Review of Stantonia Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Orgilinae) from Vietnam, China, Japan, and Russia, with descriptions of six new species

Abstract The genus Stantonia Ashmead, 1904 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Orgilinae) is reviewed for Vietnam, China, Japan, and Russia. Six new species of the genus Stantonia are described and illustrated: Stantonia brevicaudata van Achterberg, sp. n., S. dickyyui van Achterberg & Long, sp. n., S. granulata Long & van Achterberg, sp. n., S. robustifemur van Achterberg & Long, sp. n., S. stilpnosoma Long & van Achterberg, sp. n., and S. vietnamica van Achterberg, sp. n. A new subgenus (Planitonia subg. n.: type species Stantonia robustifemur van Achterberg & Long, sp. n.) is proposed for the species with a flat clypeus and face, and reduced vein r-m of the fore wing. Three species are newly recorded from Vietnam: Stantonia gracilis van Achterberg, 1987, S. sumatrana Enderlein, 1908, and S. tianmushana Chen, He & Ma, 2004. A key to species of Stantonia from Vietnam, China, Russia, and Japan is provided.


Introduction
Members of the small subfamily Orgilinae Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) are comparatively rarely collected and little is known about their biology (Shaw and Huddleston 1991). As far known, all species are solitary koinobiont endoparasitoids mainly in concealed lepidopteran larvae. The subfamily is subdivided into three tribes: Antestrigini van Achterberg, 1987 (Neotropical), Mimagathidini Enderlein, 1905 (Neotropical (including Central America and southern U.S.A.), Afrotropical, Indo-Australian, NE Palaearctic) and Orgilini Ashmead, 1900 (cosmopolitan). The tribe Mimagathidini consists mainly of the genus Stantonia Ashmead, 1904, with 75 valid species of which 31 occur in the Oriental region (Braet and Quicke 2004). Four of the Oriental species intrude in the NE Palaearctic region and are included in the review; the only species known from Far East Russia may belong to an Oriental species but without having females available this remains still uncertain. The genus was revised by van Achterberg (1987; Indo-Australian spp.), Braet and Quicke (2004;worldwide), and Chen et al. (2004;for China). In this paper some new species are described, the interpretation of some species are corrected, and a new identification key for the species from Vietnam, China, Japan, and Russia is presented.

Materials and methods
The specimens were mainly collected in Malaise traps, but a few by using a sweep net. The material was stored in 70% ethanol, prepared with the AXA method (van Achterberg 2009;van Achterberg et al. 2010) and glued on card points. Observations and descriptions were made with an Olympus SZX11 stereomicroscope and fluorescent lamps. Photographic images were made with an Olympus motorized stereomicroscope SZX12 with AnalySIS Extended Focal Imaging Software and processed with Adobe Photoshop CC, mostly to adjust the size and background. The photographs of the types deposited in Vietnam were made by KDL with a Digital microscope camera MVV3000 attached to the Olympus SZ61 binocular microscope connecting to a computer at IEBR.
Morphology. For terminology used in this paper, see van Achterberg (1988van Achterberg ( , 1993. Measurements are taken as indicated by van Achterberg (1988). Additional non-exclusive characters in the key are between brackets. For the identification of the subfamily Orgilinae, see van Achterberg (1993) and for the genera of Orgilinae, van Achterberg (1994).
Notes. Holotype of S. annulicornis from Myanmar has the middle coxa largely black (mainly brown to black in Vietnamese specimens), the propodeum finely punctate (variable in Vietnamese specimens, but often largely smooth) and the tegulum pale yellowish (pale yellowish brown to brown in Vietnamese specimens).  Diagnosis. Antenna of ♀ 1.8 times as long as fore wing and largely brown (Fig. 4); apical antennal segments of both sexes 1.5-1.7 times as long as wide; vertex rather densely punctate and yellowish brown, but stemmaticum largely darkened (Fig. 12); mesosoma entirely pale brownish yellow; area below precoxal suture finely spaced punctate; tegulum and humeral plate entirely pale yellowish; propodeum with coarse transverse rugae; vein CU1b of fore wing strongly oblique and distinctly diverging from vein cu-a, short (Fig.  6); fore wing with apical part more or less infuscated (Fig. 6); ventrally hind femur mainly coriaceous, except some rugulae, matt (as outer side) and entirely yellowish brown; third and fourth segments of middle tarsus ivory or pale brown; apex of hind coxa yellowish brown dorsally; apex of hind basitarsus white or ivory (as more or less of second segment); third-fifth hind tarsal segment dark brown; first tergite of ♀ approx. 2.5 (of ♂ 2.6) times as long as its apical width and more or less widened apically; apex (and of ♂ also base) of first tergite and base of second tergite infuscate or dark brown (Fig. 9); second tergite largely smooth; second epipleuron entirely yellow; length of ovipositor sheath 0.2 times as long as fore wing and 0.3 times as long as metasoma; length of fore wing 4-5 mm.
Head. Antenna with 49 segments and 1.8 times as long as fore wing; middle antennal segments with distinct false division medially and 1.8 times as long as wide; third, fourth and penultimate antennal segments 3.6, 2.6 and 1.7 times as long as wide, respectively, and third segment 1.4 times as long as fourth segment; width of face equal to height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 11); maxillary palp approximately as long as height of head; clypeus distinctly convex (Fig. 11); malar space 1.2 times as long as mandible width; distance between tentorial pits 1.8 times as long as distance between pit and eye margin; in anterior view length of eye 1.8 times as long as wide; in dorsal view length of eye 2.6 times as long as temple; POL:OD:OOL = 3:3:6; distance between anterior and lateral ocellus 0.7 times OD (Fig. 12); face remotely and rather coarsely punctate and medium-sized setae; vertex finely remotely punctate and directly behind stemmaticum depressed; temple matt and with indistinct micro-sculpture; occipital flange wide lamelliform.
Legs. Ventrally hind femur mainly coriaceous, except some rugulae, matt (as outer side); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of middle leg 7.4, 11.9 and 11.6 times as long as their width, respectively; inner and outer middle tibial spurs 0.55 and 0.40 times as long as basitarsus; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.0, 7.7 and 6.8 times their width, respectively; inner and outer hind tibial spurs 0.5 and 0.4 times as long as basitarsus, respectively.
Metasoma. First tergite gradually widened ( Fig. 9), 2.5 times as long as its apical width, its surface largely smooth, rather dull and apically slightly micro-sculptured; second tergite smooth (except some punctures), elongate, 1.5 times longer than its basal width and rather dull; second suture straight and area behind rather flat; length of ovipositor sheath 0.17 times as long as fore wing and 0.3 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 4).
Colour. Yellowish brown dorsally and remainder (including tegulum and humeral plate) pale yellowish, but antenna (except scapus and pedicellus) and ovipositor sheath brown, apex of first tergite, base of second tergite, telotarsi, apex of hind femur, apex of middle tibia, apical 0.4 of hind tibia, third and fourth hind tarsal segments, dark brown; hind basitarsus and second tarsal segment ivory, but apex of latter slightly infuscated (Fig. 10); apex of fore wing moderately darkened and remainder subhyaline (Fig. 6); veins and pterostigma dark brown.
Male. Body length 4.5 mm, fore wing length 4.2 mm; length of first metasomal tergite 2.6 times its apical width.
Distribution. Vietnam (Ha Tinh, Vu Quang N.P.; Ninh Thuân, Núi Chúa N.P.; Dak Lak, Chu Yang Sin N.P.; Dông Nai, Cát Tiên N.P.). Diagnosis. Antenna of ♀ 1.6-1.7 times as long as fore wing and largely dark brown; frons with pair of dark brown spots posteriorly; vertex yellowish brown and strongly punctate, with interspaces approximately as wide as punctures or less; area below precoxal suture finely punctate; mesosoma yellowish brown, but lateral lobes of mesoscutum dark brown medially; mesoscutum and scutellum distinctly punctate; tegulum brownish yellow, but infuscate apically; propodeum rugose medially and remainder nearly smooth; fore wing infuscated apically; third segment of middle tarsus yellow or dark brown; outer side of hind femur rather shiny, parallel-sided and slender (Fig. 16); ventrally hind femur shiny and finely rugulose, and nearly entirely yellowishbrown; apex of hind basitarsus, third and fourth hind tarsal segments dark brown, similar to dark telotarsus; first tergite 2.7-3.0 times as long as wide apically; second epipleuron of metasoma entirely yellow; second metasomal suture straight; length of ovipositor sheath 0.17-0.21 times as long as fore wing and 0.2-0.3 times as long as metasoma; length of fore wing 4-6 mm.

Stantonia chaoi Chen, He & Ma, 2004
Distribution. China (Yunnan), Vietnam (Hoa Binh (Long and van Achterberg 2014); Tuyen Quang (Na Hang); Hoa Binh (Cao Phong, Kim Boi, Mai Chau, Yen Thuy); Ninh Binh (Cuc Phuong); Ha Tinh (Huong Son); Quang Nam (Dong Giang)). Diagnosis. Apical half of antenna of both sexes with band of 6-9 ivory or white segments; anterior tentorial pits distinctly below lower level of eyes and malar space comparatively long (Fig. 19); tegulum brown or dark brown; mesosoma at least largely black or dark brown; anterior half of propodeum distinctly punctate; basal half of hind coxa reticulate-punctate dorsally hind femur (except basally) and more or less middle coxa black or dark brown dorsally; hind tarsus moderately bristly setose and (except basally and apically) whitish or ivory; infuscation of apex of fore wing occupies most of apex of fore wing (Fig. 17); first metasomal tergite approx. 4.3 times as long as wide; second metasomal tergite yellowish; epipleuron of second metasomal tergite with a dark brown or brown spot; length of ovipositor sheath 0.6 times as long as fore wing; length of fore wing 8-9 mm.
Head. Antenna with 58 segments and 1.7 times as long as fore wing; third, fourth and penultimate antennal segments 3.8, 2.4 and 2.1 times as long as wide, respectively, and third segment 1.6 times as long as fourth segment; width of face 0.9 times height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 31); maxillary palp 1.6 times as long as height of head; clypeus convex dorsally and flattened ventrally, remotely finely punctate (Fig.  31); malar space as long as basal width of mandible; distance between large tentorial pits twice as long as distance between pit and eye margin; in anterior view length of eye 2.3 times as long as wide; in dorsal view length of eye 3.6 times as long as temple and temple directly narrowed behind eye; POL:OD:OOL = 8:10:21; distance between anterior and lateral ocellus 0.6 times OD (Fig. 32); face moderately convex, remotely punctulate, and with long setae; frons laterally and vertex remotely finely punctate (interspaces much wider than punctures), interspaces smooth and area directly behind stemmaticum depressed; frons medially smooth; stemmaticum strongly protruding; temple with satin sheen and mainly granulate, dorsally with some rugulae; occipital flange wide lamelliform.
Legs. Hind coxa with coarse curved rugae dorsally and shiny (Fig. 25); ventrally hind femur shiny and remotely finely punctate, long setose; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of middle leg 7.4, 12.5 and 11.9 times as long as their width, respectively; inner and outer middle tibial spurs 0.50 and 0.35 times as long as basitarsus; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.3, 10.4 and 7.0 times their width, respectively; hind basitarsus rather erect setose; inner and outer hind tibial spurs 0.55 and 0.40 times as long as basitarsus, respectively.
Metasoma. First tergite distinctly narrowed behind spiracles (Fig. 27), 3.6 times as long as its apical width, its surface superficially finely granulate subapically and shiny; second tergite convex and smooth anteriorly, remainder smooth and shiny, 1.6 times longer than its basal width; second suture curved and medial area behind it convex; ovipositor sheath 0.49 times as long as fore wing and 0.9 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 23).
Colour. Yellowish brown; inner half of humeral plate yellowish brown, remainder of plate and tegulum brownish yellow; outer side of scapus and pedicellus, stemmaticum, pterostigma, hind tibial spurs, apex of hind basitarsus and base of second hind tarsal segment brown; apical half of antenna, remainder of hind tarsus, fore and middle telotarsi, fourth middle tarsal segment, apical 0.2 of hind tibia and ovipositor sheath dark brown; frons, face, clypeus, palpi, scapus and pedicellus ventrally, remainder of fore and middle legs, meso-and metasoma laterally and ventrally pale yellowish; apex of fore wing darkened and remainder subhyaline (Fig. 24); veins dark brown.
Etymology. Named after Dr Dicky Sick Ki Yu (Nepean, Canada) for creating Taxapad, the excellent and enormous database on parasitoid Hymenoptera. Nowadays, it is hardly imaginable to study successfully Braconidae without the help of this database. Diagnosis. Antenna of ♀ dark brown basally followed by pale brownish or ivory segments, resulting in a pale submedial band ( Fig. 36; less clearly defined in ♂); vertex rather coarsely and densely punctate and largely dark brown or black; anteriorly precoxal sulcus below crenulae sparsely punctulate or spaced punctate; mesosoma yellow with black spots; tegulum blackish; mesopleuron yellowish ventrally and finely punctate; propodeum rugose medially but anteriorly largely smooth; hind tarsus pale yellow or white but base of basitarsus and telotarsus dark brown; ventrally hind femur coarsely reticulate-rugose, densely sculptured and rather matt; ventrally basal 0.6 of hind femur yellow; hind femur 6 times longer than wide; ventrally basal 0.2-0.4 of hind femur yellow; epipleuron of second tergite with elongate triangular dark brown patch; second metasomal tergite with weak triangular basal elevation length of ovipositor sheath 0.4-0.5 times as long as fore wing and approximately as long as metasoma or slightly shorter; length of fore wing 3.7-5.2 mm.
Head. Antenna incomplete, with 37 segments remaining; ventral length of scapus 2.3 times its maximum width; middle antennal segments 1.7-1.8 times as long as wide; third segment 1.2 times as long as fourth segment; width of face as long as height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 43); maxillary palp nearly as long as height of head (30:31); clypeus distinctly convex (Fig. 43); malar space 1.75 times as long as mandible width (Fig. 45); distance between tentorial pits twice as long as distance between pit and eye margin; in anterior view length of eye 1.5 times as long as wide; in lateral view, width of eye 2.6 times temple; in dorsal view length of eye 2.8 times as long as temple; occipital carina broadly absent dorsally; ocelli large, POL:OD:OOL = 3:4:7; distance between anterior and lateral ocellus 0.5 times OD (Fig. 44); face largely punctate; vertex and temple finely punctate.
Legs. Hind coxa rugose dorsally, finely granulate laterally; length of femur and tibia of middle leg 6.6 and 10.4 times as long as their width, respectively; basitarsus Metasoma. First tergite slightly narrowed behind spiracles (Fig. 41), 2.1 times as long as its apical width, its surface finely granulate and 1.8 times as long as propodeum; second metasomal suture straight; second tergite parallel-sided, 1.15 times longer than third tergite; first and second metasomal tergites finely and densely granulate; third tergite granulate basally, punctate medially and smooth apically; ovipositor sheath 0.50 times fore wing and as long as metasoma; ovipositor thick (Fig. 37).
Colour. Yellow; antenna brownish yellow basally, dark brown apically; fore and middle legs yellow; hind leg yellow but telotarsus and apex of hind tibia dark brown, hind basitarsus yellow basally, remainder of hind tarsus white.
Male. Unknown; but two very similar males are present in VNMN (Orgi.086&087, NE Vietnam, Cao Bang; Trung Khanh, Cao Thang, MT 21-29.iv.2012, N.Q. Truong). They differ by having the body surface shinier and its sculpture less pronounced (propodeum rugulose-granulate, first-second metasomal tergites superficially granulate and sparsely punctate, and hind coxa more or less punctate laterally) and vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial.

Stantonia issikii
Very similar to S. xiangqianensis as indicated in the original description, but differs mainly by small colour differences and the relative length of vein r of the fore wing. The variation of these characters is unknown for both species and only large series may prove the validity of S. xiangqianensis.
Head. Antenna broken; third and fourth antennal segments 3.2 and 2.7 times as long as wide, respectively, and third segment 1.2 times as long as fourth segment; width of face 0.9 times height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 54); maxillary palp 1.6 times as long as height of head; clypeus distinctly convex (Fig. 54); malar space 1.2 times as long as mandible width; distance between large tentorial pits twice as long as distance between pit and eye margin; in anterior view length of eye 2.7 times as long as wide; in dorsal view length of eye 2.4 times as long as temple; POL:OD:OOL = 9:10:17; distance between anterior and lateral ocellus 0.6 times OD (Fig. 55); face remotely and moderately punctate and long setae; vertex remotely punctate, wide interspaces smooth and area directly behind stemmaticum depressed; temple with satin sheen and with mainly coriaceous; occipital flange wide lamelliform.
Legs. Hind coxa largely and densely rugose dorsally, only posteriorly transversely striate; ventrally hind femur shiny, basally rugulose and apically largely smooth; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of middle leg 7.0, 12.6 and 12.4 times as long as their width, respectively; inner and outer middle tibial spurs 0.40 and 0.35 times as long as basitarsus; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.2, 8.5 and 6.8 times their width, respectively; hind basitarsus rather adpressed; inner and outer hind tibial spurs 0.40 and 0.35 times as long as basitarsus, respectively.
Metasoma. First tergite slightly narrowed behind spiracles (Fig. 50), 3.7 times as long as its apical width, its surface smooth and shiny; second tergite convex anteriorly, smooth (except some punctures), elongate, 1.8 times longer than its basal width and shiny; second suture curved and medial area behind it convex; ovipositor sheath missing, considering length of ovipositor approx. 0.6 times as long as fore wing and approximately as long as metasoma (Fig. 46).
Colour. Yellowish brown; inner half of humeral plate dark brown, remainder of plate, tegulum and tibial spurs yellowish brown; basal segments of antenna (except scapus and pedicellus) dorsally dark brown and ventrally brownish yellow; outer side of scapus and pedicellus partly dark brown; face, clypeus, palpi and hind tibia (except apical third) rather pale yellowish; stemmaticum dark brown; apical third of hind tibia and telotarsi dark brown; remainder of hind tarsus ivory (Fig. 52); apex of fore wing moderately darkened and remainder subhyaline (Fig. 47); veins and pterostigma dark brown.
Notes. This species was reported from Papua New Guinea by Braet and Quicke (2004) with a question mark, but this concerns another species. The holotype differs by having distinctly rugose hind coxa (Fig. 48) and the fore wing is distinctly infuscated apically (Fig. 47). Diagnosis. Antenna with a submedial band consisting of 8-13 white or ivory segments (Fig. 58); face transversely punctate-rugose; vertex spaced punctate, interspaces wider than punctures; middle and lateral lobes of mesoscutum yellowish brown medially; tegulum brownish yellow; only apical half of marginal cell of fore wing infuscated; hind femur largely brownish yellow, at most its apical 0.3 dark brown; hind femur shiny and finely sculptured basally; middle and hind coxa pale yellowish; first metasomal tergite approx. 3.7 times as long as its apical width; metasoma dark yellowish brown; epipleuron of second metasomal tergite entirely yellowish brown (Fig. 58); length of ovipositor sheath approx. 0.5 times as long as fore wing; length of fore wing approx. 7 mm. Similar to S. magnifica van Achterberg, 1987, from Indonesia and Malaysia, but S. magnifica differs by having the vertex largely smooth; the face finely punctate; the wing membrane dark brown up to apical 0.7 of the marginal cell; the hind coxa largely yellow or orange brown and the mesosoma entirely dark brown or black (Chen et al. 2004).

Stantonia qui Chen, He & Ma, 2004
Distribution. China (Guangdong, Zhejiang). Diagnosis. Antenna without a pale band, its basal two-thirds brownish yellow and apical third dark brown, 1.3 times as long as fore wing and subapical segments approximately 1.5 times longer than wide; clypeus flat and rather long (Fig. 66); length of malar space 1.3-1.5 times basal width of mandible; tegulum brownish yellow; humeral plate partly dark brown; mesosoma entirely brownish yellow; propodeum anteriorly mostly granulate; vein r-m of fore wing absent or largely so (Fig. 60); hind femur robust and slightly widened subbasally (Fig. 65), ventrally with satin sheen and micro-sculpture; basal ring of hind tibia and hind tarsus ivory, except dark brown telotarsus and base of basitarsus; length of first tergite 2.0-2.6 times as long as wide apically; epipleuron of second tergite entirely yellow; second tergite rather matt and finely granulate; length of ovipositor sheath 1.1-1.4 times as long as fore wing; length of fore wing 4-5 mm.
The new species runs in the key by van Achterberg (1987) to S. lutea (Szépligeti, 1910) if the colour of the hind tarsus is not used, because of the long ovipositor sheath (1.0-1.4 times as long as fore wing), antenna 1.3 times as long as fore wing, yellowish tegulum and mesosoma, reduced vein r-m of fore wing, largely granulate propodeum, coriaceous-granulate first-third tergites, flat clypeus, ivory basal ring of hind tibia and dark brown apex of third tergite. It differs by the white or ivory third-fourth hind tarsal segments (dark brown in S. lutea), hind femur robust (normal), hind tibia without dark subbasal ring (present), and propodeum with few coarse transverse rugae in posterior half (entirely granulate or with rather weak transverse rugae).
Head. Antenna with 41 segments and 1.3 times as long as fore wing; middle antennal segments with distinct false division medially and twice as long as wide; third, fourth and penultimate antennal segments 3.0, 2.7 and 1.4 times as long as wide, respectively, and third segment 1.1 times as long as fourth segment; width of face equal to height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 66); maxillary palp approximately as long as height of head; malar space 1.3 times as long as mandible width; distance between tentorial pits 1.7 times as long as distance between pit and eye margin; in anterior view length of eye 2.2 times as long as wide; in dorsal view length of eye 3.2 times as long as temple; POL:OD:OOL = 7:5:8; distance between anterior and lateral ocellus 0.6 times OD (Fig. 67); face remotely and rather coarsely punctate and mediumsized setae; vertex finely remotely punctate, with large smooth interspaces and gradually lowered behind stemmaticum; temple matt and finely coriaceous; occipital flange medium-sized lamelliform (Fig. 68).
Legs. Hind coxa mainly coriaceous, postero-dorsally with rugulae; ventrally hind femur mainly coriaceous, with satin sheen (as outer side); middle and hind tibia with numerous short spines; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of middle leg 5.9, 9.4 and 11.4 times as long as their width, respectively; inner and outer middle tibial spurs 0.55 and 0.35 times as long as basitarsus; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.1, 7.6 and 9.1 times their width, respectively; inner and outer hind tibial spurs 0.55 and 0.40 times as long as basitarsus, respectively.
Metasoma. First tergite gradually widened (Fig. 63), 2.3 times as long as its apical width, its surface finely granulate and rather dull apically slightly micro-sculptured; second and third tergites granulate, stout and rather dull; second suture straight and area behind nearly flat; length of ovipositor sheath 1.07 times as long as fore wing and 1.1 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 59).
Colour. Yellowish brown dorsally and remainder (including tegulum) pale brownish yellow; antenna brownish yellow, but outer side of scapus and pedicellus, and apical third of antenna dark brown; ovipositor sheath, base and apex of first tergite narrowly, base of second tergite slightly, apex of third tergite, telotarsi, hind basitarsus subbasally (but basally narrowly white), apex of hind femur, apex of middle tibia, apical 0.2 of hind tibia, and middle tarsus (but basitarsus largely yellowish), dark brown; basal ring of hind tibia and hind tarsus ivory, but basitarsus subbasally and telotarsus dark brown; apical fifth of fore wing slightly darkened and remainder subhyaline (Fig. 60); veins and pterostigma dark brown.
Variation. Female: body length 4.9-6.8 mm, fore wing length 4.2-5.2 mm; antenna with 40(1), 41(2) segments; length of hind femur 3.9-4.1 times its maximum width; inner spur of hind tibia 0.50-0.55 times as long as hind basitarsus; length of first metasomal tergite 1.9-2.6 times its apical width; medial length of second tergite 1.1-1.3 times its basal width and 1.3 times length of third tergite; length of ovipositor sheath 1.07-1.36 times as long as fore wing. The female from Yen Thuy is excluded from the type series because it has the second and third metasomal tergites more convex, resulting in a slenderer metasoma in dorsal view.

Diagnosis.
Antenna of ♀ 1.6-1.7 times as long as fore wing and its basal half yellowish brown, apically dark brown; vertex finely punctate or punctulate and interspaces distinctly wider than punctures; vertex and frons (especially of ♂) medially often dark brown; tegulum dark brown or infuscated; middle and lateral lobes of mesoscutum infuscate or dark brown medially; remainder of mesosoma brownish yellow; propodeum with coarse transverse rugae; fore wing infuscated apically; middle tarsus (except basitarsus) dark brown; apex of hind coxa more or less dark brown dorsally; apical half or quarter of hind femur dark brown; third hind tarsal segment ivory; outer side of hind femur rather shiny; ventrally hind femur rather matt and densely microsculptured ventrally; middle tarsus (except its basitarsus) more or less dark brown; first metasomal tergite darkened basally and approximately 3 times as long as its apical width; epipleuron of second tergite without a dark spot; length of ovipositor sheath 0.17-0.25 times as long as fore wing; length of fore wing 5.5-8.0 mm.

Stantonia sauteri
Type material. Holotype, ♀ (SDEI), "Formosa [= Taiwan], Kankau (Koshun), vii.1012, H. Sauter", "Stantonia sauteri Watanabe, Type", "Holotypus", "DEI-GY-SHym 10631". Specimen examined and photographed by Mr A.D. Liston. Diagnosis. Antenna of ♀ largely brownish yellow, without band of white or ivory segments submedially; vertex densely punctate and interspaces smaller than width of punctures and yellowish brown; mesosoma (including tegulum and humeral plate) brownish yellow, but middle lobe of mesoscutum with dark brown patch medially; fore wing infuscated apically; hind femur rugose ventrally, 5.2 times as long as wide and apically rather dark brown; hind tarsus (except telotarsus) ivory; length of first metasomal tergite approx. 2.5 times its apical width; base and apex of first tergite and base of second tergite yellowish brown; third and fourth tergites with dark brown patch; length of ovipositor sheath approx. 0.6 times as long as fore wing; length of fore wing approx. 5.5 mm. Stantonia xiangqianensis is similar, but has vertex sparsely punctate with interspaces much wider than punctures, hind femur smooth and shiny ventrally and first tergite approx. 3.7 times longer than wide posteriorly.

Stantonia spasskensis Belokobylskij, 1993 Figs 74-80
Stantonia spasskensis Belokobylskij, 1993Belokobylskij, : 97, 1998 Diagnosis. Antenna of ♂ with approximately 8 white or ivory segments (Fig. 75); anterior tentorial pits dorsally distinctly above lower level of eyes and malar space comparatively short (Fig. 79); temple coarsely rugose ventrally and (except for spaced punctures) largely smooth dorsally; mesosoma largely dark brown, only metanotum, propodeum and metapleuron posteriorly yellowish brown (Figs 74, 77); tegulum dark brown; anterior half of propodeum punctulate and largely smooth; hind femur dark brown medially; hind tarsus (except basally) whitish or ivory and moderately bristly setose; base of hind basitarsus dark brown; infuscation of apex of fore wing mainly restricted to marginal cell and just below it (Fig. 75); length of first tergite approx. 4 times its apical width (Fig. 78); second tergite dark brown and with shiny triangular area basally, its epipleuron largely rather fuzzy dark brown (Fig 74); length of fore wing approx. 7.5 mm. Distribution. Far East Russia.  Notes. The scanty material does not allow a conclusion about the validity of the taxon; the holotype may concern the melanistic male of S. annulicornis Enderlein, 1921. The male of S. spasskensis reported from Vietnam (Long and van Achterberg 2014) was re-examined and proved to belong to S. annulicornis Enderlein. Diagnosis. Antenna of ♀ 1.7-1.8 times as long as fore wing (of ♂ 2.1 times), without white or ivory segments and largely dark brown; anterior tentorial pits dor-  sally distinctly above lower level of eyes and malar space comparatively short (Fig. 88); frons brownish yellow medially; clypeus convex (Fig. 88); middle lobe of mesoscutum brownish yellow medially; mesopleuron ventrally and mesosternum yellowish brown; propodeum strongly shiny and with weak transverse rugae; vein r-m of fore wing partly pigmented (Fig. 82); fore wing hardly darkened apically (Fig. 82); hind femur slender, ventrally nearly entirely yellowish, finely punctate and interspaces smooth and shiny; hind coxa strongly shiny dorsally (Fig. 86); hind basitarsus moderately slender, whitish and usually erect bristly setose (Fig. 86), remainder dark brown; first metasomal tergite of ♀ strongly shiny and 3.3-3.6 times as long as its apical width; apex of first tergite and base of second tergite yellowish brown; second tergite of ♀ 1.6-1.7 times as long as wide; second metasomal suture straight and medial area behind suture flat or nearly so (Fig. 85); second epipleuron entirely yellow; third tergite distinctly punctate posteriorly; length of ovipositor sheath 0.10-0.17 times fore wing, distinctly less than half length of metasoma.

Stantonia stilpnosoma
The new species runs in the key by van Achterberg (1987) to S. sumatrana Enderlein, but differs by having the first metasomal tergite of ♀ 3.3-3.7 times as long as its apical width (2.4-2.7 times in S. sumatrana), ventrally hind femur smooth and shiny between punctures (coriaceous and dull), length of ovipositor sheath 0.10-0.15 times fore wing (0.16-0.19 times), and second and following hind tarsal segments dark brown (white or ivory, except dark telotarsus, rarely infuscated).
Head. Antenna with 46 segments but incomplete, at least 1.6 times as long as fore wing; middle segments twice as long as wide, third and fourth segments 3.3 and 2.3 times as long as wide, respectively, and third segment 1.2 times fourth segment; width of face 0.9 times height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 88); maxillary palp 1.25 times as long as height of head; malar space 1.5 times as long as basal width of mandible; clypeus distinctly convex (Figs 88,90); distance between tentorial pits twice as long as distance from pit to eye margin; in frontal view length of eye 2.4 times as long as its width; in dorsal view length of eye 2.5 times as long as temple; POL:OD:OOL = 2:3:7; distance between anterior and lateral ocellus 0.5 times OD (Fig. 88); face dull with sparse fine punctures and long setae; vertex and temple with sparse fine punctures; occipital flange wide and lamelliform.
Legs. Ventrally hind femur punctate and interspaces smooth and shiny; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of middle leg 10.2, 11.7 and 13.3 times as long as their width, respectively; inner and outer middle tibial spurs 0.5 and 0.4 times as long as basitarsus; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.9, 8.0 and 9.2 times their width, respectively; inner and outer hind tibial spurs 0.4 and 0.3 times as long as basitarsus, respectively.
Metasoma. First tergite almost parallel-sided, 3.3 times as long as its apical width, its surface largely smooth (Fig. 85); first tergite 1.4 times as long as propodeum; second tergite smooth (except for some punctures), elongate and shiny, 1.7 times longer than its basal width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.10 times as long as fore wing; ovipositor thick.
Colour. Yellowish brown; antenna brown but apically dark brown; tegulum and humeral plate pale yellow; stemmaticum, pterostigma, veins and middle tarsus dark brown or infuscated, but middle basitarsus yellowish basally; apical one fourth of hind tibia and second-fifth hind tarsal segments black; hind basitarsus ivory, but apically dark brown; fore wing slightly infuscated apically.
Description. Holotype, ♀. Body length 6.1 mm, fore wing length 5.8 mm, ovipositor sheath missing, but length of ovipositor in normal position 3.2 mm.
Head. Antenna broken; third and fourth antennal segments 3.4 and 2.5 times as long as wide, respectively, and third segment 1.4 times as long as fourth segment; width of face equal to height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 106); maxillary palp 1.2 times as long as height of head; clypeus distinctly convex and punctate (Fig. 106); malar space 1.1 times as long as mandible width; distance between large tentorial pits 1.9 times as long as distance between pit and eye margin; in anterior view length of Figure 99. Stantonia takeuchii (Watanabe), ♀, holotype, habitus, lateral aspect. eye 2.5 times as long as wide; in dorsal view length of eye 2.2 times as long as temple; POL:OD:OOL = 11:9:16; distance between anterior and lateral ocellus 0.8 times OD (Fig. 107); face convex, rather densely and coarsely punctate, smooth interspaces about equal to diameter of punctures and with medium-sized setae; frons laterally and vertex densely punctate (interspaces somewhat narrower than punctures), interspaces smooth and area directly behind stemmaticum depressed; frons medially smooth; stemmaticum strongly protruding; temple with satin sheen and with mainly rugose-coriaceous; occipital flange wide lamelliform.
Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.2 times as long as high; pronotal side largely smooth except some spaced coarse punctures and coarsely and widely crenulate medial sulcus, subposteriorly with two crenulate branches and posteriorly narrowly crenulate; precoxal sulcus narrow and finely crenulate, complete and with wide flange posteriorly (Fig. 101), mesopleuron remotely coarsely punctate, smooth interspaces much wider than punctures; metapleuron coarsely punctate, with smooth interspaces approximately as wide as punctures; notauli rather narrow and moderately crenulate; mesoscutum and scutellum rather coarsely punctate, with smooth interspaces equal to width of punctures (middle lobe) or wider (lateral lobes and scutellum; Fig. 102); propodeum rather shiny, anterior half coarsely reticulate-rugose and posteriorly half mainly smooth.
Metasoma. First tergite hardly narrowed behind spiracles (Fig. 103), 3.3 times as long as its apical width, its surface superficially finely granulate and with satin sheen; second tergite convex and smooth anteriorly, remainder superficially granulate, rather elongate, 1.5 times longer than its basal width and with satin sheen; second suture straight and medial area behind it nearly flat; ovipositor sheath missing, considering position and length of ovipositor 0.56 times as long as fore wing and approximately as long as metasoma (Fig. 99).
Colour. Yellowish brown; inner half of humeral plate dark brown, remainder of plate and tegulum yellowish brown; tibial spurs, fore and middle legs (but telotarsi, third and fourth middle tarsal segments and apex of hind tibia dark brown) pale yellowish; remainder of hind tarsus ivory (Fig. 99); basal half of antenna (but scapus and pedicellus dark brown laterally) brownish yellow; lateral lobes of mesoscutum slightly darkened medially; stemmaticum, middle lobe of mesoscutum, pair of lateral patches on propodeum, base and apex of first metasomal tergite, base of second tergite, apex of third and fourth segments, patch on hind coxa subapically, hind trochantellus, apex of hind femur, apical third of hind tibia, large patch on second epipleuron and apical half of third epipleuron dark brown; apex of fore wing anteriorly slightly darkened and remainder subhyaline (Fig. 100); veins and pterostigma dark brown.
Notes. Very similar to S. sauteri Watanabe and differs mainly by the partly dark brown basal metasomal tergites and hind coxa. The pair of dark brown patches of the propodeum is absent in the specimen from Hangzhou. Diagnosis. Antenna of ♀ without white or ivory segments and largely dark brown; anterior tentorial pits dorsally above lower level of eyes and malar space comparatively short; frons brownish yellow medially; clypeus convex; vertex finely to moderately punctate; middle lobe of mesoscutum brownish yellow medially; mesopleuron ventrally and mesosternum yellowish brown; propodeum with satin sheen and with coarse transverse rugae; vein r-m of fore wing partly pigmented (Fig. 111); fore wing subhyaline apically (Fig. 111); humeral plate partly brown or dark brown; ventrally hind femur densely micro-sculptured and matt, ventrally nearly entirely yellowish; hind femur slender (Fig. 111); hind coxa with satin sheen dorsally; hind basitarsus slender and rather adpressed setose (Fig. 111); first metasomal tergite of ♀ 3.0-3.6 times as long as its apical width; apex of first tergite and base of second tergite yellowish brown; second tergite of ♀ 1.6-1.7 times as long as wide; second metasomal suture straight and medial area behind suture flat or nearly so; second epipleuron entirely yellowish; length of ovipositor sheath 0.25-0.32 times fore wing, approximately half as long as metasoma; length of body 4-5 mm.

Stantonia tianmushana
Variation. First tergite 3.0-3.6 times as long as wide apically. Diagnosis. Antenna with a submedial band consisting of 14-17 ivory or white segments contrasting with blackish or dark brown basal third of antenna (Fig. 112); clypeus moderately convex (Fig. 118); mesosoma entirely black; tegulum and humeral plate dark brown; fore wing evenly infuscated (Fig. 113); hind tarsus (except narrowly basally) whitish or ivory; middle tarsus conspicuously bristly setose; hind femur (except basally) and more or less middle coxa black or dark brown dorsally; first metasomal tergite 3.4-3.6 times as long as wide apically; epipleuron of second metasomal tergite with an isolated and well defined dark brown spot (Fig. 117); second metasomal tergite dark brown to brownish yellow antero-dorsally; length of ovipositor sheath 0.5-0.6 times as long as fore wing; length of fore wing 7.9-9.2 mm.
The new species runs in the key by van Achterberg (1987) to S. annulicornis Enderlein, but differs by having the face yellowish brown and rather densely punctate (pale yellowish and sparsely finely punctate in S. annulicornis), clypeus partly convex (rather flat), scapus partly infuscated (pale yellow), antenna with 14-17 white or ivory segments submedially (11-12 segments), fore wing evenly slightly infuscate (only apically distinctly infuscate), tegulum dark brown (pale brown or yellowish), and propodeum black medially (more or less yellowish brown or brown).
Head. Antenna with 61 segments and 1.6 times as long as fore wing; middle antennal segments with distinct false division medially and 1.8 times as long as wide; third, fourth and penultimate antennal segments 4.5, 2.9 and 1.8 times as long as wide, respectively, and third segment 1.6 times as long as fourth segment; width of face 0.9 times height of face and clypeus combined (Fig. 118); maxillary palp 1.5 times as long as height of head; malar space 0.7 times as long as mandible width, largely coriaceous and with distinct groove; distance between tentorial pits 2.2 times as long as distance between pit and eye margin; in anterior view length of eye 2.2 times as long as wide; in dorsal view length of eye 3.5 times as long as temple; POL:OD:OOL = 8:10:15; distance between anterior and lateral ocellus 0.5 times OD (Fig. 119); face remotely and moderately punctate, interspaces smooth and much wider than punctures and medium-sized setae; vertex finely remotely punctate and directly behind stemmaticum Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.5 times as long as high; pronotal side with complete Y-shaped crenulate grooves, postero-ventrally connected to crenulate border, largely smooth dorsally, partly coarsely punctate and with some rugae ventrally and remainder sparsely finely punctate (Fig. 114); notauli rather narrow and moderately crenulate, but widened posteriorly and ending far in front of scutellar sulcus (Fig.  115); scutellar sulcus smooth, except for some remnants of crenulae posteriorly; mesoscutum and scutellum remotely finely punctate (Fig. 115); precoxal sulcus complete and rather narrowly crenulate (Fig. 114), mesopleuron sparsely finely punctate, but mainly smooth near precoxal sulcus; metapleuron rather densely punctate; propodeum spaced punctate with interspaces smooth and at least as wide as diameter of punctures, rather dull and with few weak transverse rugae (Fig. 115). Wings. Fore wing (Fig. 113): first discal cell truncate anteriorly; pterostigma 5.0 times as long as wide; r:2-SR:3-SR+SR1:r-m = 20:19:67:10; second submarginal cell narrowly petiolate; r issued behind middle of pterostigma; r-m largely sclerotized; cu-a interstitial; basal three-quarters of CU1a sclerotized; CU1b: 3-CU1 = 10:23, CU1b oblique, distinctly diverging posteriorly from cu-a. Hind wing: M+CU:1-M: 1r-m = 6:21:2; R1 with three distinct hamuli; area in front of cu-a and behind it glabrous.
Legs. Ventrally hind femur rugose, but posteriorly becoming obsolescent, with satin sheen (as outer side); length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of middle leg 5.5, 9.3 and 10.0 times as long as their width, respectively; inner and outer middle tibial spurs 0.45 and 0.30 times as long as basitarsus; middle tarsus very bristly; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.0, 8.3 and 6.4 times their width, respectively; inner and outer hind tibial spurs 0.50 and 0.35 times as long as basitarsus, respectively.
Metasoma. First tergite parallel-sided, 3.6 times as long as its apical width, its surface with satin sheen, largely smooth (except some superficial micro-sculpture and some punctures; Fig. 116); second and third tergites smooth (except some punctures and superficial micro-sculpture), and rather dull, except a shiny triangular basal area; second tergite 1.7 times longer than its basal width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.51 times as long as fore wing and 0.9 times as long as metasoma (Fig. 112).
Colour. Black; antenna dark brown but 3 basal antennal segments with pale brownish or greyish spots, 33 rd segment pale brown, 17 th -18 th segments partly ivory and 19 th -32 nd segments white; tegulum, humeral plate, apex of middle tibia, patch on second epipleuron, third tergite (except antero-laterally), fourth and fifth tergites largely, sixth tergite dorsally and ovipositor sheath dark brown; middle tibial spurs, inner apex of middle femur, seventh and eight tergites dorsally, brown; tarsi ivory, but telotarsi black, hind basitarsus basally narrowly blackish and middle tarsus dark brown ventrally; coxae, hind femur (except basally), apical third of hind tibia, hind tibial spurs, first (except basal triangle) and second tergites dorsally, black; remainder of legs and of metasoma, palpi and clypeus pale yellowish; face brownish yellow; entire fore wing infuscated; veins and pterostigma dark brown.
Notes. A male from Thanh Son (RMNH) has 14 pale antennal segments, yellow mesopleuron, mesosternum, middle coxa and middle of propodeum, and probably belongs to a related species. Except for having less pale antennal segments than the examined holotype of S. spasskensis, it differs by having vein cu-a of fore wing distinctly postfurcal (slightly antefurcal in S. vietnamica), less extensive infuscation of fore wing (most of apex of fore wing), and base of T1 yellowish-brown (ivory). of humeral plate dark brown, remainder of plate and tegulum yellowish brown; propodeum medio-anteriorly sparsely punctate anteriorly; fore wing moderately infuscated apically; vein 3-SR+SR1 approx. 3.7 times as long as vein r; hind femur partly smooth and shiny ventrally, slender and apically yellowish brown; hind tarsus (except telotarsus) ivory or white; length of first metasomal tergite approx. 3.7 times its apical width; epipleuron of second tergite partly darkened (Fig. 123); apices of first and third metasomal tergites brownish yellow; length of ovipositor sheath 0.5-0.6 times as long as fore wing and somewhat longer than metasoma; length of fore wing approximately 7 mm.

Stantonia xiangqianensis
Distribution. China (Hunan, Guizhou). Notes. Very similar to S. issikii Watanabe, 1932, and differs mainly by the colour and shape of the tergites and the longer vein 3-SR+SR1 of fore wing.