Survey of rove beetles ( Coleoptera , Staphylinidae ) from Stanley Park , Vancouver , British Columbia , Canada , with new records and description of a new species . Part 2

Th e second survey in 2008 of rove beetle species from Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada is presented. Fifty-one species were found from the following subfamilies: Aleocharinae (18), Micropeplinae (1), Omaliinae (11), Osoriinae (1), Oxytelinae (2), Paederinae (1), Proteininae (2), Pselaphinae (3), Steninae (1), Staphylininae (8), and Tachyporinae (3). All species are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Th irty-fi ve species were previously recorded from the storm-undamaged sites in 2007, including 16 species that were site-specifi c. Fifty-one species are reported from the storm-damaged sites, including 31 species that are sitespecifi c. Th ere are 19 species in common between storm-damaged and undamaged sites. Sixty-seven species of rove beetles are now known from all the sites studied in Stanley Park. One new species, Sonoma squamishorum Chandler & Klimaszewski, sp. n., is described and illustrated. Proteinus collaris Hatch is recorded from Canada and British Columbia for the fi rst time. Four adventive aleocharine species are recorded. ZooKeys 22: 19–33 (2009) doi: 10.3897/zookeys.22.177 www.pensoftonline.net/zookeys Copyright John A. McLean et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Launched to accelerate biodiversity research A peer-reviewed open-access journal


Survey of rove beetles (Coleoptera
Th e fi rst paper described species collected in 2007 from portions of the forest undamaged by the storm (McLean et al. 2009).Th e purpose of this paper is to compare the rove beetle fauna in the storm-damaged areas surveyed in 2008 with the 2007 collection from the undamaged forest, and to describe and document a new species of Pselaphinae.

Study locations
Th e 2008 study sites included a stand west of the South Creek Trail (49°18΄03˝, 123°08΄25˝W) (Fig. 1, Site C) which had been burnt over in a fi re in 1860.Th e high stumps (Fig. 2C) are a remnant from that period.Th e site was cleared of all fallen trees which has also been cleared and replanted with the same plant regime as Site C (Fig. 2D).Th e 2008 sites were much more open than the "intact" 2007 sites.

Material examined
More than 466 adult rove beetles were examined, and most aleocharines and pselaphines were dissected.Th e genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol and mounted in Canada balsam on celluloid microslides and pinned with the specimens from which they originated.
Traps were set out on April 23, 2008 and collected monthly through October.At each site, five Lindgren multiple-funnel traps and a flight-intercept trap were set and a pitfall trap was placed near each of the hanging traps.Polypropylene glycol was used in all traps for preserving captured insects.The Lindgren traps were baited with specific pheromones and/or ethanol or alpha-pinene lures.The pitfall traps were unbaited.The collecting periods for each species are shown in Table 1.The larger catches found in the hanging traps did not indicate any preferences of the staphylinid beetles for any of the semiochemical baits for bark beetles or wood borers.Trap catches were quite even among traps suggesting that the trap form and shape was consistent for all species.
Th e following references were used for identifi cation in this study: Campbell (1973), Benick and Lohse (1974), Hatch (1957), Klimaszewski (2000), Klimaszewski et al. (2001), Klimaszewski and Winchester (2002), Klimaszewski et al. (2004), Klimaszewski et al. (2006), Klimaszewski et al. (2007), Newton et al. (2001), Seevers (1978), andSmetana (1971).For diagnosis and literature review, see Marsh and Schuster (1962), with addenda by Park and Wagner (1962), and Chandler (1986and 2003).Etymology.Th is species is named in recognition of the Squamish aboriginal people who are known to have lived in this area of Vancouver.It took until 2008 for the Musqueam, Squamish and Tsleil-Waututh, who traditionally used the land that is now Stanley Park, to be physically represented at the site.Th at has now been addressed with People Amongst the People, three gateways covered with designs in threes and multiples of three to represent the three aboriginal groups, a work created by Susan Point and her team of Musqueam carvers.

Conventions
Diagnosis.Body small for Sonoma; frontal sulcus of head Y-shaped; discal foveae deeply impressed and impressions continued posteriorly to antebasal sulcus.Males with gula prominent and setose; aedeagus with phallobase separated, parameres nearly symmetrical, penis simple.
Description.Length 1.68-1.76mm.Body light orange-brown (Fig. 6).Head about as long as wide; tempora broadly rounded and distinct; frontal sulcus deep, abruptly widened in apical half to nearly twice basal width, forming a thick "Y", sulcus about as long as wide, base of sulcus even with midpoint of eyes; vertexal foveae distinct, posterior to point even with hind margin of eyes; eyes with about 60 facets in both sexes.Pronotum with each discal fovea at anterior margin of slightly converging impressions that extend to antebasal sulcus, median antebasal foveae distinct, nude; antebasal sulcus broad between lateral constrictions, narrow beyond constrictions to nude lateral antebasal foveae.Elytra half again as long as pronotum; foveal pattern 4-2-4 (four foveae in sutural stria, four in discal sulcus, and two faint foveae in longitudinal line between them, foveae diffi cult to see on dried specimens).Abdomen as long as elytra in dorsal view.
Males with posterior portion of gular area transversely projecting and densely setose.Legs lacking modifi cations.Abdomen with complete microsetigerous line near apex of visible tergite 1 (morphological segment 4).Visible sternites 4-5 progressively more strongly medially impressed, fi fth visible sternite with prominent oblique and posteriorly directed acute projections at lateral third of sternite, projections strongly setose and extending posteriorly for short distance over anterior portion of sternite 6; sternite 6 with loose cluster of elongate spines to each side of middle (Fig. 4).Aedeagus of general form of Sonoma grandiceps Casey (Fig. 3); parameres with apical portions symmetrical, bases appearing slightly dissimilar, with coarse punctation on lateral portion of bases; penis elongate and of nearly even width in apical two-thirds, slightly asymmetrical.
Distribution.Only known from Stanley Park in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Collection and habitat data.Both specimens were collected with funnel traps, and so the preferred habitat of this species is unknown.However, this collecting technique is particularly eff ective in trapping species that are associated with downed, dead, or dying trees, and the suspected habitat is in rotting wood.Several species of this   genus have a strong association with downed rotting logs and are found beneath loose bark or in logs that may be torn apart by hand (Chandler 2003).
Comments.Sonoma squamishorum appears to be closest to S. grandiceps Casey, 1893, known only from the type series taken in Santa Cruz, California in the late 1800's, and S. tehamae Chandler, 2003, known only from a single site in northern California.Th e males of these species share a strongly basally-constricted phallobase, nearly symmetrical parameres with a row of long setae, and a densely setose and prominent gula.Sonoma grandiceps is the most similar species based on aedeagal form and the prominent setose projections of the fi fth abdominal sternite, and is separated from S. squamishorum by the slightly asymmetrical apices of the large curved spine of each paramere, and the lack of the coarse lateral punctation of the parameres found in S. squamishorum.Th e apical portion of the penis is slightly more asymmetrical in S. grandiceps, and S. tehamae has a much more asymmetrical penis, and lacks the apical curved spines of the parameres and the setose projections of abdominal sternite 5.

Faunistic account -results and discussion
Th is paper treats rove beetles captured from storm-damaged sites in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.Collecting yielded 51 rove beetle species in the following subfamilies: Aleocharinae (18), Micropeplinae (1), Omaliinae (11), Osoriinae (1), Oxytelinae (2), Paederinae (1), Proteininae (2), Pselaphinae (3), Staeninae (1), Staphylininae (8), and Tachyporinae (3).All species are listed in Tables 1 and 2. Sixty-seven species of rove beetles in total are reported from all stud-ied sites (A-D) (Table 1).Th irty-fi ve species (52.2% of the total from sites A-D) were previously recorded from the storm-undamaged sites (Fig. 2A, B, Table 2), including 16 species (23.8% of the total from sites A-D) which were site specifi c (not found in the second survey) (McLean et al. 2009).Fifty-one species (76.1% of the total from sites A-D) are herein reported from the storm-damaged sites (Fig. 2 C, D), including 32 species (47.7% of the total from sites A-D) site specifi c (Tables 1, 2).Th ere are 19 species (28.3% of the total from sites A-D) shared between storm-damaged and undamaged sites (Table 2).Th e substantial increase in number of species at sites C and D was to be expected because the storm damaged areas of the forest provide a more diversifi ed habitat.Th ere is more forest edge, some fragments of an old forest, more dead snags and logs, and many disturbed soil habitats providing opportunities for a greater species diversity of rove beetles.Th e species composition is diff erent in the AB and CD sites, except for the 19 species (28.3%) which are in common (Table 2).Th ere are diff erences between the dominant species in the studied sites (Table 2).Atheta cheersae Klimaszewski, a common species in disturbed forest, was not found in the undisturbed forest, Atheta ventricosa Bernhauer occurred in smaller numbers in disturbed forest; Leptusa gatineauensis Klimaszewski and Pelletier was better represented in disturbed areas of the park; and Oxypoda stanleyi Klimaszewski and McLean was more numerous in undisturbed forest.Stictalia brevicornis Casey was numerous in disturbed sites but was not found in the undisturbed sites where Stictalia californica Casey was present.Deinopteroloma subcostatum (Mäklin), Eusphalerum pothos Mannerheim, and Oropus striatus (LeConte) were more numerous in the disturbed sites.Actium retractum Casey, Sonoma squamishorum sp.n., Gabrius forcipatus (Hatch), Pelecomanium testaceum (Mannerheim), and Tachinus maculicollis Mäklin occurred only in the disturbed sites and Deinothenarus pleuralis (LeConte) only in undisturbed sites.Clearly diff erent rove beetle species appear to prefer diff erent habitats.Th ere are many singletons present only at either site.Additional adventive species, Xantholinus linearis (Olivier), 1 female, and Atrecus macrocephalus (Nordmann), 1 female, were reared from logs collected in the park but are not included in the tables and are excluded from our calculations.
Table 1.List of rove beetles captured in Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.Subfamilies and species are listed alphabetically.New distribution records are in bold case.Adventive species are indicated with an asterisk (*).Canadian provinces and territories and American states are abbreviated.Site A is located in the area adjacent to the Vancouver Aquarium and site B along the Rawlings Trail near the Hollow Tree; site C along South Creek Trail, and site D along Merilees Trail.Two species represented by singletons, Atrecus macrocephalus (LFC, 1 female) and Xantholinus linearis (Olivier)* (LFC, 1 female, tentative identifi cation pending on capturing a male) were reared from logs and are excluded from the tables below.

Distribution
the second paper devoted to rove beetles from Stanley Park.It includes species from samples collected in the storm-damaged forest in December 2006 (Figs. 1, 2 A-D).

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Map of Stanley Park, Vancouver, British Columbia, showing collecting locations for the 2007 and 2008 insect surveys.

Systematics Supertribe Faraonitae, Tribe Faronini Sonoma Casey, 1886
Repository abbreviations: CNC Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada LFC Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Laurentian Forestry Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada UBC University of British Columbia, Spencer Entomological Collection, Beaty Biodiversity Museum, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada UNHC University of New Hampshire, Department of Zoology, Durham, New Hampshire, U.S.A.

Table 2 .
List of species site specifi c to A and/or B, and C and/or D, and common in all sites (A, B, C, D).Adventive species are marked with an asterisk (*).

Species which are site specifi c to A and/or B Species which are site specifi c to C and/or D Species common to all sites
(A, B, C, D)or at least one in A, B or C, D category