A revision of the tribe Planitorini van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Euphorinae), with description of a new genus from Australia

Abstract The tribe Planitorini van Achterberg (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae) is revised. One new genus Paramannokeraia gen. n. (type species: P. gibsoni sp. n.) and five new species from Australia are described and illustrated: Mannokeraia albipalpis van Achterberg, sp. n., M. nigrita van Achterberg, sp. n., M. punctata van Achterberg, sp. n., Paramannokeraia gibsoni van Achterberg & Quicke, sp. n. and P. juliae van Achterberg, sp. n. The tribe Mannokeraiini van Achterberg, 1995, is synonymized with the tribe Planitorini (syn. n.).


Introduction
The subfamily Euphorinae Foerster, 1863 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) is morphologically a very diverse group (Stigenberg et al. 2015), including many genera containing parasitoids of adult insects (Shaw and Huddleston 1991). The entirely Australian tribes Mannokeraiini van Achterberg, 1995, andPlanitorini van Achterberg, 1995, are two aberrant groups, each containing only a single genus: Mannokeraia van Achterberg, 1995, with wingless females and Planitorus van Achterberg, 1995, with normally winged females (van Achterberg 1995). Accidently (partly because of their very derived morphology), the senior author referred the genera to the subfamilies Masoninae van Achterberg, 1995, andBetylobraconinae Tobias, 1979, respectively, but according to DNA analysis (Stigenberg et al. 2015) and some details of their morphology (e.g. the petiolate first metasomal tergite with its submedially situated spiracles) they belong to the subfamily Euphorinae. Earlier DNA analysis by Belshaw and Quicke (2002) and Sharanowski et al. (2011) corroborated already the inclusion of this group in the Euphorinae. In this paper the tribes Planitorini and Mannokeraiini are formally synonymised, and a new genus (Paramannokeraia gen. n.) and four new species are described and illustrated.
For the identification of the subfamily Euphorinae, see van Achterberg (1993), for more references see Yu et al. (2016) and for the terminology used in this paper, see van Achterberg (1979,1988,1993).

Material and methods
The studied material concerns all the Planitorini and Mannokeraiini specimens used for DNA analysis and some additional specimens collected by Dr L. Masner (Ottawa). So far, the specimens have been provisionally identified up to genus level (Belshaw and Quicke 2002, Sharanowski et al. 2011, and Stigenberg et al. 2015. Observations and descriptions were made with an Olympus SZX11 stereomicroscope and fluorescent lamps. Photographic images were made with the Keyence VHX-5000 digital microscope and processed with Adobe Photoshop CS5, mostly to adjust the size and background. Measurements are performed as indicated in van Achterberg (1988). The length of the first metasomal tergite is measured medially from apex of adductor muscle to apex of tergite. Additional non-exclusive characters in the key are between square brackets. The following abbreviations are used for the depositories: ANIC = Australian National Insect Collection, Canberra, Australia; CNC = Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Canada; HIC = Hymenoptera Institute Collection, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA; NHRS = Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Colour. Black; palpi and basal half metasoma ventrally white; tegulae pale yellowish; seven basal segments of antenna, fore and middle legs brownish yellow; hind leg (except dark brown coxa) yellowish brown, but tibia and tarsus slightly darkened; face, clypeus, remainder of antenna and of metasoma (except black first tergite), pterostigma and most veins of fore wing dark brown; wing membrane weakly infuscate.
Variation. Female paratype is very similar to holotype. Length of fore wing 2.9 mm, of body 3.0 mm; antenna with 20 segments, its penultimate segment as long as wide (without pedunculus 0.8 times); both teeth of mandible large; first metasomal tergite 2.3 times longer than its apical width and with slightly indicated dorsope; setose part of ovipositor sheath 0.18 times as long as fore wing and 0.54 times hind tibia.
Etymology. Named after its white palpi ("albus" is white in Latin). Distribution. Australia (Queensland). Collected in December and February.
Etymology. Named after its blackish antenna ("niger" is black in Latin). Distribution. Australia (Victoria). Collected in January-February. Diagnosis. Antenna of ♀ unknown, of ♂ with 30 segments, cylindrical and slender, dark brown but scapus and pedicellus brownish yellow ventrally; palpi pale yellowish; with transverse space between clypeus and closed mandibles (Fig. 52); head moderately enlarged behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 53); length of malar space 0.9 times basal width of mandible (Fig. 52); mesosoma of ♀ normal, with mesoscutum far above upper level of pronotum (Fig. 47); pronotum and mesoscutum yellowish brown; propodeum mainly punctate medially (Fig. 49); fore and middle legs (but tibiae and tarsi darkened) brownish yellow, and hind leg dark brown; length of setose part of ovipositor sheath unknown.
Head. Antenna with 30 segments, pedicellus short (Figs 51, 54), length of third segment 1.2 times fourth segment, third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.9, 2.4 and 2.7 times as long as wide, respectively (Fig. 51) and with apical segments sessile, medially parallel-sided and apically slightly narrowed (Fig. 51); length of maxillary palp 1.1 times height of head; occipital carina complete, comparatively low dorsally (Fig. 54), strongly curved ventrally and joining hypostomal carina far below mandible and occipital flange curved and elongate; eye 1.1 times as long as temple in dorsal view; temples slightly narrowed behind eyes; OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus:POL = 6:5:8; vertex and frons smooth (but vertex with some punctures) and moderately shiny, with some long setae, convex, frons without median groove, and anteriorly flattened; face sparsely coarsely punctate and with some superficial rugae (Fig. 52); clypeus flattened and smooth ventrally, with medially weakly protruding thick ventral rim (resulting in steep ventral area), dorsally weakly convex and with few coarse punctures; with medium-sized transverse space between closed mandibles and clypeus; length of malar space 0.9 times basal width of mandible; mandible slightly convex medially and with few punctures, both apical teeth large.
Distribution. Australia (two species). Notes. Because of its venation, shape of the telotarsi, submedial position of the spiracle of the first tergite and shape of the first tergite, the genus belongs to the subfamily Euphorinae within which it belongs to the tribe Planitorini. It resembles Mannokeraia, because of the small pedicellus (much narrower than the scapus; Fig. 58), apical antennal segments of the female strongly moniliform and pedunculate, the face moderately convex medio-dorsally, the lack of the medio-posterior depression of the scutellum, the robust fore femur, the setose eyes and the long pronotal collar. According to the DNA analysis by Stigenberg et al. (2015) Paramannokeraia is sister to Planitorus (sharing the presence of dorsope on the first tergite, and the ventrally flattened and narrower clypeus); the two genera forming a sister group to Mannokeraia which has the first tergite lacking dorsope, and the clypeus transverse and with a steep ventral face.
Key to species of Paramannokeraia gen. n.
Description. Holotype, ♀, length of fore wing 2.1 mm, and of body 2.2 mm.
Colour. Black; basal half of antenna, pronotum narrowly antero-ventrally and legs rather dark yellowish brown; tegulae and palpi pale yellowish; metasoma (except black first tergite), pterostigma (but narrowly paler basally) and apical half of antenna dark brown; veins brown; wing membrane weakly infuscate.
Etymology. Named after Dr Gary A.P. Gibson (Ottawa), for his extensive contribution to our knowledge of Chalcidoidea (especially of the families Eupelmidae and Pteromalidae), and of Mymarommatidae.
Colour. Black; antenna, metasoma except black first tergite and legs dark brown, but hind trochanter and tibial spurs brown; tegulae and palpi pale yellowish; pterostigma and veins brown; wing membrane weakly infuscate.
Male. Similar to female holotype except for the shape of the antennal segments, slender fore and middle tarsi (Figs 77, 80, the rugose area between middle coxae and the different sculpture of the propodeum and face (Figs. 78,82). Antenna with 28 segments, length of fore wing 3.6 mm, and of body 3.6 mm; face and clypeus rather finely punctate; metasoma (except most of first tergite) brown; mesoscutum less flattened; medio-posterior punctate area of mesoscutum small; propodeum largely finely rugulose; first tergite 1.5 times longer than wide apically and distinctly longitudinally striate.
Etymology. Named after Dr Julia Stigenberg (Stockholm), who generously made the holotype available for this study.

Diagnosis. See generic diagnosis.
Distribution. Australia (Queensland, A.C.T.). Collected in December-March. Notes. A headless and also otherwise severely damaged male from near Mount Barker (HIC: Western Australia, 25.iv.2000, DNA voucher BJS101 (as "Planitorus sp." in Sharanowski et al. (2011)), and incorrectly labelled as "Mount Baker") may belong to an undescribed second species. It has the notauli entirely absent, vein M+CU1 of fore wing largely sclerotized and the precoxal sulcus present medially.