A new species of Philorhizus Hope , 1838 from Greece ( Coleoptera , Carabidae , Lebiini )

Philorhizus marggii n. sp. is described from Greece (southern Peloponnese). Type locality: Taygetos Massif, Profi tis Illias, N 36°58’/E 022°21’, 2000-2400 m asl. Members of this micropterous species are distinguished from the other Philorhizus species occurring on the Balkans by habitus, the special colouration pattern of the elytra and the special construction of the internal sac of the median lobe. Illustrations of the habitus, the median lobe and its internal sac and a description of the habitat of the new species are presented. A key to all Philorhizus species known from Greece is given. Biogeographic notes on the distribution of micropterous Philorhizus species in the western Palaearctic realm are given. Philorhizus paulo Wrase, 1995 is recorded from France for the fi rst time (East Pyrenees).


Introduction
In a previous paper (Wrase, 2005) brief mention was made of a striking, wingless species from the Taygetos Massif, obviously unknown to science.Unfortunately, as only a female representative was found, it was not described.
In an expedition to a locality in the Taygetos Massif close to the site where the female specimen was collected, one of us (Th .A.) was able to fi nd three males which match perfectly with the original female specimen; thus, we are now able to describe this species, increasing the number of Philorhizus (urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EF8BB370-B48A-4618-99D3-5975C715D18D)species known from Greece to seven.To simplify the recognition and identifi cation of Philorhizus species from Greece we present an identifi cation key to all known species from that country.

Material
Th e material examined is housed in the collections listed below: cASSM Collection Th .Assmann, Bleckede, Germany (type material will be given to

Methods
Total body length (BL) is measured from the tip of the mandibles to the apex of the right elytron as the maximum linear distance; the width of the head (HW) as the maximum linear distance across the head, including the compound eyes; the length of the pronotum (PL) from the anterior to the posterior margin along the midline; the length of the elytra (EL) from the basal margin to the apex of the right elytron as the maximum linear distance; the width of the pronotum (PW) and elytra (EW) at their broadest point; the width of the pronotal base (PBaW) between the tip of the hind angles at insertion of seta.Th ese measurements, made at a magnifi cation of 32X (body length) and 50X, respectively, and using an ocular micrometer in a Leica MZ 16 stereobinocular microscope, were combined as ratios and/or added as follows: BL: total body length; PW/PL: width /length of pronotum; PW/HW: width of pronotum /width of head; PW/PBaW: width of pronotum/width of the pronotal base; EL/EW: length/width of elytra; EW/PW: width of elytra/width of pronotum.
Microsculpture was examined at a magnifi cation of 100X.Line drawings were prepared using an ocular grid (15 X 15 squares) attached to a Leica MZ 16 stereobinocular microscope.Dissections were made using standard techniques; genitalia were preserved in Euparal on acetate labels, and pinned beneath the specimens from which they had been removed.Th e habitus photograph was taken with an Olympus E-330 digital camera in combination with a Leitz MZ 95.Postprocessing was done in Adobe Acrobat Professional 7.0.To achieve suffi cient depth of focus, 17 planes were captured which were copied to separate layers, and the out-offocus planes are masked by a stacking programme (Combine Z5).
Diagnosis A micropterous species of average size for Philorhizus, with wide infuscated head, narrow pronotum, long-oval elytra yellowish with a wide dark transverse fascia at apical half and completely rounded humeri.Habitus, see Fig. 1.
Colour: Head (with exception of lighter clypeus) dark or light reddish piceous, mandibles, mouthparts, pronotum and appendages yellowish.Elytral basal half, apical margins and a large semicircular or almost square area around sutural angle testaceous, the remainder infuscated, forming a reddish piceous, wide, transverse, somewhat jagged fascia.Th e dark area bordering the suture extends slightly towards base of elytra.
Head (Fig. 1) large, almost as wide as pronotum (ratio PW/HW in males: 1.03-1.06,Ø 1.05, holotype 1.05; in female: 1.06).Eyes fairly large and fl at, eye diameter about 2.3 to 3.0 times as long as rectilinearly narrowed tempora (seen in dorsal view).Antennae of medium length, slender, antennomeres 4-11 with dense and fairly fi ne setae except obligatory long apical setae (about as half as long as the latter).
Microsculpture mesh pattern on head in males consisting of weakly engraved isodiametric meshes on disc (somewhat more marked in the female), hence surface fairly shiny, on pronotum transverse and on elytra almost isodiametric in both sexes, moderately impressed, surface somewhat shiny.
Median lobe and internal sac structure (Fig. 2): Relatively stout, with apical lamella small, evenly narrowed and apically rounded.Internal sac (in inverted condition) with a long winding, wide band of scales and thorns, which appears in lateral view in the middle part of the median lobe, reaching the apical part, and a short band of thorns, situated ventrally before the apical part.
Comparisons In habitus and other characteristics (shiny head with weakly developed microreticulation, slender antennae, head wide with almost rectilinearly narrowed long tempora, pronotum very narrow, with posterior angles obtuse and angled strongly forward, micropterous, elytra with completely rounded humeri) similar to Ph. alpinus (Meschnigg, 1934), described from the Aroania Mountains (Greece).Th e new species can be distinguished from Ph. alpinus by its piceous head, by the elytra with a distinct, wide, dark transverse fascia at apical half which extends forward along the suture, omitting a large, testaceous semicircular or square area around the sutural angle, and by somewhat shorter tempora (while Ph. alpinus is unicolorous, tempora almost as long as eye diameter).A comparison of the male genitalia cannot be given here, as the only specimen of Ph. alpinus we were able to study was a female (see Wrase 2005).Th e new species can be diff erentiated from the other species occurring in the Balkan Peninsula [Ph.crucifer crucifer (Lucas, 1846), Ph. lompei Wrase, 2005, Ph. melanocephalus (Dejean, 1825), Ph. notatus (Stephens, 1827), Ph. quadrisignatus (Dejean, 1825) and Ph.sigma sigma (P.Rossi, 1790)], and also from Ph. dacicus Sciaky, 1991 (Romania, Ukraine) by its characteristic colouration (see fi gures in Sciaky, 1991, andWrase, 2005), the almost rectilinearly narrowed long tempora, the characteristic form of the pronotum with its obtuse posterior angles angled strongly forward (at about the length of antennomere 2), and therefore its base laterally strongly rounded toward the posterior angles, and by the diff erent construction of its median lobe and the striking structure of its internal sac (compare fi gures in Sciaky, 1991, andWrase, 2005).For better distinction we present an identifi cation key (see below).
Etymology It gives us great pleasure to be able to dedicate this new species to our colleague and friend Dr. Werner A. Marggi (Th un), well-known specialist in Carabidae, who collected (together with Dr. Charles Huber, Bern) the fi rst known specimen of the new species.
Distribution Up to now only known from the type locality in the Taygetos Massif and most likely an endemic species.
Habitat Th e specimens from 2007 were collected from low down on stones in subalpine meadows at altitudes of 2000 to 2400 m (Fig. 3).Th e stones were well embedded in the ground and surrounded by grass, which was taller than in the meadow grazed by goats and sheep.Beetles' activity on the plants is therefore likely to be typical for many other lebiine carabids (cf.Stork 1980).Th e specimen from 1997 was collected in the montane zone close to a small pond.Th ese records indicate that the species probably occurs in the middle and higher altitudes of Mount Taygetos.

Biogeographic notes on the unwinged Philorhizus species from the West Palaearctic realm
Philorhizus marggii n. sp.belongs to a group of species of the genus Philorhizus which is characterized by microptery (or brachyptery) and by the fact of its distribution in mountainous regions.As far as is known at present, these species occur in the western part of the Palaearctic realm from the Macaronesian Islands (Canary Islands, Madeira), the Iberian, Apennine and southern Balkan Peninsulas, up to the Caucasus.Th e northern limit is marked by populations in the Ukraine, the southern by those in the Sierra Nevada, northern Sicily, Turkey and by the population(s) of Ph. marggii n. sp.from southern Greece (cf.Sciaky 1991;Wrase 2005).Philorhizus tinauti Anichtchenko, 2005, a sister species of Ph. mendizabali Mateu et Colas, 1954), is known from low altitudes in eastern Andalucia (Almería, Anichtchenko 2005).At least most, if not all, of these species live in southern glacial refuge areas of the western Palaearctic.Distribution pattern and low power of dispersal resulting from microptery (or brachyptery) in combination with small body size suggest that these taxa survived the glacial periods within or close to the recent/present-day distribution areas (cf.Holdhaus 1954).Moreover, we believe that these endemic Philorhizus species are relicts because in many cases not only one, but several massifs are colonized (cf.Habel and Assmann 2008).In contrast to some extreme endemics, such as numerous Trechus species or cave dwelling carabids, it is highly probable that these Philorhizus species had a wider distribution in the past.Otherwise it is diffi cult to explain the existence of some isolated populations of the same species such as Ph.dacicus Sciaky, 1991 known from Romania and Ukraine (Kabak 2003), Ph. brandmayri Sciaky, 1991 recorded from Sicily and the Aspromonte Mountains in Calabria and Ph.paulo Wrase, 1995 distributed in northern Spain and the Pyrenees.A new record from a locality in the East Pyrenees, about 5 kilometres southwest from Prades-de-Mollo-la-Preste, close to the Spanish border, enlarges the known distribution area of Ph. paulo to southern France (fi rst record for France: "France, Collado de Ares, 27.V.1978, Hozman lgt." (Dept.Pyrénnées-Orientales); 1 male in cWR).structure, apically darkened by longer and denser microspines.Median lobe with longer apex (see Fig. 22 in Sciaky, 1991)