2urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7Eurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727AZooKeysZK1313-29891313-2970Pensoft Publishers10.3897/zookeys.728.2060220602CatalogueTenebrionidaeCatalogues and ChecklistsNeogeneNorth AmericaCatalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North AmericaBousquetYves1ThomasDonald B.2BouchardPatricebouchardpb@agr.gc.ca1SmithAaron D.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1286-950X3AalbuRolf L.4JohnstonM. Andrewhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-69855Steiner Jr.Warren E.6Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, CanadaAgriculture and Agri-Food CanadaOttawaCanadaUSDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Research Laboratory, 22675 N Moorefield Rd, Edinburg, Texas, 78596, USAUSDA ARS, Cattle Fever Tick Research LaboratoryEdinburgUnited States of AmericaNorthern Arizona University, Department of Biological Sciences, POB 5640, Flagstaff, Arizona, 86011, USANorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffUnited States of AmericaCalifornia Academy of Sciences, Department of Entomology, 55 Music Concourse Dr, Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, 94118, USACalifornia Academy of SciencesSan FranciscoUnited States of AmericaArizona State University, School of Life Sciences, POB 874501, Tempe, Arizona, 85287, USAArizona State UniversityTempeUnited States of AmericaSmithsonian Institution, Department of Entomology, NHB 187, Washington, DC, 20013, USAmithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
20181501201872814558959E850-AE16-FF87-7914-FFE6FFC6144940456A32-13ED-4F03-AE76-EE4716DAE63311663072508201724112017Yves Bousquet, Donald B. Thomas, Patrice Bouchard, Aaron D. Smith, Rolf L. Aalbu, M. Andrew Johnston, Warren E. Steiner Jr.This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/40456A32-13ED-4F03-AE76-EE4716DAE633
This catalogue includes all valid family-group (8 subfamilies, 52 tribes, 14 subtribes), genus-group (349 genera, 86 subgenera), and species-group names (2825 species, 215 subspecies) of darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) known to occur in North America1 and their available synonyms. Data on extant, subfossil and fossil taxa are given. For each name the author and year and page number of the description are provided, with additional information (e.g., type species for genus-group names, author of synonymies for invalid taxa) depending on the taxon rank.
Several new nomenclatural acts are included. One new genus, Lepidocnemeplatia Bousquet and Bouchard, is described. Spelaebiosis Bousquet and Bouchard [for Ardoinia Özdikmen, 2004], Blapstinusmarcuzzii Aalbu [for Blapstinuskulzeri Marcuzzi, 1977], and Hymenoruscampbelli Bouchard [for Hymenorusoculatus Doyen and Poinar, 1994] are proposed as new replacement names. Supporting evidence is provided for the conservation of usage of Tarpelamicans (Fabricius, 1798) nomen protectum over Tarpelavittata (Olivier, 1793) nomen oblitum. The generic names Psilomera Motschulsky, 1870 [= Stenomorpha Solier, 1836], Steneleodes Blaisdell, 1909 [= Xysta Eschscholtz, 1829], Ooconibius Casey, 1895 and Euconibius Casey, 1895 [= Conibius LeConte, 1851] are new synonyms (valid names in square brackets). The following 127 new synonymies of species-group names, listed in their original combination, are proposed (valid names, in their current combination, placed in square brackets): Bothrasidamucorea Wilke, 1922 [= Pelecyphorusguanajuatensis (Champion, 1884)]; Parasidazacualpanicola Wilke, 1922 [= Pelecyphorusasidoides Solier, 1836]; Stenosideskulzeri Pallister, 1954, Stenosidesbisinuatus Pallister, 1954, and Parasidatrisinuata Pallister, 1954 [= Pelecyphorusdispar (Champion, 1892)]; Asidafavosa Champion, 1884 and Asidasimilata Champion, 1884 [= Pelecyphorusfallax (Champion, 1884)]; Ologlyptusbicarinatus Champion, 1884 [= Pelecyphorusindutus (Champion, 1884)]; Parasidalaciniata Casey, 1912 and Parasidacristata Pallister, 1954 [= Pelecyphorusliratus (LeConte, 1854)]; Parasidaesperanzae Wilke, 1922 and Parasidamixtecae Wilke, 1922 [= Pelecyphoruslongipennis (Champion, 1884)]; Parasidatolucana Casey, 1912 [= Pelecyphorusscutellaris (Champion, 1884)]; Parasidapurpusi Wilke, 1922 [= Pelecyphorustristis (Champion, 1884)]; Astrotusnosodermoides Champion, 1892 [= Pelecyphoruserosus (Champion, 1892)]; Astrotusseticornisvar.humeralis Champion, 1884 [= Pelecyphorusseticornis (Champion, 1884)]; Pactostomabreviuscula Casey, 1912, Pactostomaexoleta Casey, 1912, Pactostomaluteotecta Casey, 1912, Pactostomamonticola Casey, 1912, Pactostomaobtecta Casey, 1912, and Pactostomasigillata Casey, 1912 [=Pelecyphorusanastomosis (Say, 1824)]; Ologlyptuscanus Champion, 1884 and Ologlyptussinuaticollis Champion, 1884 [= Pelecyphorusgraciliformis (Solier, 1836)]; Gonasidaelatareducta Casey, 1912, Gonasidaelataprolixa Casey, 1912, and Gonasidaaucta Casey, 1912 [= Philolithuselatuscompar (Casey, 1912)]; Gonasidaalaticollis Casey, 1912 [= Philolithuselatusdifformis (LeConte, 1854)]; Gonasidagravida Casey, 1912 [= Philolithuselatuselatus (LeConte, 1853)]; Pelecyphorusaegrotuslimbatus Casey, 1912 [= Philolithusaegrotusaegrotus (LeConte, 1861)]; Pelecyphoruscorporalis Casey, 1912, Pelecyphorusreptans Casey, 1912, Pelecyphorussocer Casey, 1912, Pelecyphorusabscissus Casey, 1912, Pelecyphorusfumosus Casey, 1912, Pelecyphorusparvus Casey, 1912, Pelecyphorusmorbillosuspacatus Casey, 1912, Pelecyphorusmorbillosussobrius Casey, 1912, Pelecyphoruspiceus Casey, 1912, Pelecyphoruspiceuscrudelis Casey, 1912, Pelecyphorussnowi Casey, 1912, and Pelecyphorussubtenuis Casey, 1912 [= Philolithusmorbillosus (LeConte, 1858)]; Bothrasidasanctae-agnae Wilke, 1922 [= Stenomorphafunesta (Champion, 1884)]; Asidaflaccida Horn, 1896 [= Stenomorphaembaphionides (Horn, 1894)]; Asidaangustula Casey, 1890, Stethasidastricta Casey, 1912, Stethasidamuricatulalanguida Casey, 1912, Stethasidapertinax Casey, 1912, Stethasidasocors Casey, 1912, Stethasidaangustulainepta Casey, 1912, Stethasidatenax Casey, 1912, and Stethasidavegrandis Casey, 1912 [= Stenomorphamuricatula (LeConte, 1851)]; Stethasidaobsoletaexpansa Casey, 1912, Stethasidaobsoletaopacella Casey, 1912, Stethasidabrevipes Casey, 1912, Stethasidatorpida Casey, 1912, Stethasidaconvergens Casey, 1912, Stethasidadiscreta Casey, 1912, Stethasidalongula Casey, 1912, Stethasidaadumbrata Casey, 1912, Stethasidaocculta Casey, 1912, Stethasidatarsalis Casey, 1912, Stethasidaunica Casey, 1912, and Pelecyphoruslaevigatus Papp, 1961 [= Stenomorphaobsoleta (LeConte, 1851)]; Trichiasidaeremica Wilke, 1922 [= Stenomorphadifficilis (Champion, 1884)]; Trichiasidalineatopilosa Casey, 1912 [= Stenomorphahirsuta (LeConte, 1851)]; Trichiasidatenella Casey, 1912 [= Stenomorphahispidula (LeConte, 1851)]; Trichiasidaduplex Casey, 1912 [= Stenomorphavillosa (Champion, 1884)]; Alaudessquamosa Blaisdell, 1919, Alaudestestacea Blaisdell, 1919, and Alaudesfallax Fall, 1928 [= Alaudessingularis Horn, 1870]; Edrotesbarrowsi Dajoz, 1999 [=Edrotesventricosus LeConte, 1851]; Nyctoporistetrica Casey, 1907 and Nyctoporismaura Casey, 1907 [= Nyctoporisaequicollis Eschscholtz, 1831]; Nyctoporispullata Casey, 1907 [= Nyctoporissponsa Casey, 1907]; Eleodestibialisformaoblonga Blaisdell, 1909 [= Eleodestibialis Blaisdell, 1909]; Eleodes (manni var.) variolosa Blaisdell, 1917 [= Eleodesconstrictus LeConte, 1858]; Eleodescordataformasublaevis Blaisdell, 1909, Eleodescordataformaintermedia Blaisdell, 1909, Eleodescordataformaoblonga Blaisdell, 1909, Eleodescordataformaelongata Blaisdell, 1909, and Eleodes (cordata var.) adulterina Blaisdell, 1917 [= Eleodescordata Eschscholtz, 1829]; Eleodeshorniivar.monticula Blaisdell, 1918 and Eleodesmannisierra Blaisdell, 1925 [= Eleodesfuchsii Blaisdell, 1909]; Eleodesparvicollisvar.squalida Blaisdell, 1918 [= Eleodesparvicollis Eschscholtz, 1829]; Eleodesreflexicollis Mannerheim, 1843 and EleodesparvicollisformafarallonicaBlaisdell, 1909 [= Eleodesplanata Eschscholtz, 1829]; Eleodesindentata Blaisdell, 1935 [= Eleodesrotundipennis LeConte, 1857]; Eleodesintricata Mannerheim, 1843 [= Eleodesscabrosa Eschscholtz, 1829]; Eleodeshornifenyesi Blaisdell, 1925 [= Eleodestenebrosa Horn, 1870]; Eleodescordatavar.horrida Blaisdell, 1918 [= Eleodestuberculata Eschscholtz, 1829]; Eleodesoblonga Blaisdell, 1933 [= Eleodesversatilis Blaisdell, 1921]; Eleodesdentipesmarinae Blaisdell, 1921 [= Eleodesdentipes Eschscholtz, 1829]; Eleodescarbonariaformaglabra Blaisdell, 1909 [= Eleodescarbonariacarbonaria (Say, 1824)]; Eleodesgranosaformafortis Blaisdell, 1909 [= Eleodesgranosa LeConte, 1866]; Eleodespilosaformaordinata Blaisdell, 1909 [= Eleodespilosa Horn, 1870]; Trogloderuscostatuspappi Kulzer, 1960 [= Trogloderustuberculatus Blaisdell, 1909]; Trogloderuscostatusmayhewi Papp, 1961 [= Trogloderusvandykei La Rivers, 1946]; Bolitophaguscristatus Gosse, 1840 [= Bolitotheruscornutus (Fabricius, 1801)]; Eleatesexplanatus Casey, 1890 [= Eleatesdepressus (Randall, 1838)]; Blapstinussonorae Casey, 1890 [= Blapstinusbrevicollis LeConte, 1851]; Blapstinusfalli Blaisdell, 1929 [= Blapstinuscastaneus Casey, 1890]; Blapstinusbrunneus Casey, 1890 and Blapstinuscoronadensis Blaisdell, 1892 [=Blapstinushistricus Casey, 1890]; Blapstinushesperius Casey, 1890 [=Blapstinusintermixtus Casey, 1890]; Blapstinuscinerascens Fall, 1929 [= Blapstinuslecontei Mulsant and Rey, 1859]; Blapstinusniger Casey, 1890 and Blapstinuscribricollis Casey, 1890 [= Blapstinuspimalis Casey, 1885]; Blapstinusarenarius Casey, 1890 [= Blapstinuspratensis LeConte, 1859]; Blapstinusgregalis Casey, 1890 [= Blapstinussubstriatus Champion, 1885]; Blapstinushydropicus Casey, 1890 [= Blapstinussulcatus LeConte, 1851]; Blapstinushospes Casey, 1890 [= Blapstinusvestitus LeConte, 1859]; Notibiusreflexus Horn, 1894 [= Conibiusopacus (LeConte, 1866)]; Notibiusaffinis Champion, 1885 [=Conibiusrugipes (Champion, 1885)]; Conibiusparallelus LeConte, 1851 [= Conibiusseriatus LeConte, 1851]; Nocibiotesrubripes Casey, 1895 [=Nocibiotescaudatus Casey, 1895]; Nocibiotesgracilis Casey, 1895 and Nocibiotesacutus Casey, 1895 [=Nocibiotesgranulatus (LeConte, 1851)]; Conibiusalternatus Casey, 1890 [= Tonibiussulcatus (LeConte, 1851)]; Pedinussuturalis Say, 1824 [= Alaetrinusminimus (Palisot de Beauvois, 1817)]; Menedriolongipennis Motschulsky, 1872 [= Tenebrioobscurus Fabricius, 1792]; Hymenophorusmegops Hatch, 1965 and Telesiclesmagnus Hatch, 1965 [= Hymenorussinuatus Fall, 1931]; Andrimusconcolor Casey, 1891 and Andrimusconvergens Casey, 1891 [= Andrimusmurrayi (LeConte, 1866)]; Mycetocharamarshalli Campbell, 1978 [= Mycetocharaperplexata Marshall, 1970]; Phaleriaglobosa LeConte, 1857 [= Phaleriapicta Mannerheim, 1843]. The following subspecies of Trogloderuscostatus LeConte, 1879 are given species rank: Trogloderusnevadus La Rivers, 1943, Trogloderustuberculatus Blaisdell, 1909, and Trogloderusvandykei La Rivers, 1946. The following taxa, previously thought to be junior synonyms, are considered valid: Amphidora Eschscholtz, 1829; Xysta Eschscholtz, 1829; Helopsconfluens (Casey, 1924). Two new combinations are proposed: Stenomorphaspinimana (Champion, 1892) and Stenomorphatenebrosa (Champion, 1892) [from the genus Parasida Casey, 1912]. The type species [placed in square brackets] of the following 12 genus-group taxa are designated for the first time: Lagriola Kirsch, 1874 [Lagriolaoperosa Kirsch, 1874]; Locrodes Casey, 1907 [Emmenastuspiceus Casey, 1890]; Falacer Laporte, 1840 [Acanthopuscupreus Laporte, 1840 (= Helopscontractus Palisot de Beauvois, 1812)]; Blapylis Horn, 1870 [Eleodescordata Eschscholtz, 1829]; Discogenia LeConte, 1866 [Eleodesscabricula LeConte, 1858]; Metablapylis Blaisdell, 1909 [Eleodesnigrina LeConte, 1858]; Steneleodes Blaisdell, 1909 [Eleodeslongicollis LeConte, 1851]; Scaptes Champion, 1886 [Scaptessquamulatus Champion, 1886 (= Asidatropica Kirsch, 1866)]; Aspidius Mulsant and Rey, 1859 [Blapspunctata Fabricius, 1792]; Cryptozoon Schaufuss, 1882 [Cryptozooncivile Schaufuss, 1882]; Halophalerus Crotch, 1874 [Phaleriarotundata LeConte, 1851]; Dignamptus LeConte, 1878 [Dignamptusstenochinus LeConte, 1878]. Two species previously known from South America [Niliolebasi J. Thomson and Platydemaerotyloides Chevrolat] are reported for the first time from North America.
Este catálogo incluye todos los grupos válidos de nivel famili (8 subfamilias, 52 tribus, 14 subtribus), de nivel género (349 géneros, 86 subgéneros) y de nivel especie (2825 especies, 215 subespecies) de tenebriónidos (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) presentes en América del Norte y sus sinónimos disponibles. Se dan datos sobre los táxones existentes, subfósiles y fósiles. Para cada nombre, el autor, el año y el número de página de la descripción se complementan con información adicional dependiendo de la categoría del taxon (por ejemplo, especies tipo para nombres de nivel género, autor de sinonimias para táxones no válidos).
Se incluyen varios nuevos actos nomenclaturales. Un nuevo género, Lepidocnemeplatia Bousquet y Bouchard, se describe. Spelaebiosis Bousquet y Bouchard [para Ardoinia Özdikmen, 2004], Blapstinusmarcuzzii Aalbu [para Blapstinuskulzeri Marcuzzi, 1977] e Hymenoruscampbelli Bouchard [para Hymenorusoculatus Doyen y Poinar, 1994] se proponen como nuevos nombres de reemplazo. Se proporciona evidencia de uso para la conservación de Tarpelamicans (Fabricius, 1798) nomen protectum sobre Tarpelavittata (Olivier, 1793) nomen oblitum. Los nombres genéricos Psilomera Motschulsky, 1870 [= Stenomorpha Solier, 1836], Steneleodes Blaisdell, 1909 [= Xysta Eschscholtz, 1829], Ooconibius Casey, 1895 y Euconibius Casey, 1895 [= Conibius LeConte, 1851] sonnuevos sinónimos (nombres válidos en corchetes). Se proponen las siguientes 127 nuevas sinonimias de nombres de nivel especie (ver lista en el «Resumen»), enumerados en su combinación original (nombres válidos, listados en su combinación actual, colocados entre corchetes). Las siguientes subespecies de Trogloderuscostatus LeConte, 1879 reciben categoría de especie: Trogloderusnevadus La Rivers, 1943, Trogloderustuberculatus Blaisdell, 1909 y Trogloderusvandykei La Rivers, 1946. Los siguientes táxones, que anteriormente se consideraban sinónimos más modernos, se consideran válidos: Amphidora Eschscholtz, 1829, Xysta Eschscholtz, 1829, Helopsconfluens (Casey, 1924). Se proponen dos nuevas combinaciones: Stenomorphaspinimana (Champion, 1892) y Stenomorphatenebrosa (Champion, 1892) [del género Parasida Casey, 1912]. Las especies tipo [colocadas entre corchetes] de los siguientes 12 táxones del nivel génerosse designan por primera vez: Lagriola Kirsch, 1874 [Lagriolaoperosa Kirsch, 1874]; Locrodes Casey, 1907 [Emmenastuspiceus Casey, 1890]; Falacer Laporte, 1840 [Acanthopuscupreus Laporte, 1840 (= Helopscontractus Palisot de Beauvois, 1812)]; Blapylis Horn, 1870 [Eleodescordata Eschscholtz, 1829]; Discogenia LeConte, 1866 [Eleodesscabricula LeConte, 1858]; Metablapylis Blaisdell, 1909 [Eleodesnigrina LeConte, 1858]; Steneleodes Blaisdell, 1909 [Eleodeslongicollis LeConte, 1851]; Scaptes Champion, 1886 [Scaptessquamulatus Champion, 1886 (= Asidatropica Kirsch, 1866)]; Aspidius Mulsant y Rey, 1859 [Blapspunctata Fabricius, 1792]; Cryptozoon Schaufuss, 1882 [Cryptozooncivile Schaufuss, 1882]; Halophalerus Crotch, 1874 [Phaleriarotundata LeConte, 1851]; Dignamptus LeConte, 1878 [Dignamptusstenochinus LeConte, 1878]. Dos especies previamente conocidas de América del Sur [Niliolebasi J. Thomson y Platydemaerotyloides Chevrolat] se mencionan por primera vez de América del Norte.
Ce catalogue liste tous les noms de niveau famille (8 sous-familles, 52 tribus, 14 sous-tribus), genre (349 genres, 86 sous-genres), et espèce (2825 espèces, 215 sous-espèces) de Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera:) recensés en Amérique du Nord ainsi que leurs synonymes disponibles. Le catalogue inclut les taxons actuels, subfossiles et fossiles. L’auteur ainsi que l’année et la pagination de la description sont inclus pour chaque nom scientifique et, pour certains de ces noms, des renseignements additionnels (par exemple, l’espèce-type pour les noms de niveau genre, l’auteur de la synonymie des noms invalides des niveaux genre et espèce).
Plusieurs nouveaux actes nomenclaturaux sont proposés. On décrit un nouveau genre, Lepidocnemeplatia Bousquet et Bouchard. Spelaebiosis Bousquet et Bouchard [pour Ardoinia Özdikmen, 2004], Blapstinusmarcuzzii Aalbu [pour Blapstinuskulzeri Marcuzzi, 1977] et Hymenoruscampbelli Bouchard [pour Hymenorusoculatus Doyen and Poinar, 1994] sont des nouveaux noms de remplacement. On fournit les évidences nécessaires pour conserver l’usage actuel du nom Tarpelamicans (Fabricius, 1798) nomen protectum sur celui de Tarpelavittata (Olivier, 1793) nomen oblitum. Les noms génériques Psilomera Motschulsky, 1870 [= Stenomorpha Solier, 1836], Steneleodes Blaisdell, 1909 [= Xysta Eschscholtz, 1829], Ooconibius Casey, 1895 et Euconibius Casey, 1895 [= Conibius LeConte, 1851] sont des nouveaux synonymes (noms valides placés entre crochets). On propose 127 nouveaux synonymes de noms de niveau espèce (voir la liste dans « Abstract »), listés par leur combinaison originelle (noms valides, listés par leur combinaison actuelle, placés entre crochets). On élève au rang d’espèce les sous-espèces suivantes de Trogloderuscostatus LeConte, 1879: Trogloderusnevadus La Rivers, 1943, Trogloderustuberculatus Blaisdell, 1909, et Trogloderusvandykei La Rivers, 1946. On redonne le statut de taxons valides aux entités suivantes considérées à tort comme invalides: Amphidora Eschscholtz, 1829, Xysta Eschscholtz, 1829, et Helopsconfluens (Casey, 1924). On propose les combinaisons nouvelles suivantes: Stenomorphaspinimana (Champion, 1892) et Stenomorphatenebrosa (Champion, 1892) [auparavant placés dans le genre Parasida Casey, 1912]. On désigne pour la première fois l’espèce type [placée entre crochets] des 12 noms suivants de niveau genre: Lagriola Kirsch, 1874 [Lagriolaoperosa Kirsch, 1874]; Locrodes Casey, 1907 [Emmenastuspiceus Casey, 1890]; Falacer Laporte, 1840 [Acanthopuscupreus Laporte, 1840 (= Helopscontractus Palisot de Beauvois, 1812)]; Blapylis Horn, 1870 [Eleodescordata Eschscholtz, 1829]; Discogenia LeConte, 1866 [Eleodesscabricula LeConte, 1858]; Metablapylis Blaisdell, 1909 [Eleodesnigrina LeConte, 1858]; Steneleodes Blaisdell, 1909 [Eleodeslongicollis LeConte, 1851]; Scaptes Champion, 1886 [Scaptessquamulatus Champion, 1886 (= Asidatropica Kirsch, 1866)]; Aspidius Mulsant and Rey, 1859 [Blapspunctata Fabricius, 1792]; Cryptozoon Schaufuss, 1882 [Cryptozooncivile Schaufuss, 1882]; Halophalerus Crotch, 1874 [Phaleriarotundata LeConte, 1851]; Dignamptus LeConte, 1878 [Dignamptusstenochinus LeConte, 1878]. Deux espèces, auparavant documentées seulement de l’Amérique du Sud [Niliolebasi J. Thomson and Platydemaerotyloides Chevrolat], sont rapportées pour la première fois d’Amérique du Nord.
North AmericanomenclatureLepidocnemeplatianew genusnew replacement namesCitation
Bousquet Y, Thomas DB, Bouchard P, Smith AD, Aalbu RL, Johnston AM, Steiner WE Jr. (2018) Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America. ZooKeys 728: 1–455. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.728.20602
Introduction
Darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) form a species-rich and morphologically diverse family with approximately 2300 genera and 20000 species worldwide (Matthews et al. 2010), and many more taxa to be described. The first thorough classification of the Tenebrionidae was provided by Lacordaire (1859) and was based entirely on the external morphology of adults. With relatively few exceptions, his classification schema was followed by subsequent workers for approximately 100 years (Watt 1967). The family classification was eventually reviewed using morphological characters of immature stages (Watt 1975) although significant changes did not appear until the first comprehensive investigation of adult internal structures including defense glands, female ovipositor, and female genital tube (Tschinkel and Doyen 1980, Doyen and Tschinkel 1982). The first higher-level phylogeny of the family based on molecular data was published only recently (Kergoat et al. 2014). As a result of these comparative and phylogenetic studies, several taxa previously treated as separate families (e.g., Lagriidae, Alleculidae, Nilionidae) are now included within Tenebrionidae. Additionally, many taxa previously included in Tenebrionidae are now classified in other families (see Table 1 for North American genera, Aalbu (2006) for worldwide taxa).
List of North American genera previously included in Tenebrionidae but currently classified in another family.
Genus
Current placement
Boros Herbst, 1797
Boridae
Dacoderus LeConte, 1858
Salpingidae
Megazopherus Casey, 1907
Zopheridae
Meralius Casey, 1907
Zopheridae
Noserodes Casey, 1907
Zopheridae
Noserus LeConte, 1862
Zopheridae
Nosoderma Solier, 1841
Zopheridae
Phellopsis LeConte, 1862
Zopheridae
Phloeodes LeConte, 1862
Zopheridae
Sesaspis Casey, 1907
Zopheridae
Usechus Motschulsky, 1845
Zopheridae
Verodes Casey, 1907
Zopheridae
Zopherinus Casey, 1907
Zopheridae
Zopherodes Casey, 1907
Zopheridae
Zopherus Laporte, 1840
Zopheridae
The aim of this work is to synthesize available taxonomic, nomenclatural, and distributional information for all darkling beetles known from North America.
MethodsNomenclatural data
All nomenclaturally available family-, genus- and species-group names are included. Extant taxa and subfossils from the Pleistocene (see Doyen and Miller 1980, Doyen and Poinar 1994) are given in the main catalogue. Impression fossils from major North American deposits are listed in Appendix 1, although the taxonomic assignment of these often-fragmentary fossils needs to be confirmed. Fossil species described from amber are listed in Appendix 2. Taxa incorrectly recorded from North America are given in Appendix 3. Subfamilies are listed in a phylogenetic framework but valid tribal, generic, and specific names are given in alphabetic order; listings of all invalid names are chronological.
The author and year and page number of the original description are provided for each scientific name. The type genus for each family-group name and the type species and type fixation for each genus-group name are included. The reference in which a given generic or specific name is first placed in synonymy with the current valid name is listed. Type-species designations in Lucas (1920) were accepted when a single species was listed under a particular genus-group name (see Alonso-Zarazaga and Lyal 2009, Bousquet et al. 2015). For genera with valid subgenera, synonyms are given under the nominotypical subgenus when relevant. Every species-group name are listed in its original combination, as given in the publication even if the agreement in gender with the generic name is incorrect. In cases where a species-group name older than the one currently recognized as valid is available but of doubtful application (e.g., Latridiuspubescens Say, 1826), we have retained usage of the younger, accepted name as valid and treated the older name as nomen dubium. The synonymy list for adventive species focuses primarily on names used in the North American literature, other sources (e.g., Löbl et al. 2008a) can be consulted for data on all invalid names.
The classification used follows Bouchard et al. (2011) but also includes corrections and subsequent additions.
The gender of all valid genera listed in the catalogue has been determined following the provision of Article 30 (ICZN 1999) and indicated after the name using the initials M [Masculine], F [Feminine], and N [Neuter]. Therefore, the gender of the generic names Liodema, Platydema, and Scaphidema is herein treated as feminine following Article 30.1.3 (ICZN 1999; see Kerzhner (2003) and Löbl and Smetana (2010: 34) for further comments); the ending is derived from the Greek “demas (body silhouette).” The gender of Alaudes is treated as masculine following Article 30.2.4 (ICZN 1999). The gender of Eleodes, originally treated as feminine by Eschscholtz (1829), was changed to masculine by Somerby and Doyen (1976) and has been followed subsequently in the literature. However, Eleodes is feminine following Article 30.1.4.4 (ICZN 1999) which says that “a compound genus-group name ending in the suffix ... -odes is to be treated as masculine unless its author, when establishing the name, stated that it had another gender or treated it as such by combining it with an adjectival species-group name in another gender form.”
If necessary, the ending of all valid species-group names has been modified according to the gender of the generic name with which the species is currently combined. All specific names that are nouns in apposition need not agree in gender with the generic name and retain their original endings.
The author(s) of every new nomenclatural act proposed in the catalogue is given in square brackets (e.g., “[ADS]”) except for the first typification of genus-group names. One of these new acts needs further development. The genus-group taxon Lepidocnemeplatia was proposed by Kaszab (1938: 80) as a subgenus of Cnemeplatia Costa, 1847 to include two species, Cnemeplatialaticollis Champion, 1885 and C.sericea Horn, 1870. Unfortunately, Kaszab did not designate a type species for his new genus and therefore the name is unavailable from that date (ICZN 1999: Article 13.3). Löbl and Merkl (2003: 245) designated C.sericea Horn, 1870 as type species of Lepidocnemeplatia, the first typification for the taxon, and subsequently Löbl et al. (2008a: 140) credited authorship of the name to Löbl and Merkl (2003). However, since Löbl and Merkl (2003: 245) failed to indicate that they were establishing a new nominal taxon, a mandatory requirement for all new names published after 1999 (ICZN 1999: Article 16.1), the name cannot be attributed to them and is still a nomen nudum. In order to make the name available we here proposed the generic name Lepidocnemeplatia2 Bousquet and Bouchard, new genus; type species (here designated): Cnemeplatiasericea Horn, 1870. The reader is referred to Kaszab (1938: 79–80, couplet 1" of his key) for a description of the character states that differentiate the taxon (ICZN 1999: Article 13.1.2). A summary of all new nomenclatural acts is available in the Abstract.
Distributional data
This catalogue documents all species of Tenebrionidae from Greenland, Alaska, and Canada south to Panama, and also includes islands of the West Indies. Records from the Netherlands Antilles (consisting of several islands in the West Indies), the Venezuelan island Margarita, and Trinidad and Tobago off the northeast coast of Venezuela are not included since the fauna of these islands is more closely affiliated with the South American fauna. When known, the states (for Mexico and continental United States) and the provinces and territories (for Canada) are listed in parentheses for each species. For West Indian records, we give the political unit names for species found in the Lucayan Archipelago and Greater Antilles, occasionally with specific islands in parenthesis; political unit names are not provided for species occurring in the Lesser Antilles (LAN) and Virgin Islands (VIS), though sometimes we include specific islands in parentheses, especially when the species is known from only one or two islands. Further details regarding the West Indies geographical units can be found in Ivie and Hart (2016: Table 1).
Many Mexican state records in this catalogue came from localities listed by Champion in volume IV, parts 1 and 2, of the Biologia Centrali-Americana [1884–1893] and the gazetteer of Selander and Vaurie (1962) was used consistently to associate localities with states (including the federal district).
Amongst the geographical units used (see list below), HIS (for Hispaniola) is used when only the island record is known and LC (for Lower California) when only the peninsula record is known. South America (SA) is placed at the end of a species record list to indicate that the species extends into South America. Distributional records listed in square brackets (e.g., “[NM]”) are considered doubtful. South American species introduced accidentally into North America are indicated with a subscript “i” beside the country record (i.e., “USAi”).
Bibliographic data
References are provided for all scientific names included if a page number (related to the description of the taxon) is provided after the year of publication. Based on evidence previously published (see Bousquet 2016a: 211, 265), the dates of publication of Germar’s Coleopterorumspeciesnovae dated 1824 on its title page, and of Hope’s The Coleopterist’s manual, part the third, dated 1840 on its title page, are given as 1823 and 1841 respectively.
As discussed by Bousquet (2016b), Mäklin's “Monographie der Gattung Strongylium” was published in 1867, not 1864 as given by several authors.
List of acronyms used for geographic units3
BAH Bahamas
BEL Belize
BER Bermuda
CAN Canada [AB: Alberta; BC: British Columbia; MB: Manitoba; NB: New Brunswick; NF: Newfoundland and Labrador; NS: Nova Scotia; NT: Northwest Territories; NU: Nunavut; ON: Ontario; PE: Prince Edward Island; QC: Quebec; SK: Saskatchewan; YT: Yukon Territory]
CAY Cayman Islands
CRI Costa Rica
CUB Cuba
DOM Dominican Republic
GRE Greenland
GUA Guatemala
HAI Haiti
HIS Hispaniola
HON Honduras
JAM Jamaica
LAN Lesser Antilles (including among others Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Saint Lucia, Grenada, Barbados)
USA United States of America [AK: Alaska; AL: Alabama; AR: Arkansas; AZ: Arizona; CA: California; CO: Colorado; CT: Connecticut; DC: District of Columbia; DE: Delaware; FL: Florida; GA: Georgia; IA: Iowa; ID: Idaho; IL: Illinois; IN: Indiana; KS: Kansas; KY: Kentucky; LA: Louisiana; MA: Massachusetts; MD: Maryland; ME: Maine; MI: Michigan; MN: Minnesota; MO: Missouri; MS: Mississippi; MT: Montana; NC: North Carolina; ND: North Dakota; NE: Nebraska; NH: New Hampshire; NJ: New Jersey; NM: New Mexico; NV: Nevada; NY: New York; OH: Ohio; OK: Oklahoma; OR: Oregon; PA: Pennsylvania; RI: Rhode Island; SC: South Carolina; SD: South Dakota; TN: Tennessee; TX: Texas; UT: Utah; VA: Virginia; VT: Vermont; WA: Washington; WI: Wisconsin; WV: West Virginia; WY: Wyoming]
VIS Virgin Islands [includes US Virgin Islands and British Virgin Islands: Saint Thomas, Saint Croix]
SA South America
ResultsOverall diversity
A total of 128 valid and invalid family-group, 612 genus-group, and 4065 species-group taxa (excluding fossils listed in Appendices 1, 2) are listed in this catalogue. The subfamily Pimeliinae is the most diverse with 908 valid species-group taxa, followed by the Tenebrioninae (808), Alleculinae (418), Stenochiinae (361), Diaperinae (260), Lagriinae (256), Phrenapatinae (22), and Nilioninae (6). Thirty-seven species in three subfamilies are adventive (Table 2), several of which are pests of stored grain products. Mexico and the continental United States of America are by far the most diverse political regions with 1224 and 1230 valid species-group taxa respectively, while at the other extreme Greenland and Bermuda only have two each (Table 3).
List of adventive species documented in North America. Data on the origin, date of first detection in North America, and microhabitat associations in nature are given for each species as far as known. * = pest of stored grain products.
Number of valid species-group taxa by political region. Data excludes impression and amber fossils.
Political region
Lagriinae
Nilioninae
Phrenapatinae
Pimeliinae
Tenebrioninae
Alleculinae
Diaperinae
Stenochiinae
Total
BAH: Bahamas
0
0
0
8
22
14
25
1
70
BEL: Belize
20
0
3
2
20
5
32
28
110
BER: Bermuda
0
0
0
0
1
0
1
0
2
CAN: Canada
7
0
2
8
58
28
24
10
137
CAY: Cayman Islands
1
0
0
1
14
4
16
0
36
CRI: Costa Rica
44
0
6
12
27
23
40
44
196
CUB: Cuba
2
0
0
23
57
25
37
31
175
DOM: Dominican Republic
0
0
0
2
18
13
19
19
71
GRE: Greenland
0
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
2
GUA: Guatemala
60
2
4
20
70
57
66
71
350
HAI: Haiti
2
0
0
3
10
8
13
11
47
HON: Honduras
1
0
0
8
10
5
16
3
43
JAM: Jamaica
2
0
1
3
19
11
17
0
53
LAN: Lesser Antilles
11
0
3
6
50
11
31
18
130
MEX: Mexico
101
1
4
392
348
135
129
115
1225
NIC: Nicaragua
41
1
3
16
49
19
36
62
227
PAN: Panama
70
5
8
13
51
41
60
87
335
PRI: Puerto Rico
3
0
1
2
22
4
19
10
61
SAL: El Salvador
0
0
0
2
4
4
8
0
18
TUR: Turks and Caicos Islands
0
0
0
0
1
2
2
0
5
USA: United States of America
38
0
2
546
362
154
79
46
1227
VIS: Virgin Islands
0
0
0
0
3
2
1
1
7
A significant proportion of new species-group taxa (41%) were described between the years 1880 and 1910 (Fig. 1). A noticeable decrease in the number of new species-group taxa proposed occurred between 1940–1960, with a small resurgence since then (at a rate of approximately 100 new taxa per decade, see Figs 1, 2). Over 3000 North American species-group taxa are currently recognized as valid (Fig. 2), approximately 15% of the world fauna.
Cumulative number of North American species-group taxa described over time, by decade. Data excludes adventive species as well as impression and amber fossils. Line with square marker = total available taxa, line with circular marker = currently valid taxa.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/178544Significant contributions (see Table 4)
The British entomologist George Charles Champion [b. 1851, d. 1927], working on the fauna of Mexico and Central America, proposed the highest number of new tenebrionid taxa found on the continent (83 genus-group, 906 species-group taxa) followed by the American Thomas Lincoln Casey [b. 1857, d. 1925], working mainly on the fauna of the United States of America (80 genus-group, 792 species-group taxa). Frank Ellsworth Blaisdell [b. 1862, d. 1947] (338 species-group taxa), John Lawrence LeConte [b. 1825, d. 1883] (270 species-group taxa), George Henry Horn [b. 1840, d. 1897] (133 species-group taxa), and John Milton Campbell [b. 1935] (103 species-group taxa) also contributed significantly to describing the North American darkling beetle fauna.
Significant contributions to the description of new North American Tenebrionidae genus-group and species-group taxa (list includes the top ten contributors in each category). Data excludes adventive taxa as well as impression and amber fossils. * = given in parentheses is the country where the person produced taxonomic works, when different from the country of origin.
Author
Country of origin*
New genus-group names
New species-group names
Blaisdell, Frank Ellsworth
USA
20
338
Campbell, John Milton
USA (Canada)
10
103
Casey, Thomas Lincoln
USA
80
792
Champion, George Charles
United Kingdom
83
906
Dejean, Pierre Francois Marie Auguste
France
16
0
Doyen, John Thomas
USA
5
79
Fall, Henry Clinton
USA
1
66
Horn, George Henry
USA
20
133
Laporte, Francois Louis (Comte de Castelnau)
United Kingdom (France)
12
40
LeConte, John Lawrence
USA
56
277
Maklin, Friedrich [Fredrik] Wilhelm
Finland
3
66
Marcuzzi, Giorgio
Italy
7
84
Motschulsky, Victor de
Russia
12
24
Mulsant, Martial Etienne
France
13
18
Pascoe, Francis Polkinghorne
United Kingdom
12
4
Solier, Antoine Joseph Jean
France
17
35
Triplehorn, Charles Albert
USA
4
86
Catalogue of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera) of North America
Family TENEBRIONIDAE Latreille, 1802
Tenebrionites Latreille, 1802: 165. Type genus: Tenebrio Linnaeus, 1758.
Subfamily LAGRIINAE Latreille, 1825
Lachnaedes Billberg, 1820a: 34. Type genus: Lachna Billberg, 1820 (= Lagria Fabricius, 1775). Nomen oblitum (see Favret and Bouchard 2016).
Lagriariae Latreille, 1825: 381. Type genus: Lagria Fabricius, 1775. Note. Use of younger family-group name conserved over Lachnina Billberg, 1820 (ICZN 1999: Article 40.2) (see Bouchard et al. 2005).
Tribe Belopini Reitter, 1917
Belopinae Reitter, 1917: 59. Type genus: Belopus Gebien, 1911.
Genus Adelonia Laporte, 1840 [F]
Adelonia Laporte, 1840: 221. Type species: Ulomafiliformis Laporte, 1840, monotypy.
Eschatoporini Blaisdell, 1906: 78. Type genus: Eschatoporis Blaisdell, 1906.
Genus Eschatoporis Blaisdell, 1906 [M]
Eschatoporis Blaisdell, 1906: 76. Type species: Eschatoporisnunenmacheri Blaisdell, 1906, monotypy.
Eschatoporisnunenmacheri Blaisdell, 1906USA (CA)
Eschatoporisnunenmacheri Blaisdell, 1906: 78.
Eschatoporisstyx Aalbu, Kanda and Smith, 2017USA (CA)
Eschatoporisstyx Aalbu, Kanda and Smith, 2017: 140.
Tribe Goniaderini Lacordaire, 1859
Goniadérides Lacordaire, 1859: 390. Type genus: Goniadera Perty, 1832.
Phobeliina Ardoin, 1961: 33. Type genus: Phobelius Blanchard, 1845.
Genus Anaedus Blanchard, 1842 [M]
Aspisoma Duponchel and Chevrolat, 1841: 210 [junior homonym of Aspisoma Laporte, 1833]. Type species: Aspisomafulvipenne Duponchel and Chevrolat, 1841, original designation.
Anaedus Blanchard, 1842: pl. 14. Type species: Anaeduspunctatissimus Blanchard, 1842, monotypy. Synonymy: Lacordaire (1859: 396).
Anaedes Agassiz, 1846: 36. Unjustified emendation of Anaedus Blanchard, 1842, not in prevailing usage.
Aspidosoma Agassiz, 1846: 36. Unjustified emendation of Aspisoma Duponchel and Chevrolat, 1841, not in prevailing usage.
Anaedusaeneotinctus Champion, 1893MEX (GE)
Anaedusaeneotinctus Champion, 1893a: 543.
Anaedusapicicornis Champion, 1886MEX (JA) PAN
Anaedusapicicornis Champion, 1886: 236.
Anaedusbrevicollis Champion, 1886GUA
Anaedusbrevicollis Champion, 1886: 236.
Anaedusbrunneus (Ziegler, 1844) [Fig. 3] CAN (ON) USA (AL AR DC FL IN KS KY LA MA MD MO MS NC NJ OH PA RI SC TN VA WI)
Paratenetusexutus Bousquet and Bouchard, 2014CAN (AB MB NB NS ON QC SK) USA (AL AR CT DC FL IA IL IN KS KY LA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC ND NJ NY OH OK PA TN TX VA WI WV)
Paratenetusexutus Bousquet and Bouchard, 2014: 39.
Paratenetusfoveithorax Ferrer and Ødegaard, 2005PAN
Paratenetusfoveithorax Ferrer and Ødegaard, 2005: 635.
Paratenetusfuscus LeConte, 1850 [Fig. 4] CAN (AB BC MB NT ON QC SK) USA (CO CT DC IA KS MA MD MI MT ND NE NM NY OH RI SD TN VT WI WY)
Paratenetuspunctatus Spinola, 1844CAN (MB NB ON QC) USA (AR CT DC GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC TN TX VA VT WI WV WY)
Latridiuspubescens Say, 1826: 265 [nomen dubium, see Bousquet and Bouchard (2014: 33)].
Phobelius Blanchard, 1842: pl. 14. Type species: Phobeliuscrenatus Blanchard, 1842, monotypy.
Phobeliusmexicanus Doyen, 1990MEX (JA) GUA
Phobeliusmexicanus Doyen, 1990: 217.
Phobeliusnevermanni Kulzer, 1961CRI
Phobeliusnevermanni Kulzer, 1961a: 226.
Genus Phymatestes Pascoe, 1867 [M]
Phymatodes Dejean, 1834: 203. Type species: Lagriatuberculata Fabricius, 1792, monotypy. Note. Dejean’s name has been suppressed by the Commission in Opinion 1525 (ICZN 1989).
Phymatestes Pascoe, 1867: 142. Replacement name for Phymatodes Dejean, 1834 [as Phymatodes Blanchard, 1845]. Note. This name has been placed on the Official List of Generic Names in Zoology in Opinion 1525 (ICZN 1989).
Phymatestesagnei Ferrer and Ødegaard, 2005PAN
Phymatestesagnei Ferrer and Ødegaard, 2005: 634.
Phymatestescharbonnelae Ferrer and Moraguès, 2003LAN (Grenada)
Phymatestescharbonnelae Ferrer and Moraguès, 2003: 161.
Genus Prateus LeConte, 1862 [M]
Prateus LeConte, 1862a: 238. Type species: Prateusfusculus LeConte, 1862, original designation.
Prateusfusculus LeConte, 1862USA (AL AR DC FL MD MS NC NY OH OK SC TN TX VA WV) MEX (TA)
Genus Statira Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1828 [F]
Statira Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1828: 479. Type species: Statiraagroides Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1828, subsequent designation (Blanchard 1844: pl. 53bis).
Subgenus Statira Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1828
Statira Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1828: 479. Type species: Statiraagroides Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1828, subsequent designation (Blanchard 1844: pl. 53bis).
Lypropsini Lesne, 1926: 68. Type genus: Luprops Hope, 1833 [as Lyprops, incorrect subsequent spelling of the type genus name, not in prevailing usage].
Genus Lorelus Sharp, 1876 [M]
Lorelus Sharp, 1876: 76. Type species: Loreluspriscus Sharp, 1876, monotypy.
Phrépatides Solier, 1834: 488. Type genus: Phrenapates Gray, 1832.
Genus Delognatha Lacordaire, 1859 [F]
Delognatha Lacordaire, 1859: 315. Type species: Delognathalacordairei Lacordaire, 1859, subsequent designation (Gebien 1940: 756). Note. The name Delognatha Agassiz, 1846 has been suppressed for the purposes of both the Principle of Priority and the Principle of Homonymy in Opinion 2250 (ICZN 2010).
Delognathapersimilis Gebien, 1928CRI
Delognathapersimilis Gebien, 1928a: 142.
Genus Phrenapates Gray, 1832 [M]
Phrenapates Gray [in Griffith and Pidgeon], 1832: 91. Type species: Phrenapatesbennettii Gray, 1832, monotypy.
Phrenapatesbennettii Gray, 1832GUANICCRIPAN / SA
Phrenapatesbennettii Gray [in Griffith and Pidgeon], 1832: 91.
Subfamily PIMELIINAE Latreille, 1802
Pimeliariae Latreille, 1802: 166. Type genus: Pimelia Fabricius, 1775.
Tribe Anepsiini LeConte, 1862
Anepsiini LeConte, 1862a: 215. Type genus: Anepsius LeConte, 1851.
Batuliini Horn, 1870: 270. Type genus: Batulius LeConte, 1851.
Anchommini Horn, 1878b: 558. Type genus: Anchomma LeConte, 1858.
Genus Anchomma LeConte, 1858 [N]
Anchomma LeConte, 1858b: 63. Type species: Anchommacostatum LeConte, 1858, monotypy.
Anchommacostatum LeConte, 1858USA (CA)
Anchommacostatum LeConte, 1858b: 63.
Genus Anepsius LeConte, 1851 [M]
Anepsius LeConte, 1851: 147. Type species: Anepsiusdelicatulus LeConte, 1851, monotypy.
Anepsiusdelicatulus LeConte, 1851USA (AZ CA NV UT) MEX (SO)
Emeaxsculpturatus Pascoe, 1866: 450. Synonymy: Carter (1914: 406).
Nyctoporissponsa Casey, 1907USA (CA)
Nyctoporissponsa Casey, 1907: 510.
Nyctoporispullata Casey, 1907: 510. New synonymy [RLA].
Nyctoporisvandykei Blaisdell, 1931USA (CA)
Nyctoporus [sic!] vandykei Blaisdell, 1931: 41.
Tribe Stenosini Schaum, 1859
Tagénites Solier, 1834: 503. Type genus: Tagenia Latreille, 1802 (= Stenosis Herbst, 1799). Note. Use of younger name Stenosini conserved (Art. 40.2) (see Bouchard et al. 2005: 523).
Stenosidae Schaum, 1859: 66. Type genus: Stenosis Herbst, 1799.
Typhlusechini Casey, 1907: 281. Type genus: Typhlusechus Linell, 1897.
Araeoschizini Casey, 1907: 484. Type genus: Araeoschizus LeConte, 1851.
Genus Araeoschizus LeConte, 1851 [M]
Araeoschizus LeConte, 1851: 138. Type species: Araeoschizuscostipennis LeConte, 1851, monotypy.
Araeoschizussulcicollissulcicollis Horn, 1870USA (CA NV)
Araeoschizussulcicollis Horn, 1870: 274.
Araeoschizustenuis Casey, 1907USA (AZ)
Araeoschizustenuis Casey, 1907: 486.
Araeoschizustexanus Dajoz, 1989USA (TX)
Araeoschizustexanus Dajoz, 1989a: 149.
Araeoschizusutahensis Papp, 1981USA (UT)
Araeoschizusutahensis Papp, 1981: 389.
Araeoschizuswasbauerorum Papp, 1981MEX (SO)
Araeoschizuswasbauerorum Papp, 1981: 342.
Genus Caribanosis Nabozhenko, Kirejtshuk, Merkl, Varela, Aalbu and Smith, 2016 [M]
Caribanosis Nabozhenko, Kirejtshuk, Merkl, Varela, Aalbu and Smith, 2016: 56827. Type species: Rhypasmaquisqueyanus Garrido and Varela, 2011, original designation.
Caribanosisquisqueyanus (Garrido and Varela, 2011)DOM
Rhypasmaquisqueyanus Garrido and Varela, 2011: 32.
Genus Discopleurus Lacordaire, 1859 [M]
Pleurophorus Solier, 1851: 162 [junior homonym of Pleurophorus Mulsant, 1842]. Type species: Pleurophorusquadricollis Solier, 1851, monotypy.
Discopleurus Lacordaire, 1859: 105. Replacement name for Pleurophorus Solier, 1851.
Discopleurusmesoamericanus Aalbu and Andrews, 1996HONCRIPAN
Discopleurusmesoamericanus Aalbu and Andrews, 1996: 27.
Genus Typhlusechus Linell, 1897 [M]
Typhlusechus Linell, 1897: 154. Type species: Typhlusechussingularis Linell, 1897, original designation.
Typhlusechusbalsasensis Aalbu and Andrews, 1985MEX (MI)
Typhlusechusbalsasensis Aalbu and Andrews, 1985: 4.
Typhlusechuschemehuevii Aalbu and Andrews, 1985USA (CA)
Typhlusechuschemehuevii Aalbu and Andrews, 1985: 3.
Typhlusechusignotus Doyen, 1990MEX (JA)
Typhlusechusignotus Doyen, 1990: 227.
Typhlusechuspeninsularis Aalbu and Andrews, 1985MEX (BS)
Typhlusechuspeninsularis Aalbu and Andrews, 1985: 5.
Typhlusechussingularis Linell, 1897USA (CA)
Typhlusechussingularis Linell, 1897: 155.
Typhlusechusspilmani Aalbu and Andrews, 1985USA (TX) MEX (DU)
Alphitobiusdiaperinus (Panzer, 1797) [Fig. 15] CAN (AB BC MB NB NF NS ON PE QC SK) USA (FL GA IN MD MI NC NY OH SC SD VA WA WI) MEX (CH DU GU PU QR VE) NIC / BAHCUBCAYJAMHAIDOMPRILAN / SA – Adventive
Alphitobiusdiaperinus (Panzer, 1797). Scale bar = 1 mm.
https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/178557
Tenebriodiaperinus Panzer, 1797: 16.
Cryptopsulomoides Solier, 1851: 236. Synonymy: Schawaller and Grimm (2014: 174).
Alphitobiuslaevigatus (Fabricius, 1781)CAN (BC NB ON QC) USA (CT FL GA ID IN NY OH OR PA SC SD WA WI) MEX (BS CH CO DU NL TA VE YU) BELNICCRIPAN / CUBCAYJAMPRILAN / SA – Adventive
Phellidius LeConte, 1862a: 236. Type species: Bolitophaguscornutus Fabricius, 1801, original designation. Synonymy: LeConte (1866a: 62).
Bolitotheruscornutus (Fabricius, 1801)38 [Fig. 23] CAN (AB MB NB NS ON PE QC SK) USA (CT FL GA IA IL IN KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MS NC NE NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN TX VAVT WI)
Tarpelavenusta (Say, 1824)USA (AL GA MD MO NC NY OH PA SC TN VA)
Helopsvenustus Say, 1824b: 284.
Tarpelaveraepacis Champion, 1887GUA
Tarpelaveraepacis Champion, 1887: 295.
Tarpelavirescens (Laporte, 1840) “Amérique du Nord”
Helopsvirescens Laporte, 1840: 235.
Tribe Melanimonini Seidlitz, 1894
Microzoumates Mulsant, 1854: 176. Type genus: Microzoum Dejean, 1834 (= Melanimon Steven 1829).
Melanimonina Seidlitz, 1894: 449. Type genus: Melanimon Steven, 1829. Note.Use of younger family-group name conserved (ICZN 1999: Art. 40.2) (see Bouchard et al. 2005).
Genus Cheirodes Gené, 1839 [M]
Cheirodes Gené, 1839: 73. Type species: Cheirodessardous Gené, 1839, monotypy.
Blapstinuslecontii Mulsant and Rey, 1859: 192. Replacement name for Blapstinuspubescens LeConte, 1851.
Blapstinuscinerascens Fall, 1929: 58. New synonymy [based on Davis (1970: 100) unpublished thesis].
Blapstinuscalifornicus Aalbu and Triplehorn, 1991: 170 [junior primary homonym of Blapstinuscalifornicus Motschulsky, 1845]. Replacement name for Blapstinuspubescens LeConte, 1851.
Blapstinuslongicollis Champion, 1885GUANIC
Blapstinuslongicollis Champion, 1885: 126.
Blapstinuslongipennis Champion, 1885MEX (SI)
Blapstinuslongipennis Champion, 1885: 130.
Blapstinuslongulus LeConte, 1851USA (AZ)
Blapstinuslongulus LeConte, 1851: 147.
Blapstinusmarcuzzii Aalbu, new replacement nameJAM
Blapstinusmarcuzzii Aalbu, new replacement name for Blapstinuskulzeri Marcuzzi, 1977.
Blapstinusmetallicus (Fabricius, 1801)CAN (AB MB NB NS ON PE QC SK) USA (CO CT DE FL GA IA IL IN KS LA MA MD MI MN MO MS NC ND NE NH NJ NY OH OR PA RI SC SD VA WI WV WY)
Diastolinusfuscicornis Chevrolat, 1877e: viii. Synonymy: Ivie and Hart (2016: 467).
Blapstinuspuncticollis Champion, 1893MEX (GE)
Blapstinuspuncticollis Champion, 1893a: 529.
Blapstinussimulansbarbadensis Marcuzzi, 1962LAN
Blapstinussimulansbarbadensis Marcuzzi, 1962: 36.
Blapstinussimulanssimulans Marcuzzi, 1954LAN / SA
Blapstinussimulans Marcuzzi, 1954b: 15.
Blapstinusstriatulus Mulsant and Rey, 1859PRILAN (St. Barthélemy)
Blapstinusstriatulus Mulsant and Rey, 1859: 183.
Blapstinusstriatus Guérin-Méneville, 1831CUB
Blapstinusstriatus Guérin-Méneville, 1831a: pl. 4.
Blapstinussubstriatus Champion, 1885 [Fig. 26] CAN (AB BC MB SK YT) USA (AZ CA CO ID KS MN MT ND NM NV OR SD TX UT WA WY) MEX (CH CO DU FD GU ME PU SL VE) NIC
Neatus LeConte, 1862a: 233. Type species: Helopstenebrioides Palisot de Beauvois, 1812, monotypy.
Neatustenebrioides (Palisot de Beauvois, 1812)CAN (AB MB NB ON QC SK) USA (AL AR AZ CA CO CT DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MD MI MN MO MS MT NC ND NE NH NJ NM OH OK PA SC SD TN TX UT VA VT WI WV)
Helops tenebrioïdes Palisot de Beauvois, 1812: 121.
Tenebriorufinasus Say, 1831: 8 [nomen dubium]. Synonymy (in doubt with Tenebriopicipes Herbst sensu North American authors = Neatustenebrioides): Papp (1961d: 130, as rufimanus).
Genus Rhinandrus LeConte, 1866 [M]
Rhinandrus LeConte, 1866b: 119. Type species: Rhinandrusgracilis LeConte, 1866, monotypy.
Menedrio Motschulsky, 1872: 27. Type species: Tenebrioobscurus Fabricius, 1792, original designation. Synonymy: Heyden et al. (1883: 134).
Tenebrionellus Crotch, 1874: 105. Unnecessary replacement name for Tenebrio Linnaeus, 1758.
Tenebriomolitor Linnaeus, 1758 [Fig. 28] CAN (AB BC MB NB NF NS ON PE QC SK) USA (AK FL GA ID IN MA MD MI NC OH OR SC SD WA WI) CRI / CUBPRI – Adventive
Toxiciden Oken, 1843: 484. Type genus: Toxicum Latreille, 1802.
Subtribe Dysantina Gebien, 1922
Dysantinae Gebien, 1922: 289. Type genus: Dysantes Pascoe, 1869.
Eudysantina Bouchard, Lawrence, Davies and Newton, 2005: 508. Type genus: EudysantesBouchard et al., 2005 (= Dysantes Pascoe, 1869). Note. Dysantes Pascoe was first made available in 1869 [on 1 January], not in 1871 as previously noted. The name is a senior homonym of the ichneumonid Dysantes Förster, 1869 [May], which was incorrectly dated 1868. The replacement name of the family-group name proposed by Bouchard et al. (2005) was thus unnecessary. A full explanation about this case will be issued in a forthcoming publication by YB and PB.
Genus Diceroderes Solier, 1841 [M]
Diceroderes Solier, 1841: 30, 46. Type species: Diceroderesmexicanus Solier, 1841, original designation.
Prosomenes Blanchard, 1845: 10. Type species: Diceroderesmexicanus Solier, 1841, subsequent monotypy (Chevrolat 1847: 562). Note. The generic name Prosomenes was listed as a junior synonym of Dicérodères by Blanchard (1845: 10). However, because the name was treated before 1961 as an available name and adopted as the name of a taxon (e.g., Chevrolat 1847: 562), it is made available thereby but dates from its first publication as a synonym (ICZN 1999: Article 11.6.1).
Diceroderescusucoensis Smith, 2015GUAHON
Diceroderescusucoensis Smith [in Smith and Cifuentes-Ruiz], 2015: 62.
Diceroderesmexicanus Solier, 1841MEX (HI PU VE)
Diceroderesmexicanus Solier, 1841: 49.
Diceroderesocozocoautlaensis Smith, 2015MEX (CI)
Diceroderesocozocoautlaensis Smith [in Smith and Cifuentes-Ruiz], 2015: 63.
Diceroderesskelleyi Smith, 2015GUA
Diceroderesskelleyi Smith [in Smith and Cifuentes-Ruiz], 2015: 65.
Diceroderessubtriplehorni Smith and Cifuentes-Ruiz, 2015MEX (OA PU VE)
Diceroderessubtriplehorni Smith and Cifuentes-Ruiz, 2015: 67.
Genus Ozolais Pascoe, 1866 [F]
Ozolais Pascoe, 1866: 457. Type species: Ozolaisscruposa Pascoe, 1866, monotypy.
Ozolaiselongata Champion, 1886NICPAN
Ozolaiselongata Champion, 1886: 228.
Ozolaislutosa Champion, 1886CRI
Ozolaislutosa Champion, 1886: 227.
Ozolaisnodosa Champion, 1886NIC
Ozolaisnodosa Champion, 1886: 228.
Ozolaistuberculifera Champion, 1896LAN
Ozolaistuberculifera Champion, 1896: 10.
Ozolaisverrucosa Champion, 1886PAN
Ozolaisverrucosa Champion, 1886: 226.
Genus Wattius Kaszab, 198256 [M]
Wattius Kaszab, 1982: 50. Type species: Calymmuscucullatus Pascoe, 1871, original designation.
Wattiusandersoni Smith and Sanchez, 2015CUB
Wattiusandersoni Smith and Sanchez, 2015: 118.
Wattiusemmabaconae Smith and Sanchez, 2015DOM
Wattiusemmabaconae Smith and Sanchez, 2015: 121.
Wattiusvariegatus (Champion, 1886)NIC
Calymmusvariegatus Champion, 1886: 225.
Wattiusviatorus Smith and Sanchez, 2015BAHCUB
Wattiusviatorus Smith and Sanchez, 2015: 125.
Tribe Triboliini Gistel, 1848
Triboliidae Gistel, 1848: [4]. Type genus: Tribolium MacLeay, 1825.
Genus Aesymnus Champion, 1886 [M]
Aesymnus Champion, 1886: 168. Type species: Aesymnusnitidus Champion, 1886, monotypy.
Aesymnusnitidus Champion, 1886MEX (VE) PAN
Aesymnusnitidus Champion, 1886: 168.
Genus Hypogena Dejean, 1834 [F]
Hypogena Dejean, 1834: 199. Type species: Tenebriobiimpressus Latreille, 1813, monotypy.
Ulosonia Laporte, 1840: 220. Type species: Ulomatricornis Laporte, 1840 (= Phaleriatricornis Dalman, 1823), subsequent designation (Gebien 1940: 786). Synonymy: Jacquelin du Val (1857: 148).
Hypogenabiimpressa (Latreille, 1813)MEX (CI DU JA OA PU SI TA VE YU) GUABELNICPAN / CUBDOMLAN / SA
Tenebriobiimpressus Latreille, 1813: 17.
Hypogenacanaliculata (Champion, 1886)NICCRIPAN
Ulosoniacanaliculata Champion, 1886: 164.
Hypogenadejeani (Champion, 1886)GUA / SA
Ulosoniadejeani Champion, 1886: 165.
Hypogenadepressa (Champion, 1886)MEX (MO)
Ulosoniadepressa Champion, 1886: 164.
Hypogenamarginata (LeConte, 1851)USA (AZ CA) MEX (BS)
Ulomamarginata LeConte, 1851: 149.
Hypogenatricornis (Dalman, 1823)USA (FL TX) MEX (BS JA OA PU VE YU) GUABELNICCRI / BAHCUBCAY / SA
Tribolium MacLeay, 1825: 47. Type species: Colydiumcastaneum Herbst, 1797, monotypy.
Stene Stephens, 1829: 19. Type species: Tenebrioferrugineus Fabricius sensu auctorum (= Colydiumcastaneum Herbst, 1797), monotypy. Synonymy: Shuckard (1840: vii).
Margus Dejean, 1834: 200. Type species: Tenebrioferrugineus Fabricius sensu auctorum (= Colydiumcastaneum Herbst, 1797), monotypy. Synonymy: Guérin-Méneville (1846: cxvii).
Triboliumaudax Halstead, 1969CAN (AB BC MB ON QC SK) USA (FL MI MN OH PA SD UT VA)
Triboliumaudax Halstead, 1969: 296.
Triboliumcastaneum (Herbst, 1797)CAN (AB BC MB NB NS ON PE QC SK) USA (AL CA FL GA ID IL IN MA MD MI MS NC NY OH OR PA SC SD TN VA WA WI) MEX (BS CO GE NL OA) GUANICPAN / CUBCAYJAMHAIDOMPRILAN / SA – Adventive
Dermestesnavalis Fabricius, 1775: 56. Note. This name was suppressed for the purposes of the Principle of Priority (ICZN 1987).
Triboliumconfusum Jacquelin du Val, 1862 [Fig. 30] CAN (AB BC MB NB NF NS ON PE QC SK) USA (AK CT FL GA ID IL IN MD MI NC NJ NY OH OR PA SC SD VA WA WI) MEX (CO GU NL) PAN / CUBJAMHAIDOMPRI / SA – Adventive
Diopoenus Champion, 1888: 445. Type species: Diopoenuscompressicornis Champion, 1888, monotypy.
Diopoenuscompressicornis Champion, 1888MEX (PU)
Diopoenuscompressicornis Champion, 1888: 445.
Genus Hymenorus Mulsant, 1852 [M]
Hymenorus Mulsant, 1852: 68 [as Hymenophorus]. Type species: Hymenorusdoublieri Mulsant, 1852, monotypy. Note. See Bousquet et al. (2015: 133) for precedence of the spelling Hymenorus over Hymenophorus.
Hymenorusalienus Fall, 1931USA (AZ)
Hymenorusalienus Fall, 1931b: 217.
Hymenorusamericanus Champion, 1888MEX (CL GE VE) GUANIC
Hymenorusamericanus Champion, 1888: 438.
Hymenorusanguillae Campbell, 1971LAN (Anguilla)
Hymenorusanguillae Campbell, 1971: 76.
Hymenorusangustatus Champion, 1888MEX (FD) GUA
Hymenorusangustatus Champion, 1888: 436.
Hymenorusantillensis Campbell, 1971LAN
Hymenorusantillensis Campbell, 1971: 77.
Hymenorusapacheanus Casey, 1891USA (AZ CA)
Hymenorusapacheanus Casey, 1891: 99.
Hymenorusarkansanus Fall, 1931USA (FL AR)
Hymenorusarkansanus Fall, 1931b: 183.
Hymenorusatratus Fall, 1931USA (AZ)
Hymenorusatratus Fall, 1931b: 189.
Hymenorusbadius Champion, 1888MEX (VE)
Hymenorusbadius Champion, 1888: 433.
Hymenorusbahamensis Campbell, 1971BAHCUB
Hymenorusbahamensis Campbell, 1971: 88.
Hymenorusballi Campbell, 2014MEX (CI) GUA
Hymenorusballi Campbell, 2014b: 299.
Hymenorusbifurcatus Campbell, 2014GUA
Hymenorusbifurcatus Campbell, 2014b: 301.
Hymenorusbitumescens Fall, 1931USA (AZ)
Hymenorusbitumescens Fall, 1931b: 194.
Hymenorusbrevicornis Champion, 1888MEX (FD VE)
Hymenorusbrevicornis Champion, 1888: 426.
Hymenorusbrevipes Champion, 1888MEX (GE)
Hymenorusbrevipes Champion, 1888: 435.
Hymenorusbrevis Fall, 1931USA (AZ)
Hymenorusbrevis Fall, 1931b: 230.
Hymenoruscaducus Fall, 1931USA (AL FL)
Hymenoruscaducus Fall, 1931b: 213.
Hymenoruscanaliculatus Champion, 1888MEX (VE)
Hymenoruscanaliculatus Champion, 1888: 428.
Hymenoruscapensis Fall, 1931MEX (BS)
Hymenoruscapensis Fall, 1931b: 205.
Hymenoruscastaneus Champion, 1888MEX (DU)
Hymenoruscastaneus Champion, 1888: 434.
Hymenoruscassus Fall, 1931MEX (BC)
Hymenoruscassus Fall, 1931b: 197.
Hymenoruscaurinus Fall, 1931CAN (BC) USA (OR)
Hymenoruscaurinus Fall, 1931b: 185.
Hymenoruschiriquensis Campbell, 1962PAN
Hymenoruschiriquensis Campbell, 1962: 95.
Hymenoruscolonoides Champion, 1888MEX (GU JA PU VE) GUA
Hymenoruscolonoides Champion, 1888: 435.
Hymenoruscommunis LeConte, 1866USA (FL GA MD NC NY PA SC WI)
Mycetochara Guérin-Méneville, 1827: 346. Replacement name for Mycetophila Gyllenhal, 1810. Note. See Bousquet et al. (2015: 138) for authorship of this name.
Mycetocharis Gyllenhal, 1827: 510. Replacement name for Mycetophila Gyllenhal, 1810.
Mycetochares Latreille, 1829a: 42. Replacement name for Mycetophila Gyllenhal, 1810.
Xystropides Solier, 1835a: 229. Type genus: Xystropus Solier, 1835.
Lystronychides Lacordaire, 1859: 512. Type genus: Lystronychus Latreille, 1829.
Genus Anamphidora Casey, 1924 [F]
Anamphidora Casey, 1924: 330. Type species: Anamphidoraparvula Casey, 1924, original designation.
Anamphidoracampbelli Marshall, 1967USA (TX)
Anamphidoracampbelli Marshall, 1967b: 209.
Anamphidorakimberleei Marshall, 1970MEX (BC)
Anamphidorakimberleei Marshall, 1970d: 294.
Anamphidoraparvula Casey, 1924MEX (DU)
Anamphidoraparvula Casey, 1924: 330.
Genus Cteisa Solier, 1835 [F]
Cteisa Solier, 1835a: 242. Type species: Cteisahirta Solier, 1835, monotypy.
Cteisapedinoides Mäklin, 1875MEX (VE) GUAPAN / JAM / SA
Cteisapedinoides Mäklin, 1875b: 681.
Genus Erxias Champion, 1888 [M]
Erxias Champion, 1888: 460. Type species: Erxiasbicolor Champion, 1888, subsequent designation (Bousquet et al. 2015: 138).
Erxiasbicolor Champion, 1888PAN / SA
Erxiasbicolor Champion, 1888: 460.
Erxiasviolaceipennis Champion, 1888NIC
Erxiasviolaceipennis Champion, 1888: 460.
Genus Lystronychus Latreille, 1829 [M]
Lystronychus Latreille, 1829a: 41 [as Lystronichus]. Type species: Helopsequestris Fabricius, 1775, subsequent designation (Saunders 1836: 154). Note. Lystronychus is in prevailing usage (see Bouchard et al. 2011: 427) and so deemed to be the correct original spelling.
Prostenus Klug, 1829: 5. Type species (suggested): Prostenusperiscelis Perty, 1830 (see Bousquet et al. 2015: 139).
Mecocerus Solier, 1835a: 241 [junior homonym of Mecocerus Schönherr, 1833]. Type species: Xystropusdejeanii Solier, 1835, monotypy. Synonymy: Lacordaire (1859: 513).
Prostenuspanamensis Champion, 1888PAN
Prostenuspanamensis Champion, 1888: 461.
Genus Xystropus Solier, 1835 [M]
Xystropus Solier, 1835a: 241. Type species: Xystropuspilosus Solier, 1835, monotypy. Note. See Bousquet et al. (2015: 139) for available species originally included in this genus.
Xystropuscalifornicus (Horn, 1868)MEX (OA) NICCRIPAN / SA
Phyletes Redtenbacher, 1845: 128. Type species: Phylethuspopuli Redtenbacher, 1848 (= Diaperisbifasciata Say, 1824), subsequent monotypy in Redtenbacher (1848: 589, as Phylethus). Synonymy: Seidlitz (1894: 533).
Alphitophagusbifasciatus (Say, 1824) [Fig. 34] CAN (MB ON QC SK) USA (AL AR CA DC GA IA ID IL IN KS LA MD MN MO MS NC NE NJ NY OH OR PA SC SD TN TX VA WA WI) – Adventive
Cynaeus LeConte, 1862a: 233. Type species: Platydemaangustum LeConte, 1851, original designation.
Cynaeusangustus (LeConte, 1851) [Fig. 35] CAN (AB BC MB ON QC SK) USA (AZ CA CO GA IA ID IL IN KS MD MI MN NC ND NM OH OR SD TN TX UT VA WA WI WY) MEX (BC SO)
Allophasia Pascoe, 1871: 351. Type species: Allophasiafryi Pascoe, 1871, monotypy. Synonymy: Triplehorn and Brendell (1985: 14).
Diaperiscalifornica Blaisdell, 1929USA (CA OR)
Diaperiscalifornica Blaisdell, 1929c: 60.
Diaperismaculata Olivier, 1791 [Fig. 37] CAN (MB NB NS ON PE QC SK) USA (AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC ND NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC SD TN TX VA WI WV WY) MEX (VE) GUACRIPAN / BAHCUBCAYJAMDOMPRILAN
Neomidaaeneipennis Triplehorn, 1965MEX (CI HI JA OA PU QR QU SL TA VE YU) GUABELSALHONNICCRI
Neomidaaeneipennis Triplehorn, 1965: 382.
Neomidaarmata (Laporte and Brullé, 1831)CUB / SA
Oplocephalaarmata Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 345.
Neomidabicornis (Fabricius, 1777)CAN (MB NB NS ON PE QC) USA (AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC NE NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC SD TN TX VA WI WV) / BAHBERCUBCAYJAM
Histeropsis Chevrolat, 1878b: 221. Type species: Platydemaamericanum Laporte and Brullé, 1831, subsequent designation (Löbl et al. 2008b: 42). Synonymy: Champion (1886: 181).
Platydemaamericana Laporte and Brullé, 1831CAN (AB BC MB NB NS ON QC SK) USA (AZ CA CO CT IA ID IL KS MD ME MI MN MO MT NC NE NH NJ NM NV NY OH OR PA SC SD TX VA WA WI WY)
Platydemaamericana Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 358.
Platydemapolita Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 361. Synonymy: Horn (1870: 384).
Platydemaangulata Chevrolat, 1877MEX
Platydemaangulatum Chevrolat, 1877d: 186.
Platydemaantennata Laporte and Brullé, 1831BAHCUBCAYHAI
Platydemaantennata Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 366.
Platydemaapicenotata Champion, 1896LAN
Platydemaapicenotatum Champion, 1896: 13.
Platydemabasicornis Chevrolat, 1877CUB
Platydemabasicorne Chevrolat, 1877b: 178.
Platydemabimaculata Champion, 1886MEX (VE) GUABELNICCRIPAN / SA
Platydemaexcavata (Say, 1824)CAN (ON QC) USA (AL AR AZ CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD MI MN MO MS NC NE NH NJ NM NY OH OK PA RI SC SD TN TX VA WI WV) MEX (JA PU VE YU) GUABELHONNICCRIPAN / BAHCUBCAYHAIDOMJAMPRILAN / SA
Diaperisexcavata Say, 1824a: 267.
Platydematuberculata Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 352. Synonymy: Champion (1886: 184).
Platydemaruficornis (Sturm, 1826)CAN (ON QC) USA (AL AR CO CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD MI MN MO MS NC NE NJ NY OH OK PA SC TN TX VA WI WV) / BAH
Diaperisruficornis Sturm, 1826: 69.
Platydemarufiventris Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 378. Synonymy: Melsheimer (1853: 138).
Platydemapallens Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 377. Synonymy (in doubt): Horn (1870: 382)71.
Platydemasobrinum Chevrolat, 1877d: 186. Synonymy (in doubt): Champion (1886: 189).
Platydemasubcostata Laporte and Brullé, 1831CAN (ON QC) USA (AL AR CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD MI MN MO MS NC NH NJ NY OH PA RI SC TN TX VA WI WV)
Platydemasubcostata Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 362.
Tyrtaeusguadalupensis Dajoz, 1981: 227. Synonymy: Hopp and Ivie (2008: 429).
Tribe Hypophlaeini Billberg, 1820
Hypophlaeides Billberg, 1820a: 33. Type genus: Hypophlaeus Fabricius, 1790 (= Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783).
Corticeini Boddy, 1965: 144. Type genus: Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783.
Genus Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783 [M]
Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783: 87. Type species: Corticeusunicolor Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783, monotypy.
Hypophlaeus Fabricius, 1790: 222. Type species: Hypophlaeuscastaneus Fabricius, 1790 (= Corticeusunicolor Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783), subsequent designation (Curtis 1832: pl. 430). Synonymy: Crotch (1870: 47).
Subgenus Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783
Corticeus Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783: 87. Type species: Corticeusunicolor Piller and Mitterpacher, 1783, monotypy.
Corticeuscoynei Triplehorn, 1970HONNIC
Corticeuscoynei Triplehorn [in Triplehorn and Moser], 1970: 47.
Corticeuscrassicornis Champion, 1886GUA
Corticeuscrassicornis Champion, 1886: 173.
Corticeuslongicornis Champion, 1886MEX
Corticeuslongicornis Champion, 1886: 172.
Corticeusmexicanusmexicanus Reitter, 1878MEX (VE) GUANICPAN / SA
Corticeusmexicanus Reitter, 1878: 191.
Corticeuscylindricus Reitter, 1878: 192 [junior primary homonym of Corticeuscylindricus Reitter, 1877]. Synonymy: Bremer and Triplehorn (1999: 57).
Corticeuserratus Reitter, 1894: 16. Replacement name for Corticeuscylindricus Reitter, 1878.
Hypophloeusmeridanus Pic, 1914: 15. Synonymy: Bremer and Triplehorn (1999: 57).
Corticeusopaculus (LeConte, 1878)USA (AZ CA) MEXGUA
Hypophloeusopaculus LeConte, 1878a: 423.
Corticeuspallidipennis Champion, 1886MEX (VE) GUA
Corticeuspallidipennis Champion, 1886: 173.
Corticeusparallelus (Melsheimer, 1846)CAN (MB ON QC) USA (AL AR DC DE FL GA IL IN KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MO MS NC ND NE NH NJ NY OH PA SC TN TX VA WI WV)
Hypophloeusparallelus Melsheimer, 1846: 63.
Corticeuspaulostriatus (Pic, 1945)USA (AR FL TN) / CUBHAIDOMPRI
Hypophlaeuspaulostriatus Pic, 1945: 8.
Corticeustensicollis Triplehorn, 1979: 46. Synonymy: Bremer and Triplehorn (1999: 58).
Corticeuspraetermissus (Fall, 1926)CAN (AB BC MB NB NF NS NT ON QC SK YT) USA (AK AZ CA CO ID MA ME MI MN NE NH NM NV NY OR PA SD TX UT WA WI WV WY) MEX
Hypophloeuspraetermissus Fall, 1926: 199.
Corticeuspuncticollis Champion, 1886GUA
Corticeuspuncticollis Champion, 1886: 172.
Corticeusrosei Triplehorn, 1970USA (AZ) MEX (CH DU JA ME NL PU) HON
Corticeusrosei Triplehorn [in Triplehorn and Moser], 1970: 49.
Alobatespensylvanicus (DeGeer, 1775)CAN (MB NB NS ON QC) USA (AL AZ CA CT DC DE FL GA IA IN KS KY LA MA MD ME MI MN MS NC NH NJ OH OR PA SC SD TN TX VA WI WV) MEX (NL)
Tenebriopensylvanicus DeGeer, 1775: 53.
Upischrysops Herbst, 1797: 236. Synonymy (in doubt): Knoch (1801: 168).
Tenebriosublaevis Palisot de Beauvois, 1817: 163. Synonymy: LeConte (1866a: 61).
Mylarisprocera (Champion, 1885)MEX (SI VE) GUABELPAN / SA
Nyctobatesprocerus Champion, 1885: 107.
Genus Nesocyrtosoma Marcuzzi, 1976 [N]
Nesocyrtosoma Marcuzzi, 1976: 137. Type species: Cyrtosomainflatum Marcuzzi, 1976, designation of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 2017).
Pachycyrtosoma Marcuzzi, 1999: 81. Type species: Cyrtosomamerkli Marcuzzi, 1999, original designation. Synonymy: Hopp and Ivie (2009: 13).
Serrania Garrido, 2003: 50. Type species: Diaperisviridula Zayas, 1988 (= Platydemavirens Laporte and Brullé, 1831), monotypy. Synonymy: Hopp and Ivie (2009: 13).
Nesocyrtosomaaltagracia Hopp and Ivie, 2009DOM
Nesocyrtosomaaltagracia Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 40.
Nesocyrtosomabankense Hopp and Ivie, 2009PRILAN
Nesocyrtosomabankense Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 57.
Nesocyrtosomabasilense Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAI
Nesocyrtosomabasilense Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 41.
Nesocyrtosomabestiola Hopp and Ivie, 2009DOM
Nesocyrtosomabestiola Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 20.
Nesocyrtosomacrenulatum Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAIDOM
Nesocyrtosomacrenulatum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 44.
Nesocyrtosomabromelicolus Garrido and Varela, 2010: 33. Synonymy: Hopp (2011: 242).
Nesocyrtosomacritalense (Zayas, 1988)CUB
Cnodaloncritalensis Zayas, 1988: 99.
Nesocyrtosomacubanense (Kulzer, 1961)CUB
Apsidacubanensis Kulzer, 1961a: 217.
Nesocyrtosomacuproso (Zayas, 1988)83CUB
Cnodaloncuproso Zayas, 1988: 98.
Nesocyrtosomacurvum Hopp and Ivie, 2009PRI
Nesocyrtosomacurvum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 68.
Nesocyrtosomadarlingtoni Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAI
Nesocyrtosomadarlingtoni Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 47.
Nesocyrtosomadentatum Hopp and Ivie, 2009CUB
Nesocyrtosomadentatum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 76.
Nesocyrtosomadolosum Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAI
Nesocyrtosomadolosum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 42.
Nesocyrtosomaelongatum (Zayas, 1988)CUB
Cnodalonelongatus Zayas, 1988: 101.
Nesocyrtosomafernandoi Hopp and Ivie, 2009CUB
Nesocyrtosomafernandoi Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 59.
Nesocyrtosomaferrugineum (Garrido and Gutiérrez, 1996)CUB
Cyrtosomaferruginea Garrido and Gutiérrez, 1996c: 282.
Nesocyrtosomagarridoi Hopp and Ivie, 2009CUB
Nesocyrtosomagarridoi Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 60.
Nesocyrtosomagebieni (Marcuzzi, 1976)CUB
Cyrtosomagebieni Marcuzzi, 1976: 139.
Cnodalonpunctatum Zayas, 1988: 103. Synonymy: Garrido and Gutiérrez (1996c: 282).
Nesocyrtosomaguerreroi Hopp and Ivie, 2009DOM
Nesocyrtosomaguerreroi Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 69.
Nesocyrtosomahispaniolae (Marcuzzi, 1999)DOM
Cyrtosomahispaniolae Marcuzzi, 1999: 83.
Nesocyrtosomainflatum (Marcuzzi, 1976)CUB
Cyrtosomainflatum Marcuzzi, 1976: 138.
Cnodalontrinitatis Zayas, 1988: 102 [junior secondary homonym of Cyrtosomatrinitatis Marcuzzi, 1976]. Synonymy: Hopp and Ivie (2009: 31).
Cyrtosomaiviei Marcuzzi, 1998a: 160. Replacement name for Cyrtosomatrinitatis (Zayas, 1988).
Nesocyrtosomalacrima Hopp and Ivie, 2009LAN
Nesocyrtosomalacrima Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 36.
Nesocyrtosomalarseni Hopp and Ivie, 2009CUBDOM
Nesocyrtosomalarseni Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 50.
Nesocyrtosomamerkli (Marcuzzi, 1999)DOM
Cyrtosomamerkli Marcuzzi, 1999: 82.
Nesocyrtosomamutabile Hopp and Ivie, 2009DOM
Nesocyrtosomamutabile Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 48.
Nesocyrtosomanearnsi Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAIDOM
Nesocyrtosomanearnsi Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 65.
Nesocyrtosomaneibaense Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAIDOM
Nesocyrtosomaneibaense Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 29.
Nesocyrtosomaotus Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAIDOM
Nesocyrtosomaotus Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 45.
Nesocyrtosomaparallelum (Zayas, 1988)CUB
Cnodalonparallelus Zayas, 1988: 96.
Nesocyrtosomaproductum Hopp and Ivie, 2009DOM
Nesocyrtosomaproductum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 67.
Nesocyrtosomapuertoricense Hopp and Ivie, 2009PRI
Nesocyrtosomapuertoricense Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 61.
Nesocyrtosomapurpureum Hopp and Ivie, 2009DOM
Nesocyrtosomapurpureum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 43.
Nesocyrtosomascabrosum Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAI
Nesocyrtosomascabrosum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 35.
Nesocyrtosomaserratum Hopp and Ivie, 2009DOM
Nesocyrtosomaserratum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 62.
Nesocyrtosomaskelleyi Hopp and Ivie, 2009DOM
Nesocyrtosomaskelleyi Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 63.
Nesocyrtosomasimplex Hopp and Ivie, 2009HAIDOM
Nesocyrtosomasimplex Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 37.
Nesocyrtosomateresitae Hopp and Ivie, 2009CUB
Nesocyrtosomateresitae Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 67.
Nesocyrtosomatumefactum (Marcuzzi, 1976)CUB
Cyrtosomatumefactum Marcuzzi, 1976: 138.
Cnodalontumefactum Zayas, 1988: 95 [junior secondary homonym of Cyrtosomatumefactum Marcuzzi, 1976]. Synonymy: Garrido and Gutiérrez (1996c: 282).
Cnodaloninflatum Zayas, 1988: 101 [junior secondary homonym of Cyrtosomainflatum Marcuzzi, 1976]. Synonymy: Hopp and Ivie (2009: 24).
Cyrtosomazayasi Marcuzzi, 1998a: 160. Replacement name for Cyrtosomatumefactum (Zayas, 1988).
Cyrtosomagundlachi Marcuzzi, 1998a: 160. Replacement name for Cyrtosomainflatum (Zayas, 1988).
Nesocyrtosomaturquinense (Zayas, 1988)CUB
Cnodalonturquinensis Zayas, 1988: 96.
Nesocyrtosomavirens (Laporte and Brullé, 1831)CUBPRI
Strongyliumquisqueyanum Garrido and Armas, 2012DOM
Strongyliumquisqueyanum Garrido and Armas, 2012a: 66.
Strongyliumramosum Mäklin, 1867MEX (VE)
Strongyliumramosum Mäklin, 1867: 340.
Strongyliumsallei Mäklin, 1867MEX (VE) GUANIC
Strongyliumsallei Mäklin, 1867: 257.
Strongyliumsallaei Champion, 1887: 345. Unjustified emendation of Strongyliumsallei Mäklin, 1867, not in prevailing usage.
Strongyliumsemistriatum Mäklin, 1867MEX (VE)
Strongyliumsemistriatum Mäklin, 1867: 251.
Strongyliumsimplicipes Pic, 1918PAN
Strongyliumsimplicipes Pic, 1918b: 15.
Strongyliumsimplicicolle LeConte, 1878USA (AL FL GA MS NC SC TN VA)
Strongyliumsimplicicolle LeConte, 1878a: 424.
Strongyliumsubcostatum Mäklin, 1867MEXGUA
Strongyliumsubcostatum Mäklin, 1867: 316.
Strongyliumsuturale Mäklin, 1867MEX (VE) GUA
Strongyliumsuturale Mäklin, 1867: 337.
Strongyliumtenuicolle (Say, 1826) [Fig. 42] CAN (MB ON QC) USA (AL AR CO CT DC DE FL GA IA IL IN KS KY LA MA MD MI MN MO MS NC NH NJ NY OH OK PA RI SC SD TN TX VA WI WV)
Strongyliumvikenae Ferrer and Ødegaard, 2005: 644.
Strongyliumvirescens Zayas, 1988CUB
Strongyliumvirescens Zayas, 1988: 110.
Strongyliumviridipes Mäklin, 1867MEX (PU VE)
Strongyliumviridipes Mäklin, 1867: 274.
Strongyliumviriditinctum Champion, 1888GUA
Strongyliumviriditinctum Champion, 1888: 359.
Strongyliumwoodruffi Garrido and Armas, 2012DOM
Strongyliumwoodruffi Garrido and Armas, 2012a: 67.
Tribe Talanini Champion, 1887
Dignamptini LeConte and Horn, 1883: 385. Type genus: Dignamptus LeConte, 1878 (= Talanus Jacquelin du Val, 1857).
Talanides Champion, 1887: 321. Type genus: Talanus Jacquelin du Val, 1857. Note. Family-group name conserved over Dignamptini (see Bouchard et al. 2005).
Genus Talanus Jacquelin du Val, 1857 [M]
Talanus Jacquelin du Val, 1857: 156. Type species: Talanuscribrarius Jacquelin du Val, 1857, monotypy.
Talanusguadeloupensis Fleutiaux and Sallé, 1890LAN
Talanusguadeloupensis Fleutiaux and Sallé, 1890: 430.
Talanusguatemalensis Champion, 1887GUA
Talanusguatemalensis Champion, 1887: 326.
Talanusinsularis Mäklin, 1878PRILAN
Talanusinsularis Mäklin, 1878a: 98.
Talanusinterstitialis Champion, 1887 ME (CI JA) GUANIC
Talanusinterstitialis Champion, 1887: 324.
Talanuslaevicollis Champion, 1896LAN
Talanuslaevicollis Champion, 1896: 32.
Talanuslaevipennis Champion, 1887GUA
Talanuslaevipennis Champion, 1887: 322.
Talanuslangurinus (LeConte, 1878)USA (FL TX)
Dignamptuslangurinus LeConte, 1878a: 421.
Talanuslaticeps Champion, 1887PAN
Talanuslaticeps Champion, 1887: 325.
Talanuslecontei Champion, 1887MEX (TB VE YU) GUABEL
Talanuslecontei Champion, 1887: 323.
Talanuslongicornis Champion, 1887GUABELNICPAN
Talanuslongicornis Champion, 1887: 328.
Talanusmecoscelis Triplehorn, 1968USA (TX)
Talanusmecoscelis Triplehorn, 1968a: 33.
Talanusneotropicalis Champion, 1887MEX (JA VE YU) GUACRIPAN / SA
Talanusneotropicalis Champion, 1887: 322.
Talanusspilmani Triplehorn, 1968USA (FL)
Talanusspilmani Triplehorn, 1968a: 35.
Talanusstenochinus (LeConte, 1878)USA (FL LA)
Dignamptusstenochinus LeConte, 1878a: 421.
Talanusokeechobensis Blatchley, 1914: 143. Synonymy: Fall (1932: 148).
Talanussubexaratus Mäklin, 1878MEX (CI GE SI VE) GUABELNICCRIPAN / SA
Talanussubexaratus Mäklin, 1878a: 102.
Talanussubopacus Champion, 1887MEX (VE) BEL
Talanussubopacus Champion, 1887: 323.
Talanusvictori Garrido and Gutiérrez, 2004PRI
Talanusvictori Garrido and Gutiérrez, 2004: 63.
Incertae sedis: Tenebrionidae
Tenebriocalculensis Scudder, 1895CAN (ON)
Tenebriocalculensis Scudder, 1895: 3186.
Acknowledgements
We thank Mike Ivie (Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA) for making available rare literature and for comments on the biogeography of the West Indies. Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga (Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain) contributed important nomenclatural insight and literature. Go Sato and Roelof (Ralf) Idema (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada) provided the habitus drawings. Anthony Davies (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada) assisted in thoroughly reviewing the catalogue dataset and J. Milton Campbell (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada) reviewed the contents for the subfamily Alleculinae. Miguel A. Alonso-Zarazaga, Gustavo E. Flores (Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de las Zonas Áridas [IADIZA], Mendoza, Argentina), and Otto Merkl (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest, Hungary) reviewed the entire manuscript and provided useful corrections and suggestions. Funding for this project was provided by the NSF ARTS program (DEB–1523605) to ADS and MAJ.
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1 The term “North America”, used throughout the text, refers to the continent in the Western Hemisphere consisting of Greenland, Canada, United States of America, Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies.
2 The name derives from the Greek Lepidos (scale) and the generic name Cnemeplatia Costa. The gender is feminine.
3 All geographical units are provided using their English names as listed in the third edition of Merriam-Webster’s Geographical Dictionary (2001).
4Adeloniasulcatus used by Leng and Mutchler (1914: 464) and often listed as a synonym of this species is an incorrect subsequent spelling not in prevailing usage.
5Perty (1832) used two spellings for this name: Goniadera (p. 62) and Gonyodera (p. 63). Later Perty (1833: 14) used the spelling Goniadera. As so he is deemed to be the First Reviser (ICZN 1999: Article 24.2.4) and Goniadera is the correct original spelling..
6 In their revision of the genus, Ferrer and Delatour (2007: 287) reported this species and the type species of the subgenus as “Goniaderatuberculatum Gebien, 1928” and “G.binotatum Gebien, 1928” respectively. Both names are nomina nuda.
7 Mälkin was Finnish, not German. Therefore the umlaut is deleted and no “e” is to be inserted after the “a”.
8 This genus was transferred from the Mycetophagidae to the Lagriinae by Lawrence and Newton (1995: 886).
9Nilio and Niliolebasi are incorrect subsequent spellings in prevailing usage and attributed to the publication of the original spelling; therefore they are to be preserved and deemed to be the correct original spellings (ICZN 1999: Article 33.3.1).
10 The species-group name bifurcus is a name in apposition and therefore need not agree in gender with the generic name (M.A. Alonso-Zarazaga personal communication).
11 Described from Chile, which is probably a mistake (Champion 1884: 54).
11 A junior secondary homonym replaced before 1961 is permanently invalid unless the substitute name is not in use and the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric (ICZN 1999: Article 59.3); in this case, the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric and the substitute name has not been used subsequently as valid as far as we know.
13 A junior secondary homonym replaced before 1961 is permanently invalid unless the substitute name is not in use and the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric (ICZN 1999: Article 59.3); in this case, the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric and the substitute name is not currently in use.
14 Described from the La Brea tar pits, but not actually a fossil [ADS]
15 A junior secondary homonym replaced before 1961 is permanently invalid unless the substitute name is not in use and the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric (ICZN 1999: Article 59.3); in this case, the relevant taxa are no longer considered congeneric and the substitute name has not been used subsequently as valid as far as we know.
16 Casey’s specimens are mislabelled from Texas.
17 “Branchuscubensis Marcuzzi” has been cited twice by Marcuzzi (1998a: 153) and Peck (2005: 146) but the name was never proposed by anyone and is a nomen nudum.
18 Described from La Brea tar pits but thought to represent a modern undescribed species by Doyen and Miller (1980: 3).
19Champion (1892: 510, 511) used two different spellings for this species: obliteratus (p. 510) and obsoletus (p. 511). Doyen (1984b: 41) acted as First Reviser (ICZN 1999: Article 24.2) and selected obliteratus as the correct spelling.
20 Since the dates of publication of C.asperata (Horn, 1870) and C.asperata (Motschulsky, 1870) could not be determined besides the year, Aalbu et al. (1995: 482) acted as First Revisers (ICZN 1999: Article 24.2) and selected Horn’s name to have precedence. However, evidence gathered recently [YB] indicate that Motschulsky’s paper in the Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou was published before Horn’s paper in the Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. At this point, we prefer not to make any change.
21Stibiaopaca credited to Blaisdell (1925b: 329), listed as a synonym of S.cribrata by Papp (1961d: 103), is considered here as a lapsus for S.cribrata Blaisdell.
22Telabis is neither Latin or Greek and since it was proposed as a subgenus, it was not placed in agreement with any specific names. Therefore, by application of Article 30.2.4 (ICZN 1999) the name has to be treated as masculine (M.A. Alonso-Zarazaga, personal communication). The fact that Casey subsequently used the name Telabis as feminine is irrelevant.
23 The species name “minor” is an adjective in comparative degree and is the masculine and feminine form. The neuter form is “minus” (M.A. Alonso-Zarazaga, personal communication).
24 Listed as a synonym of T.laevis LeConte by Horn (1870: 259) and Champion (1884: 2) but treated as valid by Casey (1907: 438).
25 The specific name was obviously proposed for Auguste Sallé [b. 1820, d. 1896], who collected some of the original specimens, and should have been spelled “sallei.” Because Champion did not provided the etymology of the name, the original spelling should be maintained and Article 32.5.1 (ICZN 1999) does not apply in this case. However, the spelling “sallei” is in prevailing usage (36 hits in Google Scholar vs 11 hits for “sallaei”) and so deemed to be the original spelling (ICZN 1999, Article 33.3.1).
26Gebien (1908a: 287) originally placed this name in synonymy with Nyctoporiscristata Eschscholtz and latter (1910a: 118; 1937: 698) with Nyctoporiscarinata LeConte.
27 The generic name is spelled “Caribanoisis” in the running title (p. 569). Since the running title was generated by the publisher, it is not considered as a different original spelling and no First Reviser action is required here.
28 This Oriental species is known in North America from a single specimen (Steiner and Paraskevoudakis 2014) and whether it is established on this continent remains to be ascertained.
29 The names Eleodeschevrolati and Eleodesnitidulithorax used by Pierre (1976: 705, 706) are nomina nuda. The same is true for the name Eleodesdentipessublitoralis listed by Gebien (1938: 57). The following names, being infrasubspecific, are nomina nuda: Eleodesomissa var. pygmaea forma borealis Blaisdell, 1909: 79; Eleodesextricata forma cognata punctata Blaisdell, 1909: 123; Eleodesletcheri var. vandykei forma parvula Blaisdell, 1909: 137; Eleodesdentipes forma elongata laevis Blaisdell, 1909: 254; Eleodesdentipes forma elongata punctata Blaisdell, 1909: 254; Eleodesacuticauda var. laticollis forma minor Blaisdell, 1909: 283; Eleodes (Eleodes) acuticauda var. laticollis forma insularis Blaisdell, 1909: 284; Eleodeseschscholtzi var. lucae forma ecaudata Blaisdell, 1909: 290; Eleodeseschscholtzi var. lucae forma grandis Blaisdell, 1909: 291; Eleodeseschscholtzi var. lucae forma inflata Blaisdell, 1909: 291. Even though some of these names have been listed as valid subspecies by Papp (1961), article 45.6.4.1 (ICZN 1999) does not apply here and the names are not available.
30 This species is usually credited to Eschscholtz (1831: 13) where the species is described. However, in 1829 Eschscholtz described the genus Amphidora and listed by name the sole species (A.littoralis) included in it. As such it is a combined description of a new nominal genus and a single new nominal species which then provides an indication for each name (ICZN 1999: Article 12.2.6). Sherborn (1927: 3618) also credited Eschscholtz (1829) for the availability of A.littoralis.
31Blaisdell (1937b) used two different spelling for this taxon: Arpeleodes (p. 128) and Ardeleodes (p. 128, 129). Gebien (1938: 63) acted as First Reviser (ICZN 1999: Article 24.2.3) and selected Ardeleodes as the correct original spelling.
32 The species name grutus is neither Latin or Greek but appears to be derived from the Spanish word “gruta (cave)” and transformed as an adjective (M.A. Zlonso-Zarazaga, personal communication). Since it is a creation of the authors, the name must be treated as a noun in apposition.
33 This specific name was originally spelled vetorator but veterator is an incorrect subsequent spelling in prevailing usage and attributed to the publication of the original spelling; therefore the subsequent spelling is deemed to be the correct original spelling (ICZN 1999: Article 33.3.1).
34Thomas (2005: 553) retained the name transvolcanensis for the species and rufipes for the subspecies. However, under Article 47.2 of the ICZN (1999) the oldest name for the species must be retained.
35 The species name anachronus is not a classical Greek or Latin name and seems a creation of Triplehorn (M.A. Alonso-Zarazaga, personal communication). Therefore the name is deemed to be a noun in apposition.
36 We consider this name available from Blaisdell (1910: 61) with the description by indication (ICZN 1999, Article 12.2.1) to his monograph of the Eleodiini published in 1909.
37 Described by indication.
38 An application to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature was recently published (Bousquet and Bouchard 2017b) to retain Bolitotheruscornutus (Fabricius, 1801) as the valid name for this taxon.
39 As for Amblycyphusasperatus (see footnote #20), evidence gathered recently indicates that Motschulsky's manuscript was published prior to that of Horn and that Threnus has precedence. The Reversal of precedence cannot be used in this case since Threnus was listed as valid after 1899 in some catalogues (e.g., Leng 1920: 224). An application to the Commission will be necessary to retain Horn's name as valid.
40 A number of authors, including LeConte (1866a: 61) and Horn (1870: 325), mistakenly used the name sulcipennis for this species.
41 Species described from “Californie. St. Francisco.”
42Berry (1975: 929) proposed the new subgenus Longicerenopus to include C.angustatus Horn, C.aterrimus Horn, C.hermanus Berry, and C.punctatus Berry. Unfortunately the author failed to designate a type species and therefore his name is unavailable from that date. Staff of the Zoological Society of London (Anonymous 1979: 217) designated C.angustatus Horn as type species but since the person responsible for the nomenclatural act cannot be determined from the work itself, the act must be attributed to “Anonymous.” Names and nomenclatural acts published anonymously after 1950 are unavailable (ICZN 1999: Article 14) and so consequently the name Longicerenopus is still unavailable.
43Helopsmartinensis Marcuzzi, 2001 (p. 252) is a nomen nudum since Marcuzzi (2001) failed to indicate where the syntypes will be (or are) deposited and the name and location of the collection, a mandatory requirement for every new species-group name published after 1999 (ICZN 1999: Article 16.4.2).
44 According to M.A. Alonso-Zarazaga (personal communication), Tenebriocaeruleus Linnaeus, 1758, based on a syntype, is a chrysomelid species of the genus Timarcha. This problem will be addressed in a future publication.
45Allard (1877a: 36) corrected the name Coscinopter to Coscinoptilix in the errata issued in one part of the same journal volume. Therefore Coscinoptilix is the correct original spelling (ICZN 1999: Article 32.5).
46Helopspunctatus Fabricius, 1801 (currently Taraxidespunctatus) and Helopspunctatus Gemminger, 1870 are primary homonyms, both presently used as valid, that have not been considered congeneric after 1899. In such case, the junior homonym is not to be replaced and the case should be referred to the Commission (ICZN 1999: Article 23.9.5).
47Horn (1885a: 90) mentioned that this species “is certainly not a Helops” and that he was unable to identify it. He also questioned the fact that the species was of American origin.
48Horn (1885a: 89) placed H.americanus Palisot de Beauvois in synonymy with Helopsundulatus LeConte based on the original description only. His action was not followed by subsequent authors. Therefore we prefer to continue using LeConte’s name and consider Palisot de Beauvois’ name as a nomen dubium. The reversal of precedence (ICZN 1999: Article 23.9) cannot be used here since Helopsamericanus has been used as a valid name at least once after 1899 (i.e., Scott and Fiske 1902: 33).
49 Removed from synonymy with B.fuscus Casey by Steiner (2006).
50Kaszab (1969) used two different spellings for this taxon: kulzrei (p. 318) and kulzeri (pp. 318, 337). Nobody has acted as First Reviser (ICZN 1999: Article 32.2.1) to our knowledge. We act as First Revisers and choose kulzeri (based on H. Kulzer), which was obviously Kaszab’s intention although this was not explicitely mentioned in the text.
51Diastolinusbardubensis [sic] guadeloupensis Marcuzzi, 2001 (p. 250) and Diastolinusbardubensis [sic] martiniquensis Marcuzzi, 2001 (p. 250) were placed in synonymy with Blapstinusopacus Mulsant and Rey by Soldati and Touroult (2014: 98) and Ivie and Hart (2016: 466) respectively. However, these two taxa are nomina nuda since Marcuzzi (2001) failed to indicate where the syntypes will be (or are) deposited and the name and location of the collection, a mandatory requirement for every new species-group name published after 1999 (ICZN 1999: Article 16.4.2).
52 According to Marcuzzi (2002: 399), the holotype and sole known specimen of this species was probably transported by ship from Cuba to Curaçao.
53 This species, originally described from specimen(s) collected in Missouri, has never been interpreted except by Horn (1870: 402) who mentioned that it probably belongs to the genus Opatrinus (North American members of this genus are currently placed in the genus Alaetrinus). The name is tentatively placed here in synonymy with A.minimus (Palisot de Beauvois), a common species.
54Ferrer (2006) mentioned that Z.atratus (Fabricius) and morio (Fabricius) are “two forms of the same species” and that specimens of both forms emerge in laboratory from the same parents. Later (Ferrer 2011: 299) considered morio as a distinct species. However based on the data presented in Ferrer’s papers of 2006 and 2011, we believe that specimens of the form morio are probably conspecific with those of atratus. Soldati and Touroult (2014: 103) also considered morio as a synonym of atratus.
55 Considered a valid species by Garrido and Gutiérrez (1994b), with Zophobascubanus Marcuzzi, 1976 listed as a junior synonym. Ferrer (2011: 297) listed Z.rugipes as a junior synonym of Z.atratus (Fabricius).
56 Most previous literature records attributed to Wattiuscucullatus (Pascoe, 1871) belong to multiple undescribed species [ADS]. Wattiuscucullatus is currently known only from Brazil (Smith and Sanchez 2015: 115).
57Spilman (1973: 42) mentioned that the Ulosoniatricornis of Laporte (1840) was in fact a reference to Phaleriatricornis Dalman, 1823 with an incorrect author. We believe these two names are different nomenclatural acts though they are probably synonymous as indicated by Spilman.
58 The name derives from the Greek root Spalae (cave) and the noun biosis (manner of live) in reference to the cave-inhabiting sole species currently included in the genus.
59Eusemostene proposed by Gebien (1940: 764) is regularly listed as a junior synonym of this taxon. Although listed as “nom. nov.” Gebien in fact proposed a new subgeneric taxon by providing a bibliographic reference to Seidlitz’s (1890: 518) misidentification of Stene Stephens, 1829. However, the name is unavailable because Gebien failed to designate a type species for his new subgenus (see ICZN 1999: Article 13.3). The name has not been made available subsequently to our knowledge.
60 Reported under the unavailable name Alegorialaportei Fleutiaux and Sallé, 1890 by some authors (e.g., Peck 2011: 30).
61 Only one specimen, from Mexico, is known north of Colombia (Champion 1886: 152); possibly the specimen is mislabelled.
62Melasiagagatina Perroud and Mulsant, 1861, has been listed from North America (Gebien 1911a: 402) and placed in synonymy with Ulomapunctulata LeConte, 1866 (Gebien 1940: 776). In fact, the species was described from Sicily and is a junior synonym of Ulomaculinaris (Linnaeus, 1758) (see Löbl et al. 2008: 302).
63 This taxon has been listed in synonymy with Triboliumcastaneum (Herbst) by some authors. However, the size originally given, 3⅓ lig. (= 7.4 mm) prevent an association with T.castaneum. We concur with Good (1936: 5) that Laporte’s species probably belongs to the genus Uloma Dejean. Unfortunately, based on the short original description, it cannot be confidently associated with any of the species described from North America.
64 The name of this species has been credited to Jacquelin du Val (1857: 157) by some authors (e.g., Blackwelder 1945: 506; Campbell 1966: 25; Campbell 1971: 27). However, Jacquelin du Val referred the name to Dejean’s catalogue (1834: 214) who used the replacement name fuscula Schönherr as valid and listed flavipes Fabricius in synonymy. Therefore we consider that Jacquelin du Val did not propose a new species under the name “Alleculaflavipes Dejean.”
65 The junior and senior homonyms for Cistelabrevis apply to taxa not considered congeneric since 1899. In such case, the junior homonym must not automatically be replaced; the case should be referred to the Commission for a ruling and meanwhile prevailing usage of both names is to be maintained (ICZN 1999: Article 23.9.5).
66 Although this name is older than Adelinina, Bouchard et al. (2011: 428) recommended that an application be submitted to the Commission to conserve usage of Adelinina LeConte, 1862.
67Palisot de Beauvois (1812) used two different spellings for this taxon: Trogossitamaxillosa (p. 125) and Trogossitamaxillaris (pl. 32, fig. 4). Page 125 and plate 32 were both issued in 1812 in livraison 8 of Palisot de Beauvois’ work. We have not found anyone who acted as First Reviser. We here select T.maxillaris as the correct spelling. This name was used regularly for Palisot de Beauvois’ taxon probably because T.maxillosus was already in use by Fabricius in 1801.
68Diaperishydni is an incorrect subsequent spelling of D.hydactina Fabricius, 1798 introduced by Fabricius (1801b: 585).
69LeConte (1870: 404) believed the species was “wrongly attributed to North America.”
70LeConte (1870: 404) believed the species was “wrongly attributed to North America.”
71LeConte (1870: 404) noted that Platydemapallens “is found in South America, and must therefore be erased from the list of the Coleoptera of North America.”
72 This species is listed in synonymy with Platydemanigratum (Motschulsky) in some catalogues. However, Triplehorn (1965: 424) indicated that it was “quite distinct.”
73Dajoz (1975) used two spellings for the specific name, jamaicensis (p. 118) and jamaiscensis (pp. 120, 121). Ivie and Hart (2017b: 118) acted as “First Revisers” and choose jamaicensis as the correct original spelling.
74 Until the type specimens of Menimopsisjamaicensis (Dajoz) are studied, we prefer not to propose a replacement name for Kaszab’s taxon.
75Soldati and Touroult (2014: 106) believed this species to be a Cerylonidae and not a Tenebrionidae.
76 May not be established as there is no record since the 1950’s (Peck 2011: 29).
77 This species has passed under the name of Alobatesmorio (Fabricius) in many publications following the study of putative types by Blair (1914: 487) in the Banks collection as pointed out by Spilman (1962b: 60). However, Ferrer (2006: 232) mentioned that the “types” seen by Blair were not syntypes and that the true syntype he studied at the Museum of Copenhagen belongs in fact to Zophobasatratus (Fabricius, 1775).
78 The generic name Scotera and the specific name gibbosa were proposed as synonyms of Cibdelisblaschkii by Motschulsky (1845b: 365, 366). However, both taxa are available from Motschulsky’s work (ICZN 1999: Article 11.6.1) because they were treated as valid names before 1961 (e.g., Chevrolat 1848: 454).
79Doyen (1973) retained C.californica as the valid name for this taxon. However, Horn (1870: 336) acted as First Reviser (ICZN 1999, Article 24.2) in synonymizing C.californica and C.dilaticollis together and chose C.dilaticollis as the valid name for the taxon. Therefore C.dilaticollis is the valid name for this species.
80 Credited to Chevrolat (1844) in previous catalogues.
81Moeon is the Latinization of the Greek noun moion (privy parts) and is neuter (M.A. Alonso-Zarazaga, personal communication).
82Pallas (1781) proposed four species in Mylaris but did not described the genus. In a footnote on page 38, Pallas mentioned “Nomen Mylaridis, –molendinariae appropriatum, male applicavit Meloïdibus Fabricius [The name of Mylaris, –appropriate for a miller species, was incorrectly applied to Meloids by Fabricius].” It seems that Pallas used an incorrect subsequent spelling of Mylabris Fabricius, which was proposed by Fabricius (1775) for some meloid species, and decided to apply the name to tenebrionids. As such Mylaris, used by Pallas (1781), should be an incorrect subsequent spelling and not an available name. No action is taken at this time.
83 The name “cuproso” was used three times in the publication (pp. 98, 99, 203) and is not a lapsus. To our knowledge the species was treated only once subsequently (Hopp and Ivie 2009: 54) who used the spelling “cuprosum.” We do not consider that cuprosum is in prevailing usage and therefore, cuproso must be retained as the proper spelling.
84 Listed in the genus Otocerus by Ferrer and Ødegaard (2005: 648).
85 The name preciosus is a blend of Spanish and Latin, and as such must be treated as a noun in apposition (M.A. Alonso-Zarazaga, personal communication).
86 This Pleistocene fossil species was described from marine shale.
Appendix 1
List of impression fossil Tenebrionidae taxa described from North America. 1 = species originally described from Germany but subsequently reported from Greenland by Heer (1883: 145). 2 = assignment of this species to the tribe Blaptini (e.g., Kirejtshuk et al. 2008) is doubtful since this tribe is not represented by any extant taxa in North America.
Species
Origin
Age
Placement
Blapstinuslinellii Wickham, 1913a: 298
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Opatrini: Opatrina
Capnochroasenilis Wickham, 1913b: 365
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina
Cistelitesminor Heer, 1874: 25
Greenland
61.7 - 58.7 Ma
Alleculinae
Cistelitespunctulatus Heer, 1870: 484
Greenland
61.7 - 58.7 Ma
Alleculinae
Ephalusadumbratus Scudder, 1893: pl. 1 (fig. 3)
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Opatrini: Opatrina
Gonoderaantiqua (Wickham, 1913b: 365)
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina
Gonoderavulcanica (Wickham, 1914a: 485)
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina
Helopswetteravicus C. von Heyden & L. von Heyden, 1865: 331
Greenland
61.7 - 58.7 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Helopini
Hymenorushaydeni Wickham, 1914a: 486
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina
Isomiraaurora Wickham, 1914b: 268
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina
Isomiraflorissantensis Wickham, 1914a: 486
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Gonoderina
Meracanthalacustris Wickham, 1909: 129
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini
Miostenosislacordairei Wickham, 1913a: 297
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Pimeliinae: Stenosini
Pelecyphorus (Stenosides) primus (Wickham, 1910: 51)
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Pimeliinae: Asidini
Platydemaantiquorum Wickham, 1912: 32
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina
Platydemabethunei Wickham, 1913a: 299
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina
Proteleatescentralis Wickham, 1914b: 2672
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Blaptini
Protoplatyceralaticornis Wickham, 1914a: 484
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Tenebrionidae
Tenebrioprimigenius Scudder, 1879: 183B
Canada (British Columbia)
55.8 to 40.4 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Tenebrionini
Teneobrionitesalatus Cockerell, 1927: 586
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Tenebrionidae
Ulusminutus Wickham, 1914b: 266
USA (Colorado)
37.2 to 33.9 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Opatrini: Opatrina
Appendix 2
List of amber fossil Tenebrionidae taxa described from North America. 1 = new replacement name for Hymenorusoculatus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 37 which is a junior primary homonym of Hymenorusoculatus Champion, 1888. 2 = Species originally described in the genus Hesiodobates Kaszab and Schawaller, 1984 which is currently considered a junior synonym of Nesocyrtosoma Marcuzzi, 1976 (Doyen and Poinar 1994).
Species
Origin
Age
Placement
Corticeustertiarius Vitali, 2007: 2
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Diaperinae: Hypophlaeini
Cymatothesdominicus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 36
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Amarygmini
Hymenoruscampbelli Bouchard, new replacement name1
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina
Hymenoruschiapasensis Campbell, 1963: 41
Mexico (Chiapas)
23.0 – 16.0 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina
Hypogenamarginalis Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 35
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Triboliini
Liodemaphalacroides Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 43
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina
Lobopodaannosa Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 37
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Alleculinae: Alleculini: Alleculina
Lorelusangulatus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 28
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Lagriinae: Lupropini
Lorelusforaminosus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 28
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Lagriinae: Lupropini
Lorelusminutulis Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 30
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Lagriinae: Lupropini
Loreluswolcotti Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 30
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Lagriinae: Lupropini
Neomidasenicula Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 41
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Diaperinae: Diaperini: Diaperina
Nesocyrtosomaantiquum (Kaszab and Schawaller, 1984: 3)2
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini
Nesocyrtosomaceladonum Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 46
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini
Nesocyrtosomahadratum Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 47
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini
Nesocyrtosomaimpensum Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 47
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini
Nesocyrtosomaminisculum Hopp and Ivie, 2009: 80
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini
Nesocyrtosomaphthanatum Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 48
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Stenochiinae: Cnodalonini
Niliodominicana Poinar and Brown, 2011: 233
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Nilioninae
Rhipidandrusquadripapillatus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 33
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Bolitophagini
Statiradermoidea Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 30
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Lagriinae: Lagriini: Statirina
Trientomanascens Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 31
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Pimeliinae: Edrotini
Tyrtaeusazureus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 39
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina
Tyrtaeuscupreorutilans Vitali, 2008: 12
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina
Tyrtaeuselongatus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 40
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina
Tyrtaeusflavoantennatus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 40
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina
Tyrtaeusthoracicus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 41
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Diaperinae: Gnathidiini: Anopidiina
Wattiusreflexus Doyen and Poinar, 1994: 33
Dominican Republic
20.4 – 13.7 Ma
Tenebrioninae: Toxicini: Dysantina
Appendix 3
List of species incorrectly recorded from North America.
Allophasiamarseuli Bates, 1873c: 237. The species was described from a unique specimen with no locality data. It was doubtfully recorded from North America by Papp (1961d: 122). Triplehorn and Brendell (1985: 12) found a few conspecific specimens from South America suggesting that it occurs in South America.
Ammophorusdenticollis Boheman, 1858: 89. The species was originally reported from Panama. However Van Dyke (1953: 95) believe the specimen(s) was mislabelled as some others of Boheman’s species listed from Panama and was in fact collected in the Galápagos Islands. Since the genus is found only in Chile, Peru, mainland Ecuador, and the Galápagos Islands (Peck 2006: 219), Van Dyke’s statement is likely correct.
Ammophorusobscurus G.R. Waterhouse, 1845: 32. Waterhouse described this species from the Galápagos Islands. Blaisdell (1943: 238) reported seeing one specimen of the species from San José del Cabo in Baja California Sur but also suggested that its provenance should be taken with some doubt. For the reason outlined for the previous species, the Mexican record is unreliable and certainly based on a mislabelled specimen.
Blapstinuslatifrons LeConte, 1874: 70. This species was described from one specimen collected on Vancouver Island. The name is currently a junior synonym of Gonocephalumbilineatum Walker, a widespread species in southeast Asia (Kaszab 1952: 682). As pointed out by Aalbu and Triplehorn (1985: 273), this isolated record is probably the result of an accidental interception.
Cistelopsisinstriata Pic, 1930: 23. This species, described from “Indes Méridionales,” was recorded from “West Indies” by Blackwelder (1945: 508). However we believe the record is based on a misinterpretation of the region given by Pic and the species is probably an inhabitant of India (see next entry).
Cistelopsisrufomarginata Pic, 1930: 28. This species, along with its variety ruficolor, were described from “Indes Méridionales” and recorded from “West Indies” by Blackwelder (1945: 508) apparently from a misinterpretation of the locality given by Pic (1930: 28). The species, which is currently included in the genus Stilbocistela Borchmann, is known from India (Novák 2013: 180).
Cyclosattuswebsteri Casey, 1891: 710. The original locality given for this species is “Colorado.” However, Doyen et al. (1990: 244) pointed out that the species is a synonym of the Australian Cilibecostatus Solier, 1848 which is currently placed in the genus Saragus Erichson, 1842.
Cyrtosomaexcisicollis Gebien, 1928b: 198. This species was described from specimens originating in “Paramaribo” and “Amazonas” and doubtfully recorded from North America by Papp (1961d: 131). We have found no record indicating that the species occurs in North America.
Emmenastusrugosus Motschulsky, 1845a: 76. This taxon was originally described on specimens from “Sitka” in Alaska. Aalbu et al. (1995: 484) studied a syntype of the species from the Zoological Museum of the University of Moscow and concluded that it belongs to the genus Oxycara Solier, 1835. The genus is not found in North America and therefore the locality originally listed is incorrect.
Helopsovipennis Casey, 1890b: 487. The locality given for this species was “Majave Desert, California”. Spilman (1959: 63) matched the holotype in USNM to members of Adelium Kirby which are found in the Australian Region and South America. Matthews (1998: 777) added that the holotype belongs to a valid species from New South Wales closely related to Adeliumheterodoxum Lea and usually confused with it in collections. The specimen is obviously mislabelled.
Hyocischampioni Fauvel, 1904: 166. This species has been listed from “Baja Calif.” by Blackwelder (1945: 525). The species belongs to the genus Parahyocis Kaszab and is found in New Caledonia, Vanuatu and Samoa (Kaszab 1955: 645). Blackwelder’s record is incorrect.
Iphthinusaereus Melsheimer, 1846: 65. The locality listed for this taxon was “Pennsylvania.” The species actually belongs to the genus Encyalesthus Motschulsky, 1860 (= Derosphaerus J. Thomson, 1858) from the Oriental Region as first pointed by LeConte (1873: 335). The original locality is obviously incorrect. Melsheimer’s species is the type species of the genus Pachyurgus LeConte, 1862 which is a junior synonym of Derosphaerus.
Maraciahaagi Gebien, 1919: 35. This species was described from one specimen without collection locality. It was reported from South America by Blackwelder (1945: 538) but from Central America by Papp (1961d: 131). As there is no way to be certain that the species occurs in North America, it is not included in this catalogue. The only other species placed in the genus, M.femoralis (Kirsch), is known from Colombia.
Opatrumagricola Herbst, 1783: 35. The only record of this species in North America is from Horn (1870: 389) who, under the new specific name Eledonafungicola, mentioned that it was collected in the “Middle States.” Since the species was not found subsequently, it is likely that Horn’s specimen(s) was mislabelled. Eledonafungicola Horn was placed in synonymy with E.agricola (Herbst) by LeConte and Horn (1883: 384).
Oplocephalachalybea Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 341. The authors mentioned “La patrie de cette espèce est Philadelphie.” Horn (1870: 380) stated that the species is “probably not North American,” which is also the opinion of Triplehorn (2006: 332).
Oplocephalacollaris Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 347. Laporte and Brullé stated “Cette espèce fait partie de la collection de M. Dupont, qui l’a reçue de Philadelphie.” Triplehorn (2006: 332) pointed out that the statement do not indicate that the species was collected in Philadelphia. From the description, including the size, the name cannot be attributed to any species from northeastern North America. Likely the species was not collected in North America.
Phaleriaornata Wollaston, 1864: 494. This species was recorded by Papp (1961d: 121) from “Alas. to Can.” and the subspecies P.ornatabockeri Heyden and P.ornatanigrothoracica Heyden from “N. Am.” Actually the species Phaleriaornata, of which the two Heyden’s names are junior synonyms, is endemic to the Canary Islands (Löbl et al. 2008: 316). Papp (1961d: 121) records are obviously incorrect.
Phrenapatesmandibularis Gebien, 1910b: 504. This species was described from “Nördl. Süd-Amerika” and doubtfully recorded from North America by Papp (1961d: 124). We have not found any record that would indicate that the species occurs in North America.
?Platolenesdesfontainesi Pic, 1952: 2. This species was originally described from Haiti. It was doubtfully transferred to the genus Amarygmus Dalman,1823 by Bremer (2001: 57). Since the genus Amarygmus is not represented in the Western Hemisphere, it is possible that Pic’s specimen(s) were mislabelled.
Platydemainfuscata Laporte and Brullé, 1831: 373. This species was originally reported from “Colombie.” It was doubtfully listed from North America by Papp (1961d: 123). We have found no record indicating that the species occurs in North America.
Tenebrioangulatus Perty, 1830: 57. This species, described from “Prov. Piauhiensi” in Brazil, was reported under the generic name Tauroceras Hope, 1841 from several places in North America (see Champion 1885: 106; Champion 1892: 523; Blackwelder 1945: 535; Papp 1961d: 129). According to Ferrer et al. (2005) who revised the genus Tauroceras, Perty’s T.angulatus occurs only in South America.
Tenebrioolivensis Wollaston, 1864: 501. This species is listed from Canada by Papp (1961d: 130). The name is actually a junior synonym of Zidalusniloticus (Mulsant and Rey, 1853). The species is found only in the Canaries, Libya, Yemen and the Afrotropical Region (Löbl et al. 2008: 291). Papp’s record from North America is obviously incorrect.
Tenebriopicipes Herbst, 1797: 245. This species, which belongs to the genus Neatus LeConte, is listed as occurring in the Nearctic Region by Löbl et al. (2008: 299) apparently based on old records from the North American literature. Actually the species is found only in the Palaearctic Region and the records from North America refers to Neatustenebrioides (Palisot de Beauvois).
Trogositabidens Fabricius, 1792: 116. This species was originally reported from “Gallia.” Gebien (1906: 233) transferred the species to the genus Alegoria Laporte and mentioned that the original locality is incorrect. Gebien (1940: 768) listed the species from “Am. mer.,” Blackwelder (1945: 531) from “South America” and Papp (1961d: 126) from “N. Am.” Until a North American locality is recorded, the species is not included for the North American fauna.
Appendix 4
Supporting references for conservation of Tarpelamicans (Fabricius, 1798) over Tarpelavittata (Olivier, 1793) through reversal of precedence (ICZN 1999: Art. 23.9.2). To our knowledge Tarpelavittata (Olivier) has not been used as a valid name after 1899.
Anonymous (2013) Patuxent Research Refuge: comprehensive conservation plan. United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Laurel, Maryland.
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Cifuentes-Ruiz P, Zaragoza-Caballero S, Ochoterena-Booth H, Morón MA (2014) A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of the New World Helopini (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae, Tenebrioninae) indicates the need for profound rearrangements of the classification. ZooKeys 415: 191–216. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.415.6882
Ciegler HC (2014) Tenebrionoidea of South Carolina (Coleoptera: Mycetophagidae, Archeocrypticidae, Tetratomidae, Melandryidae, Mordellidae, Ripiphoridae, Zopheridae, Tenebrionidae, Synchroidae, Oedemeridae, Stenotrachelidae, Meloidae, Mycteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Salpingidae, Anthicidae, Ischaliidae, and Aderidae). Clemson University Public Service Publishing, Clemson, 243 pp.
Dillon E, Dillon LS (1972) A manual of common beetles of eastern North America. Volume II. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 435–894.
Downie NM, Arnett RH Jr (1996) The beetles of northeastern North America. Volume II: Polyphaga: Series Bostrichiformia through Curculionoidea. The Sandhill Crane Press, Gainesville (Florida), x +891–1721.
Dunford JC, Young DK (2004) An annotated checklist of Wisconsin darkling beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) with comparisons to the western Great Lakes fauna. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 130: 57–76.
Evans AV (2014) Beetles of eastern North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton & Oxford, 560 pp. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400851829
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Headstrom R (1977) The beetles of America. Barnes & Company, Cranbury (NJ).
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Majka CG, Chandler DS, Donahue CP (2011). Cheklist of the beetles of Maine, USA. Empty Mirrors Press, Halifax, 328 pp.
Matthews EG, Lawrence JF, Bouchard P, Steiner WE, Ślipiński SA (2010) Tenebrionidae Latreille, 1802. In: Leschen RAB, Beutel RG, Lawrence JF (Eds) Handbook of Zoology. Coleoptera, Beetles. Volume 2: Morphology and systematics (Elateroidea, Bostrichiformia partim). De Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 574–659.
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Shockley FW, Cline AR (2004) A contribution to the inventory of Coleoptera of Missouri: new records from Benton County. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 77: 280–284. https://doi.org/10.2317/0304.21.1
Sikes DS (2004) The beetle fauna of Rhode Island: an annotated checklist. The Biota of Rhode Island, volume 3. The Rhode Island Natural History Survey, Kingston, 286 pp.
Steiner WE Jr (1995) Structures, behavior and diversity of the pupae of Tenebrionidae (Coleoptera). In: Pakaluk J, Slipinski SA (Eds) Biology, phylogeny, and classification of Coleoptera. Papers Celebrating the 80th Birthday of Roy A. Crowson. Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, 503–539.
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Steiner WE Jr (2009) The Helopini (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) of Virginia. In: Roble SM, Mitchell JC (Eds) A lifetime of contributions to myriapodology and the natural history of Virginia: A Festschrift in honor of Richard L. Hoffman’s 80th birthday. Virginia Museum of Natural History Special Publication No. 16, Martinsville, USA, 331–339.
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