The first record of Telemidae from Kenya, with the description of two new species (Arachnida, Araneae)

Abstract Two new species of Telemidae from Kenya are described: Guhua kakamegaensis Zhao & Li, gen. et sp. n., Apneumonella taitatavetaensis Zhao & Li, sp. n. Holotypes are deposited in the National Museum of Kenya in Nairobi, and all paratypes are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing. A distribution map of Telemidae found in Kenya is presented.


Introduction
Telemidae Fage, 1913 is a relatively small family consisting of nine genera and 69 species (World Spider Catalog 2017), which are unevenly distributed in rainforest and karst regions of tropical Africa, Europe, East and Southeast Asia and the New World. The majority of the species are reported to occur in Southwest China and Southeast Asia, especially Telema Simon, 1882 and Pinelema Wang & Li, 2012, but 20 species of this family are fragmentally distributed in other regions of the world. There are three known genera of Telemidae in Africa: Apneumonella Fage, 1921, Cangoderces Harington, 1951and Seychellia Saaristo, 1978. Apneumonella is composed of two species, the type species is from Tanzania (Fage 1921), and the other described species is found in Sumatra, Indonesia (Brignoli 1977). All five species of Cangoderces were discovered in western and southern African countries: Cameroon, Ivory Coast and South Africa (Harington 1951, Baert 1985, Wang and Li 2011. The genus Seychellia is composed of five species, which occur in Seychelles, Cameroon, Ivory Coast and China (Saaristo 1978, Brignoli 1980, Baert 1985, Lin and Li 2008, Wang and Li 2011. In this paper, we present the first report of Telemidae in Kenya. The new monotypic genus Guhua gen. n. is established based on new well-defined morphological characters.

Materials and methods
All specimens were examined and measured using a Leica M205 C stereomicroscope. The bodies, male palps, and receptacles were photographed using an Olympus C7070 digital camera mounted on an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope. Images were combined using Helicon Focus version 6.7.1 image stacking software (http://www.heliconsoft.com). Further morphological details were observed under an Olympus BX41 compound light microscope. The left palps of the male were photographed with a Hitachi SU8010 Scanning Electron Microscope. Female genitalia were removed and treated in lactic acid before being photographed. All measurements are reported in millimeters. Leg measurements are shown as: total length (femur, patella, tibia, metatarsus, and tarsus). The following abbreviations are used in the figures: Type specimens were deposited in the National Museum of Kenya (NMK) in Nairobi and the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IZCAS) in Beijing, China.
Etymology. The generic name is taken from the Chinese Pinyin 'gǔhuà' meaning sclerotization, referring to the sclerotized receptacle of females. The gender is feminine.
Diagnosis. The new genus can be diagnosed by the following characters: males can be distinguished by an hourglass-shaped lorum (Fig. 1A), extended lateral plates on the anterodorsal surface of the abdomen, two globular apophyses between the lorum and lateral plates (in contrast to a membranous structure in other genera, except Jocquella leopoldi Baert, 1980); the male bulb has no tegular apophysis on the middle-upper part of the bulb ( Note. It is presumed that this new genus was the first record of a sclerotized receptacle in Telemidae. In Cangoderces lewisi Harington, 1951, the receptacle was also described as having a relatively sclerotized tube (Brignoli 1978). However, that description is considered to be inaccurate, because the endogyne is similar to most telemids' receptacle and has usually been described as membranous rather than sclerotized.  (Fig. 1A). Chelicerae and legs yellow, with dark brown pattern. Six eyes, all well-developed with black rings around them, clypeus 0.08 long. Cheliceral promargin with two large teeth and four tiny granulous denticles, retromargin with four triangular denticles. Labium, endites, and sternum dark brown.  1.20, 0.17, 1.14, 0.90, 0.56). Two trichobothria and one seta on tibia IV (Fig. 8A). Tibial glands distinct and   belt-shaped ( Fig. 8B-C), the arrangement of secretory orifices is wave-shaped within a smooth striped tegument (Fig. 8B). Lorum and lateral abdominal plates distinct (Fig.  1A). Abdomen dark green, with dense hairs (Fig. 1A).
Habitat. Leaf litter in rainforest. Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10). Diagnosis. This new species is similar to A. oculata but females can be distinguished by their globular abdomen with two outgrowths near the carapace (arrowed on Fig. 6A), which are not present in A. oculata. Another difference is that the diameter of the receptacle is four times the diameter of the insemination duct (Fig. 6C) as compared to that of A. oculata, whose receptacle is twice the diameter of the insemination duct. The ocular quadrangle width is half of the carapace width while that of A. oculata is one-third of the carapace width.
Palp: tibia thick, 1.7 times longer than patella; cymbium straight and thick, 1.8 times longer than tibia. Bulb ovoid, with a finger-like tegular apophysis on its middleupper part and several wrinkles basally (arrowed on Fig. 5A-B). The bulb apex extends into a nearly conical embolus (Figs 4B-D, 5A-D), the surface of the embolus is rough with dense spine-like structures (arrowed on Fig. 5D).
Female. Total length 0.98. Carapace 0.42 long, 0.37 wide. Abdomen 0.55 long, 0.46 wide. Eyes encircled by black rings, clypeus 0.04 long. Carapace light brown, sternum dark brown. Abdomen globular with two outgrowths near carapace (arrowed on Fig. 6A). Other coloration and pattern similar to male (Fig. 6A-B). Leg measurements: I 1.83 (0.54, 0.13, 0.50, 0.34, 0.32); II 1.58 (0.48, 0.11, 0.43, 0.28, 0.28); III 1.34 (0.38, 0.11, 0.35, 0.27, 0.23); IV 1. 78 (0.53, 0.11, 0.48, 0.39, 0.27). Insemination duct thin and short, receptacle membranous and baglike with a single tube gradually expanding as a concave sac, and the diameter of receptacle four times larger than that of the insemination duct (Fig. 6C).  Habitat. Leaf litter in cloud forest. Comments. Apneumonella Fage, 1921 was described with A. oculata Fage, 1921 from Tanzania as the type species. The new species shares several characters with A. oculata, including the shape of the receptacle and denticulation of the chelicerae. Furthermore, the shape of tibial glands in this species is different from the plate-shaped structure of the tibial glands in Telema and Usofila, but similar to the lined structure in Apneumonella (Emerit 1985). The collection locality of A. taitatavetaensis sp. n. is approximately 150 km from the type locality of A. oculata.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10).