Review of Tersilochinae ( Hymenoptera , Ichneumonidae ) of China , with descriptions of four new species

General data on distribution and available host records are provided for the seventeen known Chinese species of Tersilochinae, distributed in fi ve genera. Four species, Diaparsis (Diaparsis) nitidulentis sp. n., Probles (Euporizon) vulnifi cus sp. n., Tersilochus (Tersilochus) ningxiator sp. n. and T. (T.) runatus sp. n., are described from Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China. Diaparsis rara Horstmann and the subgenus Rugodiaparsis Horstmann of the genus Probles Förster are recorded from China for the fi rst time.

Most tersilochines are koinobiont endoparasitoids which oviposit into the host larva and kill the host in its pupation chamber.Th ey are commonly reared from coleopteran hosts, especially the family Curculionidae, though orders Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera sometimes also serve as hosts.For instance, species of the genus Gelaens Horstmann are common parasitoids of Xyelidae in male cones on pines (Blank and Khalaim, unpublished), some tersilochine species were reported from sawfl ies of the family Tenthredinidae (Hellén 1958, Kopelke 1994, Al-Saff ar and Aldrich 1997), and two species of Tersilochus were reared from Eriocraniidae (Lepidoptera) (Jordan 1998).
Th e objectives of this work are to study material of Tersilochinae collected by Dr. M.-L.Sheng in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China, summarize data on Chinese tersilochines described in many separate papers, including papers which are not referenced in the catalogue TaxaPad (Yu et al. 2005), and present a general taxonomic review of Chinese Tersilochinae.A key to all species of Tersilochinae of Southeast Asia, with descriptions of new taxa, will be provided by Khalaim (unpublished).

Methods
Forty specimens of Tersilochinae were studied, collected from July to September 2005 by Dr. M.-L.Sheng in Liupanshan at 1820 m above sea level, in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Palaearctic part of China.Th e taxonomy is as accepted in the catalogue TaxaPad (Yu et al. 2005).Morphological terminology used in the descriptions predominantly follows Townes (1969).Photos were taken with a Leica MZ16 stereomicroscope with integrated Leica photo camera in the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (St. Petersburg, Russia).Th e captured images were assembled with Helicon Focus software and edited in Adobe Photoshop CS2.Types of new species are deposited in the collections of General Station of Forest Pest Management, State Forestry Administration, P.R.China (GSFPM) and Zoological Institute RAS, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZISP).

Results and taxonomy
Twelve species of Tersilochinae from fi ve genera, Barycnemis, Diaparsis, Phradis, Probles and Tersilochus, were recorded from China hitherto.Th e genus Diaparsis occurs in all zoogeographical regions, while the other four genera have a predominantly Holarctic distribution (Townes 1971, Khalaim, personal data).Only three species, Diaparsis isfi riae Khalaim, D. saeva Khalaim and Tersilochus orientalis (Uchida), were recorded from the Oriental part of China, with the remaining records from the Palaearctic part of China.
Four species, Diaparsis (Diaparsis) nitidulentis sp.n., Probles (Euporizon) vulnifi cus sp.n., Tersilochus (Tersilochus) ningxiator sp.n. and T. (T.) runatus sp.n., are described from the Palaearctic part of China in this paper.One species, Diaparsis rara Horstmann, and the subgenus Rugodiaparsis Horstmann of the genus Probles Förster, with one undetermined species, are recorded for the fi rst time from China.A list of seventeen Chinese species of Tersilochinae with general data on distribution and host records is presented below.Sheng, 2002 Distribution.China (Henan: 33°39' N, 111°49' E, 1400 m).

Diaparsis (Diaparsis) niphadoctona
Description.Female.Body length 4.7 mm.Head roundly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 1), temple 0.68 times as long as eye width (Fig. 1).Flagellum of antenna with 21-22 segments; all flagellomeres, excepting the first and apical ones, distinctly elongate, 1.3-1.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 2).Mandible mostly punctate, upper tooth distinctly longer than lower tooth.Malar space about as long as basal width of mandible.Occipital carina slightly raised in its lower part, after the juncture with oral carina.Clypeus broad, weakly and evenly convex, smooth, distinctly punctate in its upper 0.6.Face and frons finely granulate and densely punctate.Vertex almost smooth, rather densely pubescent.Temple finely and sparsely punctate, smooth and shining.Mesoscutum fi nely granulate and very densely punctate.Sternaulus as moderately depressed oblique area, transversely wrinkled (Fig. 12).Mesopleuron distinctly punctate centrally, with fi ner and denser punctures peripherally, smooth between punc- tures, with smooth impunctate area above sternaulus (Fig. 12).Mesosternum distinctly punctate, smooth between punctures.Basal keel of propodeum well developed, 0.41-0.46times as long as apical area (Fig. 13).Spiracle separate from pleural carina by two diameters of spiracle.Dorsolateral area of propodeum fi nely granulate, distinctly punctate.Apical area punctato-rugulose, weakly pointed anteriorly (at angle of about 85°) (Fig. 13).Fore wing length 3.65 mm.First section of radial vein longer than width of pterostigma.Metacarp not reaching apex of fore wing.Second recurrent vein postfurcal, unpigmented in its anterior part.Nervellus of hind wing weakly reclivous.Tarsal claws not pectinate.
First tergite length 1.14, posterior width 0.27 mm; tergite very slender, round in transverse section, entirely smooth.Glymma small, round, with short furrow anteriorly, not joined by a furrow to ventral part of postpetiole.Th yridia about twice as long as wide (Fig. 14).Second tergite length 0.45 mm.Ovipositor upcurved, with two dorsal subapical teeth, and three fi ne teeth ventrally (Fig. 3); sheath 1.57 mm long, about 1.4 times as long as fi rst tergite (Fig. 11).
Coloration.Body black.Palpi, mandible (excepting teeth), lower 1/3 of clypeus, scape and pedicel of antenna ventrally and legs brownish yellow to yellow-brown.Coxae more or less darkened; fore coxa brownish yellow to brownish; mid and hind coxae brownish to dark brown, yellowish ventrally.Hind femur mostly brown, yellow-brown basally, apically and ventrally.Hind tibia and all tarsi usually slightly infuscate.Tegula and pterostigma dark brown.Metasoma behind fi rst segment mostly yellow-brown, darkened dorsally.Etymology.From the Latin nitidus (bright, shining).Diagnosis.Th e new species resembles the European P. brevicornis Horstmann in that both species have the temple short (Fig. 4), thyridia slightly elongate (Fig. 19), and the ovipositor sheath distinctly shorter than the fi rst tergite (Fig. 18).But P. vulnifi cus sp.n. may be recognised by the very slender fl agellomeres (Fig. 5), and the longer body (about 4.0 mm in P. vulnifi cus sp.n. and about 3.0 mm in P. brevicornis).Th e new species also diff ers from P. brevicauda Horstmann by the shorter temple (Fig. 4) and entirely yellow-brown legs.

Diaparsis (Diaparsis) rara
Description.Female.Body length 4.15 mm.Head strongly and rather linearly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 4), temple 0.62 times as long as eye width (Fig. 4).Flagellum of antenna with 17 segments, fi liform; all fl agellomeres, except the basal and apical ones, 1.8-2.0times as long as wide (Fig. 5).Upper tooth of mandible distinctly longer than lower tooth.Malar space half as long as basal width of mandible.Oral carina strong, distinctly raised after juncture with occipital carina.Clypeus weakly and evenly convex, almost entirely smooth, with fi ne, sparse punctures in upper half.Face, frons and vertex distinctly granulate, without distinct punctures.Temple with more shallow granulation, very fi nely punctate.
Fore wing length 3.25 mm.First section of radial vein longer than width of pterostigma.Metacarp almost reaching apex of fore wing.Second recurrent vein postfurcal, unpigmented in its anterior part.Nervellus of hind wing weakly reclivous.Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Coloration.Body black.Palpi, mandible (excepting teeth) and legs yellow-brown (hind tarsus infuscate).Clypeus in its lower 0.4 and tegula brownish.Etymology.From the Latin vulnifi cus (wounding).Diagnosis.Th e new species belongs to the "cognatus" species group (correct name for the "jocator" species group according to Horstmann 2005) as the ovipositor has two dorsal teeth (Figs 8,26), and resembles the European T. petiolaris Horstmann in the smooth fi rst tergite, slightly elongate thyridia (Fig. 25), antenna with 20 fl agellomeres (Fig. 22), and ovipositor sheath 1.8 times as long as the fi rst tergite (Fig. 21).T. ningxiator sp.n. may be distinguished from this species by the well-developed sternaulus (Fig. 23), the mesopleuron smooth and distinctly punctate above sternaulus (Fig. 23), and the metasoma darker (Fig. 21).Description.Female.Body length 3.9 mm.Head roundly narrowed behind eyes in dorsal view (Fig. 7), temple 0.86 times as long as eye width (Fig. 7).Flagellum of antenna with 20 segments; middle fl agellomeres 1.4, subapical fl agellomeres 1.2 times as long as wide (Fig. 22).Upper tooth of mandible longer than lower tooth.Malar space 0.8 times as long as basal width of mandible.Clypeus broad, coriaceous and indistinctly punctate in its upper 3/4, and smooth in its lower 1/4.Face and frons densely granulate and more or less distinctly punctate.Vertex with shallow granulation and indistinct punctures.Temple fi nely granulate to almost smooth, partly fi nely punctate.
Mesoscutum densely granulate and fi nely and densely punctate.Sternaulus well-developed, rather long, upcurved anteriorly, with transverse wrinkles below (Fig. 23).Mesopleuron above sternaulus fi nely but distinctly and moderately densely punctate, mostly smooth between punctures (Fig. 23).Mesosternum smooth and densely punctate.Propodeum with spiracle adjacent to pleural carina; dorsolateral area fi nely punctate, smooth anteriorly and granulate posteriorly; apical area uneven.Basal area narrow, weakly widened anteriorly, more than twice as long as wide, and about half as long as apical area (Fig. 24).Fore wing length 3.6 mm.First section of radial vein longer than width of pterostigma.Metacarp somewhat short of apex of fore wing.Second recurrent vein postfurcal, unpigmented in anterior part.Nervellus of hind wing weakly reclivous.Tarsal claws not pectinate.
Coloration.Body black.Mandible (excepting teeth) brownish yellow.Clypeus with narrow brownish band along its lower margin.Tegula yellow-brown.Pterostigma brown.Metasoma behind fi rst segment yellow-brown ventrally to black dorsally.Fore and mid legs with coxae for the greater part darkened, yellowish ventrally, femora yellow-brown, and tibia yellow-brown ventrally and infuscate dorsally.Hind leg with coxa entirely black, femur brown on inner surface and dark brown on outer surface, tibia brownish fuscous, basitarsus brownish basally to infuscate apically.All tarsi infuscate, but some tarsomeres narrowly brownish basally and apically.
Etymology.From the type locality.
Etymology.From the Latin runatus (armed with spear).