mesosoma and first and last visible (the 7 th ) metasomal segments yellow; remaining segments of metasoma brown to black, 6 th and 7 th segments yellowish; apical half of mandible and median terminal hook reddish-brown (chestnut); palpi and legs yellow; fore tibial spur yellow, mid and hind spurs waxy white; wings hyaline, fore wing with veins pale yellow and stigma reddish. Body including legs and scape of antenna densely clothed with long, erect to suberect pale setae; S2-S6 apically with fringe of long erect setae restricted to median third of the sternites; S6 laterally with sparse, fine, pale bristles.
Head (Fig. 10A-D). Dorsally as wide as maximal width of mesosoma at mesopleuron; face and vertex finely sparsely punctate, except along inner ocular orbit punctures are denser; vertex slightly swollen postero-laterally; ocelli distinctly large; OOD about 0.4× IOD; malar space distinctly short, about 0.3× MOD; clypeus convex, with free margin straight; gena nearly smooth, with widely scattered punctures along the outer ocular orbit; mandible slender, pointed apically and edentate (simple); scape of antenna slightly shorter than wide; F1 5× as long as wide, 1.2× as long as F2; F3 as long as F2.
Genitalia (Fig. 12H). Generally densely setose, gently widened medially, about 1.9× as long as its maximal width; parameres finger-like on apical third, rounded at apex, as long as aedeagus, densely setose along its inner and outer sides as well as in the area surrounding volsella; cuspis of volsella in ventral view lobe-like, densely setose along its whole surface; digitus distinctly longer than cuspis and about 0.6× as long as aedeagus, with scattered setae on outer face.
Female. Unknown. Etymology. The species epithet asirensis refers to Asir region where the specimens were collected.
Male (Figs 4A, C, 12A). Body length 9.0-14 mm. Similar to female except for the following: Body somewhat darker, at least on metasoma, terminal hook and lateral spines dark ferruginous; mandible stouter than in female, with two minute subapical dents; antennal scape distinctly short, flagellomeres distinctly long and cylinder, F1 7.0× as long as broad, and slightly longer than F2 (1.16×); apical margin of clypeus depressed and rounded; mesopleuron foveate throughout, metapleuron horizontally rugate; fore wing with brachial cell rectangular, and equal in size to the anterior vein of cubital cell; hind wing with 7-10 hamuli; hind trochanter atuberculate, mid trochanter with large, lobe-like tubercle; metasomal T1 conical shaped, about as long as wide, both T1 and T2 with dense deep foveolation, somewhat oval in T2; T3 with longitudinal punctures that are opened and confluent with each other posteriorly giving the appearance of longitudinal ridges.
Remarks. The female of M. andreai was collected from Wadi Reem (Jazan) during its walking near to the light trap, while several tens of males were attracted to the light. It greatly resembles that of M. yemenita (Invrea), but differs in the following: body yellow (pale yellow in yemenita); frons of head smooth, impunctate, superficially punctate on lower face (frons coarsely punctate in yemenita); antennal F1 and F2 are equal-sized (F1 slightly shorter than F2 in yemenita); basitarsus with the usual three spatulate spines along outer edge (only two in yemenita).
It is also similar to M. sajia Pagliano, but differs in the following: pronotum transverse, 2.0× as wide as long (1.5× in sajia); lateral face of pronotum with few, extremely weak horizontal ridges (with vertical striae that are punctate in between in sajia); mesepimeron coarsely punctate, mesepisternum finely punctate, metapleuron smooth (meso-and metapleura with horizontal striae in sajia); T6 with distinct longitudinal interrupted ridges (T6 almost smooth, with some weak ridges towards distal margin, hardly distinct except under high magnification in sajia).