Maximum-likelihood (10000 bootstrap repeats) and Bayesian inference (100,000 generations) tree showing phylogenetic relationships among seven Monomorium species based on 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) from complete mitochondrial genome sequences. Two Solenopsis species were used as the outgroup. The phylogenetic tree shown is based on the maximum-likelihood tree. The new species, M. brachypterum, is shown in bold. The numbers above the branches indicate maximum-likelihood bootstrap support (left) and Bayesian inference posterior probability (right). Original sequences and trees are available in Suppl. materials 6–8.

 
 
  Part of: Idogawa N, Dobata S, Okada Y, Yamane S (2025) A new species of Monomorium Mayr, 1855 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with a brachypterous queen from southern Japan, and phylogeny of Japanese Monomorium species with diverse reproductive strategies. ZooKeys 1250: 49-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1250.150776