Epeus flavobilineatus (Doleschall, 1859).

Holotpe ♂, China: • Hainan Province: Mt Jianfeng, 25 Jun. 1981, s. coll. Paratypes • 6♂♂, Mt jianfeng, 25 Jun. 1981, s. coll., not examined.

Holotype ♀ (P-174), China: • Hunan Province: Luxi County, 15 Aug. 1994, H.M. Yan leg., stored at HUNNU, examined.

See Peng and Li (2002).

Detail description see Peng and Li (2002) and Meng et al. (2015). Photographs of the type of T. luxiensis are provided in Figs 1, 2.

China (Guizhou, Hunan, Hainan, Guangxi); Vietnam.

Telamonia luxiensis was described by Peng et al. (1998) based on a single female holotype from Luxi, Hunan, China. Epeus bicuspidatus was originally described by Song et al. (1988) based on the male holotype from Mt Jianfeng, Hainan, China, and its female was later described by Meng et al. (2015) based on specimens from Fanjingshan, Guizhou, China. The type localities of these two species are geographically close and the female genitalia have considerable morphological resemblance, including a shallow epigynal depression, inward-facing copulatory openings, and thin, strongly coiled copulatory ducts (Peng et al. 1998: figs 13–15; Meng et al. 2015: figs 11–14; Vu et al. 2025: fig. 1E, F). Therefore, T. luxiensis is considered to be a junior synonym of E. bicuspidatus.

Araneus falcatus Clerck, 1757.

Holotype ♂, China: • Hainan Province: Wulingyuan, 25 Sep. 1988, X.J. Peng leg., stored at HUNNU, examined.

See Peng et al. (1993a).

Male (holotype) measurements: see Peng et al. (1993a).

Male (Fig. 3A–D). Carapace longer than wide, yellow-brown, with yellow anterior area on thoracic part; cervical and radial grooves visible; fovea dark, longitudinal. Chelicerae yellow-brown, with two promarginal and one retromarginal teeth. Endites yellow, distally broadened. Labium concolourous with endites. Sternum longer than wide, yellow. Legs yellow-brown. Abdomen oval, with five yellow, chevron-shaped, posterior stripes. Venter yellow, with straight, longitudinal, serrated stripes. Spinnerets yellowish brown.

Palp (Fig. 4A–E). Tibia with three apophyses: dRTA wide and short; vRTA finger-like, with blunt tip; VTA shortest. Tegulum flat, with a conical TF, TA triangular with a sharp tip, situated near embolus. Embolus sclerotised, 1/2 length of tegulum.

Female. Unknown.

China (Hunan).

In 1988, “Hunan Wulingyuan” was established as a county-level district under Dayong City. After Dayong was renamed Zhangjiajie in 1994, the area became today’s Zhangjiajie Wulingyuan District encompassing the renowned Wulingyuan Scenic Area.

Ergane dentichelis Simon, 1899.

Holotype ♀ (P-168), China: • Hunan Province: Hengyang City, Goulufengensis, 2 Aug. 1997, X.J. Peng leg., stored at HUNNU, examined.

• 1♀ (HNU-YMS-2505-A), China: Hunan Province: Yongzhou City, Shuangpai County, Chashanluo, 26.0330, 111.9200, 971 m a.s.l., 25 Aug. 2025, X.J. Peng, S.L. Wang, Z.Y. Chen, F.Q. Wu, W.L. Yan leg., stored at HUNNU.

See Peng et al. (1998).

Female (holotype) measurements: see Peng et al. (1998).

Female (Fig. 5A–D). Carapace dark brown, with an irregular, reddish-brown area on posterior part; fovea reddish brown, longitudinal. Chelicerae dark-reddish brown, with two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth. Endites dark brown, paler on inner margins, distally broadened. Labium concolourous with endites. Sternum reddish brown to brown, shield-shaped, longer than wide. Abdomen oval, with dorsum brown, bearing a wide, longitudinal, median light band with posteromedian serrated margins; venter yellow, with brown longitudinal, discontinuous, dark patches. Spinnerets yellowish brown.

Epigyne (Fig. 6A, B). Epigynal plate wider than long; copulatory openings slit-shaped; M-shaped epigynal pocket situated medially; copulatory ducts invisible; spermathecae highly sclerotised, with two chambers, anterior one bean-shaped, left AS bigger than PS in dorsal view, the other side AS as wide as elongate tubiform PS; fertilisation ducts anterolaterally extended.

Male. Unknown.

China (Hunan).

Ptocasius weyersi Simon, 1885.

Holotype ♀, China: • Yunnan Province: Mengla County, Menglun, 20 Jul. 1984, s. coll. Paratype • 1♀, Menglun, 17 Mar. 1984, s. coll. Specimens stored at IZCAS, examined.

Holotype ♂ (P-93), China: • Yunnan Province: Mengla County, 12 March 1981, J.F. Wang leg., stored at HUNNU, examined.

Holotype ♂ (CG075), China: • Guangxi Province: Zhuang Autonomous Region, 23.4, 105.8, 1350 m a.s.l., 18 Jun. 2000, J. Chen leg., stored at IZCAS, not examined.

This species is similar to P. paraweyersi Cao & Li, 2016 (Cao et al. 2016: figs 38A–D, 39A–E) in having slender embolus and flat tegulum, but it can be distinguished by the following: 1) embolus originating at 12 o’clock in ventral view (Fig. 8A), but at two o’clock in P. paraweyersi (Cao et al. 2016: fig. 38C, D); 2) retrolateral tibial apophysis longer than tibia in retrolateral view (Fig. 6B), but shorter in P. paraweyersi (Cao et al. 2016: fig. 38B); 3) one M-shaped epigynal pocket in ventral view (Peng 2020: fig. 273a), but two epigynal pockets in P. paraweyersi (Cao et al. 2016: fig. 39A); and 4) highest point of copulatory duct above fertilisation ducts in dorsal view (Peng 2020: fig. 273b), but at the same level or slightly lower in P. paraweyersi (Cao et al. 2016: fig. 39B).

See Xie and Peng (1995). The types of P. triangula and P. montiformis are illustrated in Figs 7, 8 (P. triangula: Figs 7A–D, 8A–C; P. montiformis: Fig. 8D–F).

South Korea; China (Zhejiang, Fujian, Hubei, Hunan).

The type material of T. triangula was examined (Figs 7, 8A–C) and compared with high-quality images of P. montiformis obtained from the type-bearing institution (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China) (Fig. 8D–F). No morphological difference was observed between the two species. Thus, T. triangula is considered to be a junior synonym of P. montiformis.

Attus imperialis Rossi, 1846.

Holotype ♂, paratypes • 1♂, 1 juv., Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (MNHN) 22439, not examined.

Holotype ♂ (P-97), China: • Hunan Province: Chengbu County, 26 Jul. 1982, stored at HUNNU, J.F. Wang leg., examined.

Holotype ♀ (P-175), China: • Hunan Province: Longshan County, Houyan, 9 Sep. 1995, stored at HUNNU, Y.J. Zhang leg., examined.

See Wang et al. (2023).

See Logunov (2021b) and Peng (2020). Photographs of the types of Thyene radialis are given in Figs 9, 10; photographs of the types of Thyene zhangi are given in Figs 11, 12.

Japan, China (Guangxi, Hunan), Vietnam.

Thyene radialis was treated as the synonymy of T. orientalis by Logunov (2021b). Thyene radialis closely resembles the original description and illustrations of T. orientalis in having the conical RTA, the slender embolus originating at the 6 o’clock position, and the linguiform TF (Fig. 10; Żabka 1985: figs 632, 633; Xie and Peng 1995: figs 2, 6). Although minor differences are observed, such as the origin of the TF, the thickness of the tegulum in retrolateral view, and the presence of three or four radial striae on the bulbus in T. radialis (Xie and Peng 1995: fig. 6B; Logunov 2021b: fig. 144; Wang et al. 2023: fig. 50B). These differences are considered to be the intraspecific individual variation.

Examination of the type material of T. zhangi found no morphological differences between it and T. orientalis (Fig. 12; Ikeda 2013: figs 24, 25; Wang et al. 2023: fig. 51), except for the bilateral asymmetry of the copulatory duct, which has been reported in T. orientalis by Iwanaga et al. (2026). Therefore, these differences are also interpreted as intraspecific individual variation rather than taxonomic distinctions, and T. zhangi considered herein as a junior synonym of T. orientalis.

In summary, T. radialis and T. zhangi are herein regarded as junior synonyms of T. orientalis.

Holotype ♂ (P-92), China: • Yunnan Province: Yuxi County, 5 Jul. 1983, M.Y. Liu leg., stored at HUNNU, examined.

See Zhou et al. (2023).

Male (holotype) measurements: see Xie and Peng (1995).

Colouration (Fig. 13A–F). Carapace longer than wide, red-brown, with dark lateral areas; cervical and radial grooves visible; fovea dark and longitudinal. Chelicerae red-brown, with three promarginal teeth and one retromarginal dichotomous tooth. Endites red-brown, yellow on inner margins, distally broadened. Labium concolourous with endites. Sternum longer than wide, yellow. Legs blackish red-brown. Abdomen elongate-oval, anterior margin with a tuft of grey-white bristles; three indistinct chevrons on posterior. Venter yellow, with three yellowish-brown, longitudinal striae, lateral margin with straight, serrated stripes. Spinnerets yellowish brown.

Palp (Fig. 14A–C). Tibia wider than long. RTA tapered, as long as tibia, slightly curved and apically pointed in retrolateral view. Tegulum with a linguiform tegular flap. Embolus originating from upper part of tegulum and coiling around bulbus.

Female. See Zhou et al. (2023).

China (Hunan, Yunnan), Nepal.

Yuxi County was upgraded to the county-level Yuxi City in September, 1993, and was renamed as Hongta District of Yuxi Prefecture in 1998.