Two new species of Tovlinius Zaitzev, from China, with a key to the genera of Bombyliinae from China and a second key to the world species (Diptera, Bombyliidae, Bombyliinae, Bombyliini)

Abstract The genus Tovlinius Zaitzev is a Palaearctic genus with just one previously described species, Tovlinius albissimus Zaitzev. Tovlinius is here recorded from China for the first time, and two new species Tovlinius pyramidatus sp. n. and Tovlinius turriformis sp. n. are described and illustrated. A key to the genera of Bombyliinae from China and a second key to the World species of Tovlinius are also presented herein.


Introduction
The genus Tovlinius Zaitzev, 1979 belongs to the tribe Bombyliini of Bombyliinae (Evenhuis and Greathead 1999). Species of this genus are easily identified by the following characters: Proboscis 3.5 times longer than head; eyes of males not converging in the front of ocellar triangle; scape not swollen, tip of first flagellomere with clear terminal stylus; mid-tibial spur absent; vein R 1 -R 2+3 absent (2 submarginal cells); wing with basicostal infuscation tending to be more intense along margins of veins; wing distinctly swollen close to tip, cell r 5 closed and with long stalk; abdomen broad; body sometimes with pale markings (Greathead and Evenhuis 1997;Zaitzev 1979). Tovlinius previously included just one known species (T. albissimus Zaitzev) which is known only from Kazakhstan (Evenhuis and Greathead 1999). In the present paper, two new species, T. pyramidatus sp. n. and T. turriformis sp. n., are added, both from Sichuan Province in western China. A key to the genera of the Bombyliinae from China and a key to World species of the genus Tovlinius are presented.

Material and methods
Specimens were studied and illustrated with a ZEISS Stemi 2000-c stereomicroscope. Genitalic preparations were made by macerating the apical portion of the abdomen in cold 10% NaOH for 12-15 hours. After examination they were transferred to fresh glycerin and stored in a microvial pinned below the specimen. Photographs of the wing and adult abdomen were taken with a digital camera (Canon 450D) and modified with Adobe Photoshop. Voucher specimens examined are deposited in the Nankai University, Tianjin (NKU) and the Shanghai Entomological Museum, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai (SEMCAS). The following abbreviations are used: ad -anterodorsal, av -anteroventral, pd -posterodorsal, pv -posteroventral, dm -discal cell. Thorax black. Hairs on thorax mostly white; postpronotal lobe with long dense white hairs, mesonotum with long dense white hairs; thorax with sparse white hairs on anepisternum, and with long dense white hairs on katepisternum. Scutellum black with long dense white hairs. Legs black except tibiae yellow. Hairs on legs mostly yellow, bristles yellow. Femora with dense white hairs and scales; tibiae and tarsi with short yellow hairs and white scales. Hind femur with three av. Fore tibia with seven ad, eight pd, six pv; mid tibia with seven ad, eight pd, eight av, seven pv; hind tibia with eight ad, seven pd, six av, six pv. Wing (Fig. 1) uniformly weak brown except base brown. Vein r-m close to tip of cell dm, cell r 5 closed. Base of vein C with brush-like long black bristles, white hairs, and yellowish scales. Haltere dark brown.

Key to genera of Bombyliinae from China
Abdomen black. Hairs on abdomen mostly white; with long dense white erect hairs and sparse yellowish hairs dorsally, and with black bristles laterally that become denser apically. Sternites black except posterior edge and middle brown, sternites with long dense white erect and recumbent hairs.
Male genitalia (Figs 2-7). Epandrium trapezoidal in lateral view, distinctly higher than long, distinctly wider than long in dorsal view; cercus well exposed in lateral view; gonocoxite distinctly narrowing apically in ventral view; gonostylus oval with apex pointed (seen laterally); epiphallus pyramid-shaped with apex very narrow , epiphallus with narrow, long, and curved tip in lateral view.
Distribution. China (Sichuan). Etymology. The species is named after the pyramid-form of the epiphallus. Remarks. Tovlinius pyramidatus is similar to T. albissimus Zaitzev, but it can be differentiated from the latter by the following points: Scape covered with long dense black and white hairs; legs black except tibiae yellow, mostly covered with yellow hairs and bristles; haltere dark brown; epandrium slightly narrowing toward tip in dorsal view. In T. albissimus, the scape is covered with the long white hairs; the legs are yellow and covered with the white scales; the haltere is pale yellow; the epandrium is distinctly narrowing toward the tip in dorsal view (Zaitzev 1979). Diagnosis. Antenna black except joints brown, first flagellomere elongate with sparse white scales. Scutellum with long white hairs, posterior edge with white bristles. Wing uniformly weak brown; base of vein C with brush-like long black bristles, white hairs, and white scales. Dorsum of abdomen with long dense white erect hairs and white bristles laterally, hairs and bristles becoming denser apically; legs yellow except femora black; haltere black. Epandrium trapezoidal in lateral view, almost parallel-sided in dorsal view; epiphallus turriform in dorsal view.
Description. Male. Body length 10 mm, wing length 9 mm. Head black. Hairs on head black and white; frons narrowing distally, with long dense black and white erect hairs; face with long dense white erect hairs; occiput with long dense white erect hairs and long sparse black hairs. Antenna black except joints brown; scape elongate with long dense black and white scales; first flagellomere elongate with sparse white scales, and tip with a stylus. Proboscis black, nearly five times longer than head.
Thorax black with brown pollen. Hairs on thorax mostly white; postpronotal lobe with long dense white hairs, mesonotum with sparse long white hairs; anepisternum and katepisternum with long dense white hairs. Scutellum black with long white hairs, posterior edge with white bristles. Legs yellow except femora black. Hairs on legs mostly yellow, bristles yellow, scales white. Femora with dense white hairs and scales; tibiae and tarsi with short yellow hairs and white scales. Hind femur with three ad, three av, and three pv. Fore tibia with seven ad, eight pd, five av, and six pv; mid tibia with seven ad, seven pd, eight av, and six pv; hind tibia with eight ad, seven pd, seven av, and six pv. Wing (Fig. 8) uniformly weak brown. Vein r-m close to tip of cell dm, cell r 5 closed. Base of vein C with brush-like long black bristles, white hairs, and white scales. Haltere black.
Abdomen black. Hairs on abdomen mostly white; dorsum with long dense white erect hairs and lateral surface with white bristles that become denser apically, tergites 4-7 with some black bristles laterally. Sternites with long dense white hairs.
Male genitalia (Figs 9-14). Epandrium trapezoidal, distinctly higher than long, slightly wider than long in dorsal view; cercus well exposed in lateral view; gonocoxite distinctly narrowing apically in ventral view; gonostylus oval, its tip acute in lateral view; epiphallus turriform, obtuse at tip in dorsal view, epiphallus with a narrow, long, and curved tip in lateral view.
Remarks. Tovlinius turriformis is similar to T. albissimus Zaitzev, but it can be separated from the latter by the following points: Antenna black except joints brown; legs yellow except femora black, mostly covered with yellow hairs and bristles, and white scales; haltere black; epandrium almost parallel-sided in dorsal view. In T. albissimus, the basal two antennal segments are yellow; the legs are yellow and covered with the white scales; the halteres are pale yellow; the epandrium is distinctly narrowing toward the tip in dorsal view (Zaitzev 1979).