Hind foot bones of Mazama rufina (A) and Pudu puda (B) sensuHershkovitz (1982). According to Hershkovitz (1982; see also Brooke 1874, 1878), the union of the cuboideonavicular and external and middle cuneiform tarsal bones into a single bone in Pudu is the only osteological characteristic shared by P. puda and P. mephistophiles that consistently separates them from all other living deer, with exception of the genera Elaphodus and Muntiacus.