Corresponding author: Hong Wu (
Academic editor: Chris Thompson
Seven species of Keilbachia Mohrig are recognized, and among them, two new species, Keilbachia subacumina Wu & Zhang, sp. n. and Keilbachia fengyangensis Wu & Zhang, sp. n. are described and illustrated. Five species, Keilbachia orthonema, Keilbachia flagrispina, Keilbachia demssia, Keilbachia oligonema and Keilbachia acumina are reported for the first time from China. A key to the 15 Chinese species of this genus is also provided.
The genus
In this study, seven species of
All specimens were collected by sweeping in the field and preserved in 75% ethanol. They were mounted on glass slides in xylol-based Canada balsam after clearing in creosote. The heads of specimens from Yunnan province were bleached in 10% NaOH for about 24 hours at room temperature. The specimens were observed and measured under a Nikon SMZ1500 stereoscopic microscope. The illustrations were prepared under a Nikon Eclipse 50i optical microscope, with an attached drawing tube. The terminology follows
1. | Gonostylus with subapical megasetae | 3 |
– | Gonostylus with no subapical megasetae | 2 |
2. | Gonostylus with one mesial megaseta |
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– | Gonostylus with two mesial megasetae |
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3. | Gonostylus with one or two subapical megasetae | 5 |
– | Gonostylus with three or more subapical megasetae | 4 |
4. | Gonostylus with one mesial megaseta on middle and another one at the base of gonostylus |
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– | Gonostylus with only one mesial megaseta at the base of gonostylus |
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5. | Gonostylus with two subapical megasetae |
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– | Gonostylus with two subapical megasetae | 6 |
6. | Mesial megaseta of gonostylus short, shorter than maximal width of gonostylus |
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– | Mesial megaseta of gonostylus long, at least as long as maximal width of gonostylus | 7 |
7. | Subapical megasetae of gonostylus close to each other, both at apical fourth of gonostylus | 11 |
– | Subapical megasetae of gonostylus widely apart, basal most one at apical third or apical half of gonostylus | 8 |
8. | Tegmen modified, slightly broader subbasally than subapically |
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– | Tegmen simple, much broader subbasally than subapically | 9 |
9. | Basal body of mesial megaseta of gonostylus long and slender |
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– | Basal body of mesial megaseta of gonostylus short and stout | 10 |
10. | Basalmost subapical megasetae at apical half of gonostylus ( |
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– | Basalmost subapical megasetae at apical third of gonostylus ( |
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11. | Subapical megasetae of gonostylus subequal in size | 13 |
– | Subapical megasetae of gonostylus not equal in size | 12 |
12. | Apicalmost subapical megaseta of gonostylus slender |
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– | Apicalmost subapical megaseta of gonostylus stout |
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13. | Apex of gonostylus rounded and broad |
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– | Apex of gonostylus pointed and | 14 |
14. | Mesial megaseta of gonostylus long and strongly curved ( |
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– | Mesial megaseta short and slightly curved |
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(Male). Body length 1.64–1.71mm; wing length 1.36–1.41mm.
Eye bridge 3–4 facets wide. Length/width of 4th flagellomere 2.19–2.32.
Anterior pronotum with 5–6 setae. Episternum 1 with 3–4 setae.
c/w 0.69–0.72, R1/R 0.71–0.76, r-m with one seta.
The mesial megaseta on gonostylus very long and curved, nearly three times as long as the width of gonostylus. The basal body of mesial megaseta is not distinct. Tegmen simple, much broader subbasally than subapically.
China, Yunnan, Baoshan, Mts. Gaoligongshan, 24°49.729'N; 98°46.074'E, sweep-net 11.V.2009. 4 males, Man-Man Wang [SM00878–00880, SM00882] (ZAFU); 3 males, Su-Jiong, Zhang [SM00886, SM00902–00903] (ZAFU).
China (Yunnan), Myammar, Nepal.
Unknown.
This species is new to China, which was firstly described from Nepal, based on two males. It is similar to
(Male). Body length 1.73–1.78 mm; wing length 1.47–1.49 mm.
Eye bridge 3–4 facets wide. Prefrons with 10–12 setae. Length/width of 4th flagellomere 2.17–2.41.
Anterior pronotum with 5–6 setae. Episternum 1 with 7–8 setae.
Length of spur/width of fore tibia 1.20–1.27. Length of metatibia /length of thorax 1.05–1.12.
c/w 0.62–0.64, R1/R 0.52–0.56, r-m with no setae.
The mesial megaseta on gonostylus long and slightly curved, basal body long. Tegmen simple, much broader subbasally than subapically.
China, Yunnan, Baoshan, Mts. Gaoligongshan, 24°49.729'N; 98°46.074'E, sweep-net, 11.V.2009. 6 males, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00856, SM00859, SM00862, SM00869, SM00875, SM00881] (ZAFU); 1 male, Man-Man Wang [SM00888] (ZAFU).
China (Yunnan), Burma.
Unknown.
This species is new to China, which was firstly described from Burma based on seven males. It is similar to
(Male). Body length 1.76–1.82 mm; wing length 1.35–1.37 mm.
Eye bridge 3–4 facets wide. Prefrons with 9–11 setae. Length/width of 4th flagellomere 2.47–2.53.
Anterior pronotum with 4–5 setae. Episternum 1 with 5–6 setae.
Length of spur/width of protibia 1.76–1.81. c/w 0.79–0.82, R1/R 0.71–0.73, r-m with 0–1 seta.
The mesial megaseta on gonostylus short and straight, slightly longer than its basal body. Two slender megasetae at apical forth of gonostylus. Tegmen slightly broader subbasally than subapically.
China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Tongbiguan, 24°36.004'N; 97°39.139'E, sweep-net, 20.V.2009. 6 males, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00657–00658, SM00663–00664, SM00670, SM00680] (ZAFU); 3 males, Man-Man Wang [SM00653, SM00666–00667] (ZAFU).
China (Yunnan), Malaysia.
Unknown.
This species is new to China, which was firstly described from Sabah, Malaysia, based on two male specimens. It is similar to
(Male). Body length 1.51–1.57 mm; wing length 1.25–1.28 mm.
Eye bridge three facets wide. Prefrons with 3–5 setae. Length/width of 4th flagellomere 2.35–2.71.
Anterior pronotum with 3–4 setae. Episternum 1 with 4–5 setae.
Length of spur/width of protibia 1.55–1.57.
c/w 0.64–0.65, R1/R 0.72–0.75, r-m with no setae.
Gonostylus with two megasetae widely apart, one at subapical and stout, the other at apical third and slender (
1 male, China, Zhejiang, Linan, Mt. Xijingshan, 30°23'N; 119°72'E, sweep-net, 21.VI.2008, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00018] (ZAFU); 1 male, China, Zhejiang, Lishui, Mt. Jiulongshan, 28°59'N; 119°25'E, sweep-net, 10.X.2008, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00114] (ZAFU); 1 male, Yunnan, Tengchong, Shaba, Mt. Tiantaishan, 25°24.524'N; 98°42.735'E, sweep-net, 13.V.2009, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00933] (ZAFU).
China (Zhejiang, Yunnan), Japan.
Unknown.
The species is similar to
(Male). Body length 1.81–2.32 mm; wing length 1.49–1.52 mm.
Color. Head, thorax and abdomen brown; antenna, palpus, coxae, and hypopygium yellowish-brown; leg yellow; wing fumose.
Head (
Thorax. Anterior pronotum with 5–6 setae. Episternum 1 with 6–7 setae.
Legs. Apex of protibia (
Wings.Width/length 0.44–0.49. c/w 0.71–0.77, R1/R 0.96–0.98. r-m with 1–2 setae.
Abdomen. Sternite 8 with 10–11 setae. Gonostylus and gonocoxa subequal in length. Gonostylus with two megasetae widely apart, one at apex and stout, the other at apical half of gonostylus and slender. Basal third of gonostylus excavated, with a long and strongly curved mesial megaseta on broad basal body. Tegmen simple, much broader subbasally than subapically, with sparsely placed teeth. (
1–5,
Holotype, male. China, Zhejiang, Linan, Mt. Xijingshan, 30°23'N; 119°72'E, sweep-net, 21.VI.2008, Su-Jiong Zhang [SM00025] (ZAFU). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype [SM00018, SM00024] (ZAFU); 5 males, same data as holotype but 19.VII.2008 [SM00057–00061] (ZAFU). China, Zhejiang, Lishui, Mt. Fengyangshan, 28°04'N; 119°08'E. sweep-net, 3 males, 11.VIII.2008, Sheng-Long Liu [SM00282] (ZAFU); 1 male, 24.VIII.2008, Sheng-Long Liu [SM00231–00233] (ZAFU); 1 male, 01.VIII.2008, Xiao-Ling Niu [SM00306] (ZAFU). 1 male, China, Zhejiang, Lishui, Mt. Jiulongshan, 28°59'N; 119°25'E, sweep-net, 10.X.2008, Su-Jiong Zhang, [SM00114] (ZAFU).
Unknown.
This species is very similar to
(Male). Body length 2.31–2.48 mm; wing length 1.92–1.94 mm.
Color. Head, thorax and abdomen brown; antenna, palpus, coxae, legs and hypopygium yellowish-brown; wing fumose.
Head (
Thorax. Anterior pronotum with 4 setae, episternum 1 with 5–6 setae.
Legs. Apex of protibia (
Wings. Width/length 0.45–0.47. c/w 0.62–0.69; R1/R 0.83–0.91. r-m with one seta.
Abdomen. Sternite 8 with nine setae. Gonostylus longer than gonocoxa, slightly curved, with two slender apical and subapical megaseta. The basal third of gonostylus with a long and curved mesial megaseta on a narrow and short basal body. Tegmen higher than broad, with sparse placed teeth (
Holotype, male. China, Zhejiang, Lishui, Mt. Fengyangshan, 28°04'N; 119°08'E, sweep-net, 26.IV.2008, Sheng-Long Liu [SM00342] (ZAFU). Paratypes. 2 males, same data as holotype [SM00335, SM00338] (ZAFU); 1 male, same data as holotype but 19.IV.2008 [SM00346] (ZAFU).
Unknown.
This species is found only from Mt. Fengyangshan, Zhejiang. It is similar to
(Male). Body length 1.71 mm; wing length 1.66 mm.
Eye bridge four facets wide. Prefrons with nine setae. Length/width of 4th flagellomere 3.30.
Anterior pronotum with five setae, episternum 1 with three setae.
Apex of protibia. Length of spur/width of protibia 1.48.
Width/length 0.40, c/w 0.73, R1/R 0.87. r-m with no setae.
Gonocoxa ventrally with a slight indication of an intercoxal lobe. Gonostylus nearly as long as gonocoxa, with no apical and subapical megaseta. The basal third of gonostylus excavated, with two long and curved mesial megaseta on a broad basal body. Tegmen simple, much broader subbasally than subapically.
1 male. China, Yunnan, Tengchong, Dahaoping, 24°55'N; 98°45'E, sweep-net, 22.V.2009, Man-Man Wang, [SM00757] (ZAFU).
China (Yunnan), Burma.
Unknown.
The gonostylus of
We wish to express our sincere thanks to Dr. Heikki Hippa (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm), Dr. Pekka Vilkamaa (Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki), Dr. Frank Menzel (Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg) and Dr. Werner Mohrig (Poseritz, Germany) for their kind cooperation and generous help. Special thanks are given to Dr. Hippa for his advice to improve the text. We also thank the collectors of the materials examined, Manman Wang from Zhejiang University and Shenglong Liu from Fengyangshan National Nature Reserve. This study was supported by NSFC grant 30870334.