Caupolicana in Central America (Hymenoptera, Colletidae, Diphaglossinae)

Caupolicana (Zikanapis) wileyi sp. n. from Guatemala is described. New locality records are noted for other species, and the hitherto unknown female of C. (Z.) rozenorum Michener, Engel, and Ayala from Guatemala is described. A key for the identifi cation of Central American Caupolicana is provided.


Introduction
Th e large and conspicuous bees of the genus Caupolicana, subgenus Zikanapis, that occur in tropical America are probably all crepuscular or nocturnal and are therefore rather rarely taken by bee collectors.Revisional studies of this group of about a dozen species are those of Moure (1964) for South America and Michener et al. (2003) for Central America.Below we describe another species from Central America (Guatemala), Caupolicana (Zikanapis) wileyi sp.n., raising the number of species known from the region to four, and record new data for certain other species.
All Central American species of Caupolicana belong to the subgenus (or genus, depending on the classifi cation) Zikanapis Moure, 1945.Distinctive features of Zikanapis were described by Moure (1945) and Michener (1966), and summarized by Michener (2007).Minor modifi cations of these characterizations are noted in the present study, as follows: In C. (Z.) wileyi, the broad median apical projection of the sixth metasomal sternum of the male has an apical concavity that is rounded, not V-shaped.Furthermore, the dense, minute setae of the broad areas of the ventrolateral parts of the second through the fourth metasomal terga (and to a lesser extent, the fi fth metasomal tergum) are not erect but are decumbent and directed upward and slightly posteriorly.
Our present work was stimulated by Dr. James R. Wiley who sent us for study a small collection of mostly Guatemalan Caupolicana from the Entomology Museum, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Gainesville, Florida.Th e collector of much of this material, Dr. J.B. Heppner, has reported to Dr. Wiley that these bees were abundant at a black light (UV) trap.Many moth scales are on the specimens, no doubt transferred to the bees when struggling together with moths in the trap.Th ese fi ndings support the view that these bees are nocturnal or crepuscular.Additional Guatemalan material was received from Dr. Enio Cano of the Universidad del Valle de Guatemala.Labels on some of the specimens of C. (Z.) rozenorum Michener, Engel & Ayala indicate that they were taken at lights.
Abbreviations used below are T and S for terga(um) and sterna(um), such that, for example, T1 is the fi rst metasomal tergum.Th e abbreviation OD is the horizontal diameter of the anterior ocellus, used to measure various other cephalic structures or distances between them.Collections in which specimens are housed are abbreviated as follows: KSEM, Division of Entomology, Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA; FSCA, Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Florida Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, USA; UVGC, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.Photomicrographs were prepared using a Nikon D1x digital camera attached to an Infi nity ® K2 long-distance microscopic lens.

Key to species of Central American Caupolicana
Th e key to species of Central American Caupolicana, below, is based on that of Michener et al. (2003), which contains references to fi gures that are useful in interpreting the key but are not duplicated here.Accordingly, we encourage use of the key in conjunction with our earlier contribution (Michener et al., 2003).Comments.Th is species was originally described (Michener et al., 2003) on the basis of four males from three diff erent localities in Costa Rica.Two females from one of these localities were considered possibly C. rozenorum and their characters were noted.We now have males and females from a locality in Guatemala as listed above.Th ese females appear to be the same species as the females noted in 2003, supporting the tentative association of sexes.Additional females from localities in Guatemala, San Salvador, and Costa Rica were not taken with males.Th e data for these specimens are listed above.
Comparisons.Th e following paragraphs list diff erences between C. rozenorum and C. inbio.
Male: Caupolicana rozenorum and C. inbio are noteworthy because of the very striking diff erence in the metatibial shape and setation (see above key and fi gures 21 and 22 in Michener et al., 2003) but near absence of other diff erences.Th e diff erentiating characters other than the metatibia listed in the original description of the male of C. rozenorum are not reliable.Th e middle fl agellar segments of C. inbio are sometimes about 1.5 times as long as broad as described for C. rozenorum.Th e punctures on the shining central part of the lower half of the clypeus are more widely scattered in C. rozenorum than in the available specimens of C. inbio, but the diff erence is not impressive and intergradation is probable.Th e integument is generally paler in C. inbio than in C. rozenorum; thus the fl agellum is brown to blackish, darker above than below, in C. inbio whereas it is blackish, dark brown below, in C. rozenorum.Moreover, the legs are brown with the metabasitarsus yellowish in C. inbio, whereas the legs including the metabasitarsus are dark brown in C. rozenorum.Th e setae on the outer surfaces of the meso-and metatibiae are mostly pale in C. inbio, mostly somewhat dusky in C. rozenorum, the darkness varying with the angle of illumination.Th e supposed diff erence in dark apices of the mesosomal pile does not exist.An additional apparent diff erence is in the ocellocular distance, which, although given as 0.15 OD for both species in the original descriptions, seems to be less in C. rozenorum; this apparently does not apply to all specimens.
Female: Length 17-21 mm (averaging slightly smaller than C. inbio); forewing length 11-13 mm.Upper interorbital distance about 3 OD; lower interorbital distance about 5 OD; interocellar distance about 1 OD; ocellocular distance about 0.5 OD; other measurements approximately as recorded for C. inbio.Clypeus broadly convex without weak longitudinal depression on each side of weak median longitudinal area as found in C. inbio.Inner metatibial spur with 17 or 18 large teeth (not counting small basal teeth and preapical tooth sometimes present).Integument including metatarsus largely black but pro-and mesofemora and tibiae with brownish areas; pygidial plate medially dark brown.Setae of tarsi largely fuscous although with yellowish refl ections.Pile of mesosomal dorsum and T1 usually darker than in C. inbio because of black or dusky apical parts of setae.Diagnosis.Among similar species of the subgenus Zikanapis, such as C. inbio and C. rozenorum, the male of C. wileyi diff ers by the dense suberect black setae of T2 and T3 and to some degree of T4, while the female diff ers from the others by the black or in some areas blackish pile of the mesosomal dorsum and T1.Metatibia of male about 4.8 times as long as greatest breadth, distal half parallel sided.S8 of male with midapical process nearly parallel sided, not slender basally as in C. inbio.
Punctation as in C. inbio, lower midapical part of shiny area of clypeus with a few, scattered, large punctures (true also for some C. inbio, contrary to description).Base of labrum with minor irregularities, not punctures.T5 and T6, except for smooth apical marginal zones, coarsely and rather closely punctate in contrast to preceding terga.
Integument black, under surface of fl agellum dark brownish, particularly distally; small segments of tarsi brownish; pro-and mesofemora partly brown (note that the metabasitarsus is black, not yellowish as in C. inbio); posterior marginal zones of T5 and T6 translucent brown; ventrolateral dull areas of T2 to T5, and all sterna, largely brown.Facial setae mixed ochraceous and black, mostly ochraceous on clypeus and lower supraclypeal area, which support long dense setae (Fig. 6); setae of vertex black, some black setae extending down along posterior orbit to middle or lower part of compound eye.Dense pile on mesosomal dorsum, uppermost mesepisternum, and T1 fulvous, often with irregular darker areas on posterior part of mesoscutum, apices of setae not blackish; setae of genal areas, ventral parts of head, sides (except above) and venter of mesosoma pale ochraceous, sometimes dusky in lower lateral and posterior parts of mesepisternum and blackish on anterior lateral parts of propodeum; pale ochraceous whitish on lower lateral and posterior parts of propodeum; setae of coxae to femora ochraceous and partly dusky; setae of meso-and metatibiae and tarsi dusky, partly ochraceous on under surface of midleg; setae of protibia and protarsus dusky to ochraceous.Setae of T1 whitish below laterally, but on dorsal surface fulvous as on mesosomal dorsum; setae of T2, T3, and intermixed on T4 black, dense, suberect (most nearly erect on T2), black or blackish setae continuing onto ventrolateral parts of terga and blackish on lateral extremities of sterna; otherwise sternal setae ochraceous; T4 with long setae mixed ochraceous and dusky; T5 to T7 with setae long, especially long on T5, ochraceous, slightly dusky especially laterally.
Densely punctate, dull part of clypeus occupying nearly upper third of clypeus except usually divided medially by extension of smooth surface upward from lower part of clypeus (Fig. 3); lower two thirds of clypeus except laterally smooth, shining, with few scattered large punctures.
Integument black, under side of fl agellum brownish, especially distally, last fl agellar segment brown beneath; tegula translucent infuscated testaceous; small segments of tarsi, especially distitarsi, brown; under surfaces of pro-and mesofemora and tibiae and sometimes metatibia and metabasitarsus partly brownish.
Setae of face dusky to blackish, areas of short dense pallid setae on frons and lower paraocular areas, longer setae of paraocular areas and setae of vertex black, black to dusky setae extending from vertex down along outer orbit to half or entire compound eye length, otherwise setae of gena and venter of head whitish.Pile of mesosomal dorsum, uppermost mesespiternum, and upper lateral surface of propodeum black or blackish, bases of setae often dusky; setae of mesepisternum laterally dusky, grading to pale dusky ventrally and on pro-and mesocoxae to femora, white or whitish on lower lateral surface and posterior surface of propodeum and on metacoxa to femur and under surface of metatibia; setae on outer surfaces of tibiae and basitarsi black, glistening pallid in some lightings; T1 with long setae whitish basally and laterally, dusky on posterior part of dorsal surface; dorsal surfaces of T2 and T3 with setae short, decumbent, dusky but glistening pallid in oblique light; T4 with similar setae but also scattered, long, erect whitish setae; T5 and T6 with abundant long pallid to coppery setae, a few of them dusky; lateral parts of terga with dusky to blackish setae, grading to yellowish white on ventrolateral extremities; sterna with setae yellowish white, whiter laterally.
Etymology.Caupolicana wileyi is so named in recognition of Dr. James R. Wiley of the Florida State Collection of Arthropods, who made possible this study by providing many of the specimens used.