Two new species of the bamboo-feeding planthopper genus Bambusiphaga Huang & Ding from China (Hemiptera, Fulgoromorpha, Delphacidae)

Abstract Two new species of the bamboo-feeding genus Bambusiphaga Huang & Ding, 1979, B. yingjiangensis sp. n. and B. ventroprocessa sp. n., are described and illustrated from Yunnan and Hainan, south China. A key to species of the genus are given. A map showing the geographic distribution of the two new species is also provided.

Herein, two new species of Bambusiphaga, B. yingjiangensis sp. n. and B. ventroprocessa sp. n., are described and illustrated from Yunnan and Hainan respectively.

Materials and methods
Dry male specimens were used for the description and illustration. External morphology was observed under a stereoscopic microscope and characters were measured with an ocular micrometer. Color pictures for adult habitus were obtained by KEYENCE VHX-1000 system. The genital segments of the examined specimens were macerated in 10% KOH and drawn from preparations in glycerin jelly using a Leica MZ 12.5 stereomicroscope. Illustrations were scanned with Canon CanoScan LiDE 200 and imported into Adobe Photoshop 6.0 for labeling and plate composition.
Terminology of morphological and measurements follow Yang and Yang (1986), Chen and Liang (2007), and the morphological terminology of female genitalia follows Bourgoin (1993). Measurements of body length equal the distance between the apex of vertex and tip of tegmen. All measurements are in millimeters (mm).
The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (IEGU).
Description. Coloration. General color light yellow with dark brown markings (Figs 1-2). Vertex, frons, genae, clypeus and antennae light yellow (Figs 1-7). Eyes reddish brown, ocelli red (Figs 5, 7). Pronotum (Figs 3-4) light yellow to yellowish white, outside of each lateral carina with a large dark brown marking. Mesonotum (Figs 3-4) light yellow, outside of each lateral carina with two large dark brown markings, middle area with two small bilateral dark brown markings at apical 1/3, the scutellum with apex dark brown. Forewings (Fig. 8) hyaline, with a large irregular pale brown stripe along transverse vein hence bending along posterior margin to apex, another large pale brown transverse marking from vein Rs+M 1 to apex of vein Sc 2 . Hindwings (Fig. 9) with a pale brown longitudinal stripe along apical margin. Head and thorax. Vertex with anterior margin broadly rounded, lateral and submedian carinae distinct, ratio width at base to width at apex 1.4, ratio of length to width at base 0.5 (Figs 3-4). Frons with ratio of length at midline to width at widest part 2.2, widest at apex, median carina forked at base (Figs 5-6). Base of postclypeus as wide apex of frons (Figs 5-6). Antennae with basal segment long equal to wide, shorter than second segment (0.4: 1), two segments together reaching to frontoclypeal suture (Figs 5-6). Pronotum with ratio length in midline to length of vertex 1.7 (Figs 3-4). Mesonotum 2.5 times as long as vertex and pronotum combined in middle line (Figs 3-4). Forewings (Fig 8) longer in middle line than broad at widest part (2.6: 1), apical margin rounded.
Remarks. This new species resembles B. nigropunctata Huang & Ding, 1979, but differs from the latter by: lateral areas of pronotum and mesonotum with several dark brown markings (without dark brown marking in nigropunctata); genital styles forked apically (genital styles not forked apically in nigropunctata); aedeagus with three branches subapically (aedeagus with two branches apically in nigropunctata).
This new species is also similar to B. taiwanensis (Muir, 1917) and can be distinguished by: lateral areas of pronotum and mesonotum with several dark brown markings (without dark brown marking in taiwanensis); genital styles forked apically (genital styles not forked apically in taiwanensis); aedeagus with three branches without tooth (aedeagus with several small teeth on dorsal and lateral sides of the main branch in taiwanensis).
Based on the characters of male genitalia, this species should belong to the nigropunctata group.  Etymology. The specific name is a combination of the Latin word venter (truncated, with o-connecting vowel), meaning belly, ventral; and the Latin word processus, meant in the modern biological sense of a projection or appendage, truncated with the feminine termination -a.  Diagnosis. The salient features of the new species include the following: forewings with two large black markings at base (Fig. 29); pygofer with mediovental process large and inversed (Fig. 32); aedeagus with numerous inversed spines at apical 1/2 (Fig. 36).
Head and thorax. Vertex (Figs 24-25) with anterior margin angled convex medially, Y-shaped carina with stalk absent, ratio of length to width at base 0.9, ratio width at base to width at apex 1.4. Frons (Figs 26-27) with ratio of length in middle line to width at widest 2.6, widest at apex, median carina simple and obscure apically. Clypeus  with width at base as same as frons at apex. Antennae  with basal segment subequal to broad, shorter than second segment (1.0: 3.0), reaching to frontoclypeal suture. Pronotum (Figs 24-25) with carinae distinct, lateral carinae attaining hind margin, length in midline as long as vertex. Mesonotum  with lateral carinae straight, subparallel, attaining hind margin, median carina obscured apically, ratio length to pronotum and vertex combined in middle line 1.3. Forewings (Fig. 29) with radio of length in middle line to width at widest part 2.5, apical margin rounded. Hindwings (Fig. 30) elongate. Male genitalia. Pygofer in posterior view (Fig. 32) with medioventral process large and inversed, opening longer than wide, lateral margins sinuate; in lateral view (Fig.  33) dorsal margin shorter than ventral margin distinctly, posterior margin concave. Aedeagus (Fig. 36) stout, tubular, apical 1/2 with numerous inversed spines. Genital styles (Fig. 35) moderately long, tapering apically. Anal segment (Fig. 31) short, ringlike, ventral margin without process.
Remarks. This species is similar to B. kunmingensis Yang & Chen, 2011, but can be distinguished by the basal area of forewing with two dark brown markings (forewing with basal 1/3 full dark brown in kunmingensis); the mediovental process of pygofer large (without mediovental process in kunmingensis); the aedeagus without phallobase (phallobase arising from base of aedeagus, as long as aedeagus in kunmingensis).
This new species is also similar to B. basifusca Hou & Chen, 2010, but can be distinguished by the ventral margin of anal segment without process (ventral margin of anal segment with a long process in basifusca); the ventral margin of pygofer with a medioventral process (ventral margin of pygofer with three medioventral processes in basifusca); and the aedeagus without phallobase (aedeagus with phallobase in basifusca).
Based on the characters of male genitalia, this species should belong to the kunmingensis group.