Flow chart of the sequential steps within the 1st and 2nd phases of an MFA and how and where the different numeric and categorical data types are used in the analysis. PCA = principal component analysis and MCA = multiple correspondence analysis.

 
 
  Part of: Grismer LL (2025) Introducing multiple factor analysis (MFA) as a diagnostic taxonomic tool complementing principal component analysis (PCA). ZooKeys 1248: 93-109. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1248.159516