Corresponding author: Xingke Yang (
Academic editor: L. Penev
The cantharid
The genus
The
During our recent study on this species group, we discover that the aedeagus of
The material of this study is deposited in the following collections:
Hebei University Museum, Baoding, China
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland
Labels of the type material are cited verbatim, some old names of localities are updated in square brackets [ ]. Names of localities of the additional material are written in standard English style, if in Chinese, annotated with transliterations in square brackets [ ]. The depositories of all material are noted at the end of their localities in round brackets ( ).
The aedeagi are detached from the body under a stereoscopic microscope and kept in 10% KOH solution for several minutes, then cleared in 75% alcohol and observed under a compound light microscope. Line illustrations are drawn with the aid of a camera lucida mounted on a Nikon SMZ 800 stereomicroscope. The scanning electronic micrographs are edited in CORELDRAW 12 and ADOBE PHOTOSHOP 8.0.1. The habitus photos are taken by Canon 450D digital camera with a Canon EF 100mm f/2.8 USM Macro Lens. The body length is measured from the anterior margin of clypeus to apex of elytron, and width is at the humeri of the conjoint elytra. Absolute measurements are used in millimetres (mm).
1 | Elytra metallic blue or green or mixed with light yellow | 2 |
– | Elytra yellow or light yellow, or mixed with black, never metallic | 5 |
2 | Elytra at most light yellow at bases of outer margins; pronotum with lateral margins slightly diverging posteriorly | 3 |
– | Elytra at least light yellow at lateral margins and humeri; pronotum with lateral margins distinctly diverging posteriorly | 4 |
3 | Aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with lateral emarginations of apical margin shallow, protuberances between median and lateral emarginations slightly wide and nearly truncated at apices | |
– | Aedeagus:conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with lateral emarginations of apical margin slightly deep, protuberances between median and lateral emarginations slightly narrow and rounded at apices | |
4 | Femora entirely yellow; aedeagus: ventral process of each paramere slightly turned outwards at apex in lateral view, median lobe with a sclerotized projection in middle of dorsum | |
– | Femora black along apical two-thirds of upper sides; aedeagus: ventral process of each paramere distinctly turned outwards at apex in lateral view, median lobe without any sclerotized projection in dorsum | |
5 | Aedeagus: ventral process of each paramere wide | 6 |
– | Aedeagus: ventral process of each paramere narrow | 9 |
6 | Head with a black marking on vertex; aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with median emargination of apical margin as deep as lateral ones | |
– | Head without any black marking; aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with median emargination of apical margin deeper than lateral ones | 7 |
7 | Aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with median emargination of apical margin inverse-trapeziform, protuberances between median and lateral emarginations truncated at apices | |
– | Aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with median emargination of apical margin not like above, protuberances between median and lateral emarginations rounded at apices | 8 |
8 | Elytra entirely light yellow, without black markings, lateral margins nearly parallel | |
– | Elytra yellow, each with a large rounded black marking at apex, lateral margins distinctly diverging posteriorly | |
9 | Head behind eyes black; pronotum with black markings; aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with median emargination of apical margin shallower than lateral ones | |
– | Head entirely yellow or reddish brown; pronotum without black markings; aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with the median emargination of apical margin deeper than lateral ones | 10 |
10 | Elytra with lateral margins diverging posteriorly; aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres with median emargination of apical margin wide, protuberances between median and lateral emarginations narrow | |
– | Elytra with lateral margins nearly parallel; aedeagus: conjoint dorsal plate of parameres slightly with median emargination of apical margin slightly narrow, protuberances between median and lateral emarginations slightly wide |
Holotype ♂ of
2♂♂, CHINA, Sichuan, Mt. Emei, 500–1200m,
China (Gansu, Sichuan).
Head subquadrate, evenly narrowed behind eyes, densely and finely punctate, eyes moderately protruding, breadth across eyes slightly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, terminal maxillary palpomeres long-triangular, widest near apices, antennae filiform and simple, extending to apical one-third of elytra, antennomeres II slightly widened apically, about 1.5 times as long as wide at apices, III about twice as long as II, V longest, XI slightly longer than X.
Pronotum subquadrate, slightly wider than long, widest at base, anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins diverging posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles nearly vertical, disc densely and finely punctate as that on head, distinctly convex on posterolateral parts.
Elytra about 4 times longer than pronotum, 3 times longer than humeral width, lateral margins distinctly diverging posteriorly, disc slightly sparsely and largely punctate than that on pronotum.
Legs: all tarsal claws bifid, with lower claws slightly shorter than upper ones.
Aedeagus (
Sometimes elytra entirely light yellow, or slightly darkened at apices, legs with tibiae entirely black. Body length: 8.0–11.0 mm; width: 1.5–2.5 mm.
In this study, the holotype male of this species is examined, however, its male genitalia is different from the illustration provided by
Male habitus, dorsal view
Holotype ♂, “CHINA SE, Shaanxi, Danfeng NE env., 900–1500m,
1♂, CHINA, Hubei, Xingshan, Longmenhe, 1350m, 18.vi.1993, leg. Jian Yao; 1♂, same locality, 1280m, 23.vi.1993, leg. Wenzhu Li; 1♂, same locality, 1400m, 16.vi.1993, leg. Runzhi Huang; 1♀, same locality, 1260m, 14.vi.1993, leg. Hongxing Li; 1♀, same locality, 1280m, 14.vi.1993, leg. Jian Yao; 1♀, same locality, 1350m, 16.vi.1993, leg. Jian Yao; 1♀, same locality, 1350m, 14.vii.1993, leg. Baowen Sun [all transliterated from Chinese labels] (all in IZAS).
China (Shaanxi, Hubei).
Body length: 7.0–9.0 mm; width: 1.5–2.3 mm.
In the original manuscript by
Besides, the type series of this species is shown to be plural and composed of 3 species. Except the holotype, one male paratype labeled with “CHINA NW, Sichuan, Min Shan, 2500–4500m,
Holotype ♂, CHINA, Yunnan, Lanping, 13.vi.2010, leg. Guoyue Yu [transliterated from Chinese label] (IZAS). Paratypes: 2♂♂, same data to the holotype (IZAS).
China (Yunnan).
This species is similar to
Head subquadrate, evenly narrowed behind eyes, slightly depressed on vertex, dorsum densely and finely punctate, eyes slightly protruding, breadth across eyes wider than anterior margin of pronotum, terminal maxillary palpomeres slender, slightly widened near apices, antennae filiform and simple, extending to middle of elytra, antennomeres II about twice as long as wide, III one-third longer than II, XI slightly longer than X.
Pronotum subquadrate, almost as long as wide, widest at base, anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins slightly diverging posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles nearly vertical, disc densely and finely punctate as that on head, convex on posterolateral parts.
Elytra about 5 times longer than pronotum, 4 times longer than humeral width, lateral margins parallel, disc densely and slightly largely punctate than that on pronotum.
Legs: all tarsal claws bifid, with lower claws slightly shorter than upper ones.
Aedeagus (
Sometimes head black, slightly brown at clypeus, antennae entirely black, pronotum black, slightly brown at anterior and lateral margins, scutellum black, legs mostly dark brown. Body length: 6.0–7.0 mm; width: 1.1–1.3 mm.
Patronymic, dedicated to its collector, Dr. Guoyue Yu (Beijing, China).
Male habitus, dorsal view
Holotype ♂, MYANMAR, Kachin prov., Mt. Emaw Bum, road of Kanphant, 2358m,
China (Yunnan), Myanmar (Kachin).
This new species is similar to
Head subquadrate, evenly narrowed behind eyes, dorsum densely and finely punctate, eyes strongly protruding, breadth across eyes distinctly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, terminal maxillary palpomeres long-triangular, widest near apices, antennae filiform and simple, extending to apical one-third of elytra, antennomeres II slightly widened apically, about 3 times as long as wide at apices, III one-third longer than II, V longest, XI slightly shorter than X.
Pronotum subquadrate, almost as long as wide, widest at base, anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins distinctly diverging posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles nearly vertical, disc densely and finely punctate as that on head, distinctly convex on posterolateral parts.
Elytra about 5 times longer than pronotum, 4 times longer than humeral width, lateral margins parallel, disc slightly sparsely and largely punctate than that on pronotum.
Legs: all tarsal claws bifid, with lower claws slightly shorter than upper ones.
Aedeagus (
Sometimes head and pronotum entirely light yellow, elytra light yellow almost at basal half part. Body length: 8.5–12.0 mm; width: 1.5–2.5 mm.
This new specific name is derived from Latin
One male paratype (CHINA, Yunnan) with left antennomeres VIII–XI, right protarsomeres II–V, right mesoleg, left mesotarsomeres II–V, right metatarsi and left metatarsomeres III–V and one female paratype with left antennomeres VII–XI, right VIII–XI and right metatarsus are missing.
Aedeagus of
Holotype ♂, CHINA, Sichuan, Kangding, Zheduoshanya, 4300m, 21.vi.1990, leg. Fusheng Huang [transliterated from Chinese label] (IZAS). Paratypes: 1♂, Sichuan pr., Kangding distr., Hailuogou Glacier Park, 21–24.vii.1992, lgt. R. Dunda (NHMB); 2♂♂, 1♀, Tat-sien-lu [Sichuan: Dajianlu], 1896 (NHMB); 1♂, Ta-tsien-Loû [Sichuan: Dajianlu], Chasseurs Thibetains, 1896 (NHMB); 2♂♂, Sichuan, Kangding, 2700m, 29.v.1983, leg. Xuezhong Zhang [transliterated from Chinese label, the followings as the same] (IZAS); 1♂, same locality, 2100m, leg. 22.vi.1983, leg. Shuyong Wang (IZAS); 2♂♂, same locality, 2500m, leg. 26.vi.1983, leg. Shuyong Wang (IZAS); 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 2600m, leg. 30.vi.1983, leg. Yuanqing Chen (IZAS); 1♀, same locality, 2300m, leg. 27.v.1983, leg. Yuanqing Chen (IZAS); 2♂♂, Sichuan, Ganzi, 3300m, 30.vi.1983, leg. Yuanqing Chen (IZAS); 3♀♀, Sichuan, Kangding, 3.vi.2004, leg. Yibin Ba & Aimin Shi (HBUM).
China (Sichuan).
This new species is similar to
Head subquadrate, evenly narrowed behind eyes, dorsum densely and finely punctate, eyes moderately protruding, breadth across eyes slightly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, terminal maxillary palpomeres long-triangular, widest near apices, antennae filiform and simple, extending to apical one-third of elytra, antennomeres II about 1.5 times as long as wide at apices, III one-third longer than II, V longest, XI slightly shorter than X.
Pronotum subquadrate, slightly wider than long, widest at base, anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins diverging posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles nearly vertical, disc densely and finely punctate as that on head, distinctly convex on posterolateral parts.
Elytra about 5 times longer than pronotum, 4 times longer than humeral width, lateral margins nearly parallel, disc slightly sparsely and largely punctate than that on pronotum.
Legs: all tarsal claws bifid, with upper claws almost as long as lower ones.
Aedeagus (
Body length: 8.0–11.0 mm; width: 1.5–2.5 mm.
This new specific name is derived from Latin
Aedeagi
Holotype ♂, CHINA, Gansu, Wenxian, Huangtuling, 2350m, 9.vii.2003, leg. Yibin Ba &Yang Yu (HBUM). Paratypes: 2♂♂, 2♀♀, same data to the holotype (1♂, 1♀ in HBUM; 1♂, 1♀ in NHMB); 1♂, Gansu, Wenxian, Qiujiaba, 2350–2650m, 30.vi.1998, leg. Xingke Yang (IZAS); 1♂, same locality, 2000–2100m, 1.vii.1998, leg. Shuyong Wang (IZAS); 1♀, same locality, 2200–2350m, 29.vi.1998, leg. Decheng Yuan (IZAS); 1♀, same locality, 2350–2650m, 30.vi.1998, leg. Decheng Yuan (IZAS); 2♀♀, same locality, 2350m, 28.vi.1998, leg. Jian Yao (IZAS); 1♀, same locality, 2350–2650m, 30.vi.1998, leg. Wenyi Zhou (IZAS); 3♀♀, Gansu, Zhouqu, Shatan Forestry, 2400m, 6.vii.1999, leg. Jian Yao (IZAS) [all transliterated from Chinese labels].
China (Gansu).
This new species is similar to
Head subquadrate, evenly narrowed behind eyes, dorsum densely and finely punctate, eyes slightly protruding, breadth across eyes wider than anterior margin of pronotum, terminal maxillary palpomeres long-triangular, widest near apices, antennae filiform and simple, extending to middle of elytra, antennomeres II about twice as long as wide, III about twice as long as II, V longest, XI slightly longer than X.
Pronotum subquadrate, slightly wider than long, widest at base, anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins diverging posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles nearly vertical, disc densely and finely punctate as that on head, slightly convex on posterolateral parts.
Elytra about 5 times longer than pronotum, 4 times longer than humeral width, lateral margins slightly diverging posteriorly, disc slightly sparsely and largely punctate than that on pronotum.
Legs: all tarsal claws bifid, with lower claws slightly shorter than upper ones.
Aedeagus (
Sometimes head with a small rounded black marking on vertex, elytra entirely light yellow, legs with femora and tibiae entirely yellow. Body length: 7.0–9.0 mm; width: 1.6–2.0 mm.
This new specific name is derived from Latin
Holotype ♂, CHINA, Sichuan, Mt. Emei, 1600m, 31.v.1979, leg. Jinwen Shang (IZAS). Paratype: 1♂, same locality, 1600–2100m, 24.vi.1955, leg. Le Wu (IZAS) [both transliterated from Chinese labels].
China (Sichuan).
This new species is related to
Head subquadrate, evenly narrowed behind eyes, dorsum densely and finely punctate, eyes moderately protruding, breadth across eyes slightly narrower than anterior margin of pronotum, terminal maxillary palpomeres long-triangular, widest near apices, antennae filiform and simple, extending to apical one-fifth of elytra, antennomeres II slightly widened apically, about twice as long as wide at apices, III about twice as long as II, V longest, XI slightly shorter than X.
Pronotum subquadrate, distinctly wider than long, widest at base, anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins diverging posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles nearly vertical, disc densely and finely punctate as that on head, distinctly convex on posterolateral parts.
Elytra about 5 times longer than pronotum, 2.5 times longer than humeral width, lateral margins distinctly diverging posteriorly, disc slightly sparsely and largely punctate than that on pronotum.
Legs: pro- and mesotarsal claws bifid, with lower claws slightly shorter than upper ones.
Aedeagus (
Body length: 9.0–11.0 mm; width: 2.5–3.0 mm.
This new specific name is derived from Latin
The metalegs of both holotype and paratype and antennomeres III–XI of paratype are missing. Besides, the left basal piece of holotype and basal pieces of aedeagus of paratype are damaged.
Holotype ♂, CHINA, Sichuan, Wanxian, Wangerbao, 1200m, 28.v.1994, leg. Wenzhu Li [transliterated from Chinese label] (IZAS). Paratypes: 1♀, same locality, 27.v.1994, leg. Xingke Yang (IZAS); 1♂, W. Guizhou prov., Leigongshan, Xijiang, 1200–1900m, 29.v–2.vi.1997, lgt. Bolm (IZAS).
China (Sichuan, Guizhou).
This new species is similar to
Head subquadrate, evenly narrowed behind eyes, dorsum densely and finely punctate, eyes moderately protruding, breadth across eyes slightly wider than anterior margin of pronotum, terminal maxillary palpomeres long-triangular, widest near apices, antennae filiform and simple, extending to apical one-fourth of elytra, antennomeres II slightly widened apically, about twice as long as wide at apices, III about twice as long as II, V longest, XI slightly longer than X.
Pronotum subquadrate, slightly wider than long, widest at base, anterior margin arcuate, lateral margins diverging posteriorly, posterior margin almost straight, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles nearly vertical, disc densely and finely punctate as that on head, distinctly convex on posterolateral parts.
Elytra about 5 times longer than pronotum, 2.5 times longer than humeral width, lateral margins distinctly diverging posteriorly, disc slightly sparsely and largely punctate than that on pronotum.
Legs: all tarsal claws bifid, with lower claws slightly shorter than upper ones.
Aedeagus (
Body length: 10.0–14.0 mm; width: 2.0–3.5 mm.
This new specific name is derived from Latin
The female paratype with right antenna, left antennomeres III–XI, left metatarsomere V and right metatarsomeres III–V are missing.
Aedeagi
We are indebted to Dr. Michel Brancucci (NHMB) for his various help in our study and being a referee to provide valuable suggestions to improve our manuscript. We are also grateful to Dr. Antoine Mantilleri (MNHN) for his help during our visit, to Dr. Robert Constatin (Saint-Lô, France) and Dr. Guoyue Yu (Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, China) for presenting us with some studied material. Thanks are due to the other anonymous referee for his valuable comments on our manuscript and Mr. John MacDermott (USA) for correcting our English. This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31010103913, No. 31172135) and the Science Foundation of Hebei University (No. 2010-203).