Status of the new genera in Gistel’s “Die Insecten-Doubletten aus der Sammlung des Herrn Grafen Rudolph von Jenison Walworth” issued in 1834

Abstract All new genus-group names included in Gistel’s list of Coleoptera from the collection of Count Rudolph von Jenison Walwort, published in 1834, are recorded. For each of these names, the originally included available species are listed and for those with at least one available species included, the type species and current status are provided. The following new synonymies are proposed [valid names in brackets]: Auxora [Nebria Latreille, 1806; Carabidae], Necrotroctes [Velleius Leach, 1819; Staphylinidae], Epimachus [Ochthephilum Stephens, 1829; Staphylinidae], Ocys [Anaulacaspis Ganglbauer, 1895; Staphylinidae], Hydatobia [Autalia Samouelle, 1819; Staphylinidae], Hedonius [Pyrophorus Billberg, 1820; Elateridae], Charmionus [Chalcolepidius Eschscholtz, 1829; Elateridae], Lamprias [Alaus Eschscholtz, 1829; Elateridae], Trypheus [Aeolus Eschscholtz, 1829; Elateridae], Antiphus [Cardiorhinus Eschscholtz, 1829; Elateridae], Phyletus [Lygistopterus Dejean, 1833; Lycidae], Phyllogaster [Lucidota Laporte, 1833; Lampyridae], Pyrrhigius [Phosphaenus Laporte, 1833; Lampyridae], Erota [Luciola Laporte, 1833; Lampyridae], Oxypterus [Aspisoma Laporte, 1833; Lampyridae], Phyllophagus [Chauliognathus Hentz, 1830; Cantharidae], Epaphius [Astylus Laporte, 1836; Melyridae], Isomerus [Choleva Latreille, 1797; Leiodidae], Berecyntha [Aulacochilus Chevrolat, 1836; Erotylidae], Geophilus [Psammodius Fallén, 1807; Scarabaeidae], Ceraunus [Golofa Hope, 1837; Scarabaeidae], Atrimedeus [Pentodon Hope, 1837; Scarabaeidae], Eupalus [Temnorhynchus Hope, 1837; Scarabaeidae], Polycarmes [Anoxia Laporte, 1832; Scarabaeidae], Acidota [Amphicoma Latreille, 1807; Glaphyridae], Cecrops [Mylaris Pallas, 1781; Tenebrionidae], Pythonissus [Zophobas Dejean, 1834; Tenebrionidae], Physignathus [Cymatothes Dejean, 1834; Tenebrionidae], Pelops [Prionychus Solier, 1835; Tenebrionidae], Accantosomus [Semiotus Eschscholtz, 1829; Elateridae]. The type species of the following genus-group taxa are proposed: Ocys [Aleochara nigra Gravenhorst, 1802; Staphylinidae], Hydatobia [Staphylinus impressus Olivier, 1795; Staphylinidae], Hedonius [Elater noctilucus Linnaeus, 1758; Elateridae], Charmionus [Elater porcatus Linnaeus, 1767; Elateridae], Epaphius [Dasytes variegatus Germar, 1823; Melyridae], Geophilus [Scarabeus asper Fabricius, 1775; Scarabaeidae], Atrimedeus [Scarabaeus punctatus Villers, 1789; Scarabaeidae], Polycarmes [Melolontha villosa Fabricius, 1781; Scarabaeidae], Cecrops [Tenebrio gigas Linnaeus, 1763; Tenebrionidae], Pythonissus [Helops morio Fabricius, 1777; Tenebrionidae], Ceratades [Cerambyx sutor Linnaeus, 1758; Cerambycidae]. The following genus-group names are declared nomina oblita [nomina protecta in square brackets]: Berecyntha [Aulacochilus Chevrolat, 1836; Erotylidae], Ceraunus [Golofa Hope, 1837; Scarabaeidae], Atrimedeus [Pentodon Hope, 1837; Scarabaeidae], Eupalus [Temnorhynchus Hope, 1837; Scarabaeidae], Pelops [Prionychus Solier, 1835; Tenebrionidae].


Introduction
Gistel , also spelled Gistl, was an enigmatic and controversial man. Evenhuis (2016) provided valuable biographical information on this personage who sometimes used pseudonyms (i.e., G. Tilesius and Garduus). He was described as vainglorious, sensationalistic, and sometimes superficial and inaccurate (Strand 1919: 125) and accused of being a cheater and a liar. He often changed specific names, sometimes just to be able to dedicate them to his friends (Mannerheim 1838: 207). He also proposed many new generic names, often in groups out of his area of expertise, most without descriptions. Although they were largely ignored by Gistel's contemporaries, some of these genus-group names turned out to be nomenclaturally available when he listed at least one available species names within them (ICZN 1999: Article 12.2.5).
One of Gistel's publications with several new generic names proposed without description was issued in 1834 under the title "Die Insecten-Doubletten aus der Sammlung des Herrn Grafen Rudolph von Jenison Walworth." The 36-page booklet is a list of duplicate beetles in the collection of Count Rudolph von Jenison Walworth  of Regensburg offered for purchase or exchange (Gistel 1834b). Several of the names included in this work have been assessed nomenclaturally in recent years but others have not. To add to the confusion, the status of some genus-groups names has been incorrectly interpreted. The objective of this paper is to summarize the nomenclatural status of all new genus-group names proposed in this work.

Presentation
The presentation of the information relevant to the new genus-group names is similar to that used for the names in Dejean's catalogue (Bousquet and Bouchard 2013). Under each new genus, the following information is provided: a list of originally included available species, the type species of the genus, and its current status. Genus-and species-group names are given in the order they appear in Gistel's work.
The earliest known date of publication for the publication of Gistel's booklet is 23 September 1834 (Kielmeyer and Jäger 1835: 101). All available species-group taxa published before that date and included in Gistel's booklet are considered to be originally included in the new genus-group names. In addition, all genus-group names issued before that date take precedence over Gistel's names.

Note on some generic names in Gistel (1834b)
One genus mentioned in Gistel's work is Necrobius (Gistel 1834b: 14), a junior objective synonym of Necrophilus Latreille, 1829 [Agyrtidae: Necrophilinae]. This genus was however first made available by Gistel (1834a: 147) in the third Heft (pp. 129-190) of the first volume of his journal "Faunus. Zeitschrift für Zoologie und vergleichende Anatomie." This Heft was issued before 16 August 1834 as it was recorded in Die Bayer'sche Landbötin No 98 (p. 802) on this date. Necrobius is therefore excluded from the list below.
In Gistel's booklet, the generic names Cychramus (p. 15) and Heliophilus (p. 21) are credited to himself. It is quite obvious that Gistel made lapses regarding authorship of these names since they were established for the same species by Kugelann (1794) and Dejean (1821) respectively and used subsequently by several authors prior to Gistel (1834b). These names are therefore also excluded from the list below.
The genus-group name Hammionus was first used as valid by Dahl (1823: 22) but this work was suppressed by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature in Opinion 710 (ICZN 1964). It was subsequently listed by Latreille (1829: 456) as a synonym of Campylus Fischer von Waldheim, 1821 and by Gistel (1834b: 11) as a valid name. Following Article 11.6 (ICZN 1999), the name must be attributed to Latreille (1829). The species first directly associated with the name are those mentioned in Gistel (1834b: 11). The type species is Elater bructeri Panzer, 1795 (= Elater aeneoniger DeGeer, 1774) by subsequent designation (Ruiz 1996: 109