Corresponding author: Julia Shrubovych (
Academic editor: L. Deharveng
European species of
Shrubovych J, Bernard EC (2018) A key for the determination of European species of
The proturan genus
Type materials were examined of 31
The geographical distribution of these species is given according to recent published data (
Taxonomic characters used in the key are present in juvenile stages as well as the adults. The shapes of the parts of the adult female squama genitalis may have great phylogenetic value and can serve as additional characters for identification of species. The characters used in the key, such as shape of maxillary palpi, chaetotaxy of the head, shape and position of sensilla on the foretarsus and position of seta
Analysis of the geographical distribution of European
Distribution pattern of
Species | Countries | Biogeographical regions |
---|---|---|
Nearly all of Europe | Continental-Pannonian-Mediterranean | |
Poland, Czech Republic, Luxembourg, Germany, Austria, Ukraine | Continental | |
Sweden | Boreal | |
Czech Republic, Poland | Continental | |
Poland, type locality only | Continental | |
Canary Islands | Macaronesian | |
France, Spain | Mediterranean | |
Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia | Alpine-Continental | |
Austria, type locality only | Continental | |
Minorca, Serbia | Macaronesian-Continental | |
Portugal, Spain | Mediterranean | |
All Europe, North Africa | Alpine-Boreal-Continental-Pannonian-Mediterranean | |
France, Spain | Mediterranean | |
Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Slovakia | Alpine-Continental | |
Germany, type locality only | Continental | |
Germany, Poland | Continental | |
Italy, type locality only | Continental | |
Germany, Luxembourg | Continental | |
Portugal, type locality only | Mediterranean | |
Nearly all of Europe, Morocco | Alpine-Boreal-Continental-Mediterranean | |
Austria, Slovakia | Alpine | |
Poland, Ukraine | Continental | |
Czech Republic, type locality only | Continental | |
Poland, Austria | Continental | |
Portugal, type locality only | Mediterranean | |
Luxembourg, Austria | Continental | |
Poland, Austria, Germany, Luxembourg, Ukraine | Continental | |
Poland, Germany, Austria, Canary Islands, France, Ukraine | Continental-Macaronesian | |
France, Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Slovakia, Madeira | Alpine-Continental-Macaronesian | |
Macaronesia, Spain, Italy | Macaronesian-Mediterranean | |
Poland | Continental | |
Poland, type locality only | Continental | |
Austria, Poland | Continental | |
Austria, Luxembourg | Continental | |
Luxembourg | Continental | |
Austria, Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine, Romania | Alpine-Continental | |
Spain, type locality only | Mediterranean | |
Poland | Continental | |
Poland, Austria | Continental | |
Czech Republic, Poland, former Yugoslavia, Slovakia, Germany, Austria, Ukraine | Continental | |
Poland, Czech Republic, Germany | Continental | |
Italy | Mediterranean-Continental | |
Germany, Austria, Poland | Continental | |
Ukraine, type locality only | Continental | |
Balearic Islands, France, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Romania | Mediterranean-Continental | |
Luxembourg, Poland | Continental | |
Germany, Czech Republic, Poland, Luxembourg, Sweden | Boreal-Continental | |
Poland, Luxembourg, Romania | Alpine-Continental | |
European part of Russia, type locality only | Continental | |
Austria, Luxembourg, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania | Alpine - Continental | |
Germany, Luxembourg | Continental | |
Germany, Austria | Continental | |
Poland, Czech Republic | Continental | |
all Europe | Alpine-Boreal-Continental-Pannonian-Mediterranean | |
Poland | Continental | |
Luxembourg | Continental | |
Austria, type locality only | Continental | |
Poland, Czech Republic, Germany, Austria, Luxembourg, Ukraine | Continental | |
Poland, type locality only | Continental | |
Austria, Luxembourg | Continental | |
Poland, Ukraine | Continental |
The existence of at least 61 European
1 | Tergite VII with 2 |
|
– | Tergite VII with greater number of |
|
2 | Tergite IV with 8 |
|
– | Tergite IV with 10 |
|
3 | Tergite VII with 4 |
|
– | Tergite VII with other number of |
|
4 | Tergite V with 8 |
|
– | Tergite V with 10 |
|
5 | Head with |
|
– | Head with one pair or without additional setae |
|
Two species, |
||
6 | Seta |
|
– | Seta |
|
7 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
8 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
9 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Sensillum |
|
10 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
11 | Head with |
|
– | Head without additional setae, foretarsal sensillum |
|
12 | Notal seta |
|
– | Notal setae |
|
13 | Tergite VI with 8 |
|
– | Tergite VI with 6 |
|
14 | Dorsal sensillum on maxillary palpus longer than lateral sensillum, rostral and subrostral setae subequal (see |
|
– | Sensilla on maxillary palpus equal in length, rostral and subrostral setae subequal (see |
|
15 | Tergite IV with 8 |
|
– | Tergite IV with 10 |
|
16 | Tergite VI with 10 |
|
– | Tergite VI with 8 |
|
17 | Foretarsal sensilla |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
18 | Seta |
|
– | Seta |
|
19 | Foretarsal sensilla |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
20 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
21 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
22 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
23 | Sensillum |
|
– | Sensillum |
|
24 | Head with |
|
– | Head with |
|
25 | Sensilla on maxillary palpus thick, foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Sensilla on maxillary palps slender, foretarsal sensilla |
|
26 | Dorsal sensillum on maxillary palpus clearly longer than lateral sensillum (see |
|
– | Sensilla on maxillary palpus nearly equal in length (see |
|
27 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
28 | Tergite VII with 10 |
|
– | Tergite VII with fewer |
|
29 | Tergite VII with 8 |
|
– | Tergite VII with 6 |
|
30 | Sternites IX – X with 6 setae, female squama genitalis of “ |
|
– | Sternites IX – X with 4 setae, female squama genitalis of “ |
|
31 | Tergite VI with 10 |
|
– | Tergite VI with 8 |
|
32 | Sternites IX – X with 4 setae |
|
– | Sternites IX – X with 6 setae (sternite X with 4 setae in maturus junior) |
|
33 | Head with |
|
– | Head with |
|
34 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
35 | Head without additional setae |
|
– | Head with |
|
36 | Basal seta |
|
– | Basal seta |
|
37 | Basal seta |
|
– | Basal seta |
|
38 | Seta |
|
– | Seta |
|
39 | Sensilla on maxillary palps short and equal in length (see |
|
– | Maxillary sensilla long, lateral sensillum longer than dorsal |
|
40 | Notal setae |
|
– | Notal setae |
|
41 | Length ratio of notal setae |
|
– | Length ratio of notal setae |
|
42 | Sensilla on maxillary palpus nearly equal in length (see |
|
– | Lateral sensillum of maxillary palpus much longer than dorsal sensillum (see |
|
43 | Notal setae |
|
– | Notal seta |
|
44 | Seta |
|
– | Seta |
|
45 | Tracheal camerae long, slender; foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Tracheal camerae short, stocky; foretarsal sensillum |
|
46 | Seta |
|
– | Seta |
|
47 | Rostral seta thinner than subrostral seta (see |
|
– | Rostral seta thicker than subrostral seta, sensilla on maxillary palpus nearly equal, foretarsal sensillum |
|
48 | Seta |
|
– | Seta |
|
49 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
50 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
51 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
52 | Head with both |
|
– | Head with |
|
53 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
54 | Head with |
|
– | Head with |
|
55 | Lateral sensillum on maxillary palpus clearly longer than dorsal, spatulate dilation on foretarsal sensilla |
|
– | Sensilla on maxillary palps nearly equal in length, spatulate dilation on foretarsal sensilla |
|
56 | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
– | Foretarsal sensillum |
|
57 | Sternites IX – X with 4 setae |
|
– | Sternites IX – X with 6 setae, head with |
|
58 | Head without additional setae ( |
|
– | Head with |
|
59 | Head with both |
|
– | Head with only |
|
The authors are grateful to Prof. Josef Rusek for his valuable comments on taxonomy and to Jakub Sternalski for his help with preparation this manuscript. We also thank the peer reviewers, Loris Galli and Yun Bu, and subject editor Louis Deharveng for their valuable remarks and corrections of the text.