Two new Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 species from Brazil and Bolivia (Araneae, Theraphosidae)

Abstract Two new species of Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 are described from Brazil and Bolivia, D. mottai sp. n. from Distrito Federal and the state of Goiás, Brazil, and D. camargorum sp. n. from the state of Rondônia, Brazil, and the La Paz region, Bolivia. Males of the two new species resemble Dolichothele bolivianum (Vol, 2001) in having a small subapical keel on the distal embolus and females in particular by the short spermatheca. Dolichothele bolivianum is redescribed, and its geographical distribution is herein restricted to Bolivia and the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil.

Most of the species presently considered in Dolichothele were described in the genus Oligoxystre, which was revised by Guadanucci (2007Guadanucci ( , 2011. This author recognized eight species distributed in Brazil and Bolivia, one of which, D. bolivianum, as having "a very wide distribution, from central Brazil to eastern Bolivia" (Guadanucci 2007: 10). Guadanucci (2007) observed variations in color between populations of D. bolivianum but considered that the examined specimens had the same genitalia morphology and, therefore, belonged to the same species. Morphologically re-analyzing part of the specimens studied by Guadanucci (2007) and with additional material, two new species closely related to D. bolivianum were found, which are herein described.
All measurements are in millimeters and were obtained from the right appendages, unless they were missing or regenerated. For measuring larger structures, such as carapace, abdomen and appendages, a Mitutoyo digital caliper was used with an error of 0.005 mm, rounded up to two significant decimals. Appendages were measured from the dorsal aspect. Image captures of the structures were made with a Leica M205C dissecting microscope, with a Leica LAS montage and a LAS 3D module with which small structures such as eyes were measured.
The position of spines on legs and palp followed the terminology of Petrunkevitch (1925) with the modifications of Bertani (2001). Abbreviations used were as follows:

ALE
anterior lateral eye, AME anterior median eye, ap apical, Maps of species distributions were made with the program ArcGIS 10. Geographical coordinates were obtained from the labels when available (primary source, indicated by parentheses) or using Google Earth (secondary source, indicated by brackets).
Remarks. Guadanucci (2007) examined only males from the type locality of D. bolivianum, even though a photo of a female (Guadanucci 2007, f. 9) is shown in his paper. The female of D. bolivianum was originally described based on a casting skin by Vol (2001), and the specimen, a paratype, was not located in the MHNNKM where it should be deposited. Thus, herein, the topotypical female is described and illustrated for first time.
Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of the arachnologist Dr. Paulo Cesar Motta, for his contributions to the taxonomy and biology of mygalomorphs inhabiting the Brazilian Cerrado region.
Remarks. The specimens used by Guadanucci (2007) to redescribe D. bolivianum (MZUSP 26076 and MZUSP 23224) were reanalyzed and belong to D. mottai sp. n. The female specimen (IBSP 103094) from Miranda (Agachi), state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, cited by Lucas and Indicatti (2015) as D. bolivianum has long and slender spermathecae with several lobes on apex and laterals. Therefore, it seems related with forms from eastern Brazil (see Guadanucci 2007Guadanucci , 2011, and probably the locality is a label mistake. Ecology. Dolichothele mottai sp. n. occurs on the Cerrado stricto sensu from Central-Western Brazil. The female constructs silk tunnels under rocks and logs, and males were found moving between September and November when they leave their shelter to search for females, in Distrito Federal (Motta 2014). Differential diagnosis. Males of D. camargorum sp. n. (Figs 14-15, 19-20, 27) resemble those of D. dominguense (Guadanucci 2007, f. 26-28), D. bolivianum sp. n. (Figs 1-2, 4-5, 25) and D. mottai sp. n. (Figs 9-10, 24) by the presence of a small subapical keel on male palpal bulb embolus. They differ from D. dominguense by the  differ from both D. bolivianum and D. mottai sp. n. by the long and narrow spermathecae shape.
Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dr. Erney F. Plessmann de Camargo and Dr. Luis Marcelo Aranha Camargo for their efforts to develop medical and biological research in the state of Rondônia, Brazil. They encouraged the field work on which the specimens of this new species were collected.
Remarks. Guadanucci (2007) examined a single specimen of this new species from Brazil, a female from State of Rondônia, Porto Velho, U. H. Samuel (IBSP 9506). This specimen was not examined here, as it was destroyed by a fire in the Instituto Butantan collection buildings in 2010. Other specimens examined from nearby localities show the female has very distinct spermathecae, slender and with lobes only on their tips (Figs 18, 23). The male has a more slender embolus, mainly on its base 27). Males, females and immatures have distinct color patterns from those of D. bolivianum and D. mottai sp. n. Male and female from Rurrenabaque, Beni, Bolivia shown in Guadanucci (2007) f. 11-12 have a distinct color pattern. As only two males and a female were examined from Bolivia, it is not possible to conclude whether it is morphological variation or another undescribed species. For this reason, figures of male palpal bulb and spermathecae were included to show the morphological variation in the specimens from the two distant localities (Figs 19-21, 26).
Distribution. Brazil, state of Rondônia; and Bolivia, department of La Paz (Fig. 36). Ecology. Dolichothele camargorum sp. n. occurs in the Amazon region, probably in Cerrado remnants.
Discussion. Guadanucci (2007Guadanucci ( , 2011 recognized eight species in Oligoxystre Vellard, 1924 (now Dolichothele). One of these species, D. bolivianum, was considered to have a wide distribution from Central-Western Brazil to Bolivia, close to the Andes (Guadanucci 2007). Guadanucci (2007) found variation in color pattern throughout the distribution of this species but considered them as local population variation. Examining the available material of Guadanucci (2007) together with additional specimens recently collected, it is possible to recognize two more species, which are herein described. Dolichothele mottai sp. n. males clearly have a shorter embolus with a strong "S"-shaped curvature (Figs 9-10, 24), distinct from the longer and straighter embolus of D. bolivianum (Figs 1-2, 4-5, 25). Dolichothele mottai sp. n. females have a broader spermathecae than those of D. bolivianum (Fig. 13) and, as the male, have the carapace with a distinct color pattern of iridescent reddish setae covering it (Figs 30-31). Another new species also closely related with D. bolivianum was recognized from the state of Rondônia, Brazil and department La Paz, Bolivia. Males of the new species D. camargorum sp. n. have a slender embolus (19)(20)27), when comparing with D. bolivianum, and the females have narrow spermathecae with lobes restricted to their apex (Fig. 18). The color pattern is also distinct, males have a dark carapace with orange setae on its borders and the females have dark marks on the lateral abdomen (Figs 33, 35), character unknown in other species of Dolichothele.