Details of transverse bulge, ‘bottle-shaped’ epidermal glandular shafts and median spine field of the epipharynx of Lithobiidae. ALithobius (Lithobius) macilentus; single transverse bulge with smooth surface (see Fig. 4A) and non-parallel aligned margins; one row of ‘bottle-shaped’ epidermal glandular shafts medially with a transition to two rows laterally (see Fig. 4A); weak transverse furrow distally to the transverse bulge (arrow); laterally widening median spine field BLithobius (Lithobius) piceus; weak transverse furrow (arrow) distally to the single transverse bulge (non-parallel margins); irregular two rows of ‘bottle-shaped’ epidermal glandular shafts; subequal width medially and laterally of median spine field CLithobius (Lithobius) lucifugus; distal and proximal transverse bulges with surface striation (see Fig. 4B–C) DEupolybothrus (Eupolybothrus) grossipes; distal and proximal transverse bulges; medially widening median spine field. bu – transverse bulge, bud – distal transverse bulge, bup – proximal transverse bulge, gl – ‘bottle-shaped’ epidermal glandular shafts, msp – median spine field.