ANNiKEY Linear – diagnoses, descriptions, and a single-access identification key to Annelida family-level taxa

Christopher J. Glasby; Olga Biriukova; Patrick Martin; Geoffrey R. Dyne; Serge Utevsky; Robin S. Wilson

doi:10.3897/zookeys.1247.137606

Related articles by

Research Article

ZooKeys 1247: 217-403
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1247.137606 (31 Jul 2025)

Other versions:

(Verbatim name)

(Catalog Number)

DES

Invalid DOI was provided, please try again

Article title
Abstract
Key words
Introduction
Methods
- Taxonomic software, concepts, and outputs
- Taxa
- Morphological characters and other traits
- Morphological conventions, standards, and terminology
Results
- Key to Annelida family-level taxa of the World
- Taxonomic accounts
  - Aberrantidae Wolf, 1987 [polychaete]
  - Acanthobdellidae Grube, 1851 [leech]
  - Acanthodrilidae Claus, 1880 [megadrile; includes alternative representations ‘Benhamiidae’, ‘Exxidae’ and ‘Octochaetidae’]
  - Acoetidae Kinberg, 1856 [polychaete]
  - Acrocirridae Banse, 1969 [polychaete]
  - Aeolosomatidae Levinsen, 1884 [microdrile]
  - Alluroididae Michaelsen, 1900 [microdrile]
  - Almidae Duboscq, 1902 [megadrile]
  - Alvinellidae Desbruyères & Laubier, 1986 [polychaete]
  - Americobdellidae Caballero, 1956 [leech]
  - Ampharetidae Malmgren, 1866 [polychaete]
  - Amphinomidae Lamarck, 1818 [polychaete]
  - Aphroditidae Malmgren, 1867 [polychaete]
  - Apistobranchidae Mesnil & Caullery, 1898 [polychaete]
  - Arenicolidae Johnston, 1835 [polychaete]
  - Biwadrilidae Jamieson, 1971 [megadrile]
  - Branchiobdellidae Grube, 1850 [leech]
  - Capilloventridae Harman & Loden, 1984 [microdrile]
  - Capitellidae Grube, 1862 [polychaete]
  - Chaetopteridae Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 [polychaete]
  - Chrysopetalidae Ehlers, 1864, sensu lato [polychaete]
  - Chrysopetalidae, Calamyzinae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971 [polychaete]
  - Chrysopetalidae, Chrysopetalinae Ehlers, 1864 [polychaete]
  - Chrysopetalidae, Dysponetinae Aguado, Nygren & Rouse, 2013 [polychaete]
  - Cirratulidae Ryckholt, 1851 [polychaete]
  - Cossuridae Day, 1963 [polychaete]
  - Criodrilidae Vejdovskì, 1884 [megadrile]
  - Ctenodrilidae Kennel, 1882 [polychaete]
  - Cyclobdellidae Ringuelet, 1972b [leech]
  - Cylicobdellidae Ringuelet, 1972a [leech]
  - Dinophilidae Macalister, 1876 [polychaete]
  - Diurodrilidae Kristensen & Niilonen, 1982 [polychaete]
  - Dorvilleidae Chamberlin, 1919 [polychaete]
  - Dorydrilidae Cook, 1968 [microdrile]
  - Enchytraeidae d’Udekum, 1855 [microdrile]
  - Erpobdellidae Blanchard, 1894 [leech]
  - Eudrilidae Claus, 1880 [megadrile]
  - Eulepethidae Chamberlin, 1919 [polychaete]
  - Eunicidae Berthold, 1827 [polychaete]
  - Euphrosinidae Williams, 1852 [polychaete]
  - Fabriciidae Rioja, 1923 [polychaete]
  - Fauveliopsidae Hartman, 1971 [polychaete]
  - Flabelligeridae de Saint-Joseph, 1894 [polychaete]
  - Gastrostomobdellidae Richardson, 1971 [leech]
  - Glossiphoniidae (Vaillant, 1890. Revised) [leech]
  - Glossoscolecidae Michaelsen, 1900 [megadrile]
  - Glyceridae Grube, 1850 [polychaete]
  - Goniadidae Kinberg, 1866 [polychaete]
  - Haemadipsidae Blanchard, 1893 [leech]
  - Haplotaxidae Michaelsen, 1900, sensu stricto [microdrile]
  - Hartmaniellidae Imajima, 1977 [polychaete]
  - Hesionidae Grube, 1850 [polychaete]
  - Hirudinidae Whitman, 1886 [leech]
  - Histriobdellidae Claus & Moquin-Tandon, 1884 [polychaete]
  - Hormogastridae Michaelsen, 1900 [megadrile]
  - Hrabeiellidae Christoffersen, 2012 [microdrile]
  - Iospilidae Bergström, 1914 [polychaete]
  - Iphionidae Kinberg, 1856 [polychaete]
  - Kynotidae Jamieson, 1971 [megadrile]
  - Lacydoniidae Bergström, 1914 [polychaete]
  - Lobatocerebridae Rieger, 1980 [annelid, possibly a polychaete]
  - Longosomatidae Hartman, 1944 [polychaete]
  - Lopadorrhynchidae Claparède, 1870 [polychaete]
  - Lumbricidae Rafinesque-Schmaltz, 1815 [megadrile]
  - Lumbriculidae Claus, 1872 [microdrile]
  - Lumbrineridae Schmarda, 1861 [polychaete]
  - Lutodrilidae McMahan, 1976 [megadrile]
  - Magelonidae Cunningham & Ramage, 1888 [polychaete]
  - Maldanidae Malmgren, 1867 [polychaete]
  - Megascolecidae Rosa, 1891 [megadrile]
  - Melinnidae Chamberlin, 1919 [polychaete]
  - Microchaetidae Beddard, 1895 emend. Plisko, 2012 [megadrile]
  - Microphthalmidae Hartmann-Schröder, 1971, emended Salazar-Vallejo et al. 2019 [polychaete]
  - Moniligastridae Claus, 1880 [megadrile]
  - Myzostomida von Graff, 1877 [polychaete]
  - Naididae Ehrenberg, 1831 [microdrile]
  - Naididae, Naidinae Ehrenberg, 1831 [microdrile; alternative representation “Naididae”]
  - Naididae, Opistocystinae Černosvitov, 1936 [microdrile; alternative representation “Opistocystidae”]
  - Naididae, Pristininae Lastočkin, 1921 [microdrile]
  - Naididae, Tubificinae d’Udekem, 1855 [microdrile; alternative representation “Tubificidae”]
  - Narapidae Righi & Varela, 1983 [microdrile]
  - Nephtyidae Grube, 1850 [polychaete]
  - Nereididae Blainville, 1818 [polychaete]
  - Nerillidae Levinsen, 1883 [polychaete]
  - Ocnerodrilidae Beddard, 1891 [megadrile]
  - Oenonidae Kinberg, 1865 [polychaete]
  - Onuphidae Kinberg, 1865 [polychaete]
  - Opheliidae Malmgren, 1867 [polychaete]
  - Orbiniidae Hartman, 1942 [polychaete]
  - Orobdellidae Nakano, Zainudin & Hikida, 2012 [leech]
  - Oweniidae Rioja, 1917 [polychaete]
  - Ozobranchidae (Pinto, 1921) [leech]
  - Paralacydoniidae Pettibone, 1963 [polychaete]
  - Paraonidae Cerruti, 1909 [polychaete]
  - Parergodrilidae Reisinger, 1925 [polychaete]
  - Parvidrilidae Erséus, 1999 [microdrile]
  - Pectinariidae Quatrefages, 1866 [polychaete]
  - Phreodrilidae Beddard, 1891 [microdrile]
  - Phyllodocidae Örsted, 1843 sensu lato, excluding Alciopini [polychaete]
  - Phyllodocidae, Eteoninae, Alciopini Ehlers, 1864 [polychaete]
  - Pilargidae Saint-Joseph, 1899 [polychaete]
  - Piscicolidae (Johnston, 1865) [leech]
  - Poecilochaetidae Hannerz, 1956 [polychaete]
  - Polygordiidae Czerniavsky, 1881 [polychaete]
  - Polynoidae Kinberg, 1856 [polychaete]
  - Pontodoridae Bergström, 1914 [polychaete]
  - Praobdellidae Sawyer, 1986 [leech]
  - Propappidae Coates, 1986 [microdrile]
  - Protodrilidae Hatschek, 1888 [polychaete]
  - Protodriloididae Purschke & Jouin, 1988 [polychaete]
  - Psammodrilidae Swedmark, 1952 [polychaete]
  - Randiellidae Erséus & Strehlow, 1986 [microdrile]
  - Rhinodrilidae Benham, 1890 [megadrile]
  - Sabellariidae Johnston, 1865 [polychaete]
  - Sabellidae Latreille, 1825 [polychaete]
  - Saccocirridae Czerniavsky, 1881 [polychaete]
  - Salifidae Johansson, 1910 [leech]
  - Scalibregmatidae, Scalibregmatinae Malmgren, 1867 [polychaete]
  - Scalibregmatidae, Travisia Johnston, 1840 [polychaete]
  - Semiscolecidae Scriban & Autrum, 1934 [leech]
  - Serpulidae Rafinesque, 1815 [polychaete]
  - Siboglinidae Caullery, 1914 [polychaete]
  - Siboglinidae, Frenulata Webb, 1969 [polychaete]
  - Siboglinidae, Osedax Rouse, Goffredi & Vrijenhoek, 2004 [polychaete]
  - Siboglinidae, Sclerolinum Southward, 1961 [polychaete]
  - Siboglinidae, Vestimentifera Webb, 1969 [polychaete]
  - Sigalionidae Kinberg, 1856 [polychaete]
  - Sigalionidae, Pelogeniinae Chamberlin, 1919 [polychaete]
  - Sigalionidae, Pholoinae Kinberg, 1858 [polychaete]
  - Sigalionidae, Pisioninae Ehlers, 1901 [polychaete]
  - Sigalionidae, Sigalioninae Kinberg, 1856 [polychaete]
  - Sigalionidae, Sthenelanellinae Gonzalez, Martínez, Borda, Iliffe, Eibye-Jacobsen & Worsaae, 2018 [polychaete]
  - Sipuncula Stephen, 1965 [sipunculan]
  - Sipuncula, Antillesomatidae Kawauchi, Sharma & Giribet, 2012 [sipunculan]
  - Sipuncula, Aspidosiphonidae Quatrefages, 1865 [sipunculan]
  - Sipuncula, Golfingiidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972 [sipunculan]
  - Sipuncula, Phascolosomatidae Stephen & Edmonds, 1972 [sipunculan]
  - Sipuncula, Siphonosomatidae Kuwauchi et al., 2012 [sipunculan]
  - Sipuncula, Sipunculidae Rafinesque, 1814 [sipunculan]
  - Sparganophilidae Michaelsen, 1921 [megadrile]
  - Sphaerodoridae Malmgren, 1867 [polychaete]
  - Spintheridae Augener, 1913 [polychaete]
  - Spionidae Grube, 1850, sensu stricto [polychaete]
  - Sternaspidae Carus, 1863 [polychaete]
  - Syllidae Grube, 1850 [polychaete]
  - Syngenodrilidae Smith & Green, 1919 [microdrile]
  - Terebellidae Johnston, 1846 sensu lato [polychaete]
  - Terebellidae, Terebellinae, Polycirrini Malmgren, 1866 [polychaete]
  - Terebellidae, Terebellinae Johnston, 1846 (excluding Polycirrini) [polychaete]
  - Terebellidae, Thelepodinae Hessle, 1917 [polychaete]
  - Thalassematidae Forbes & Goodsir, 1841 [echiuran]
  - Thalassematidae, Bonelliinae Lacaze-Duthiers, 1858 [echiuran; alternative representation ‘Bonelliidae’]
  - Thalassematidae, Echiurinae Quatrefages, 1847 [echiuran; alternative representation ‘Echiuridae’]
  - Thalassematidae, Ikedinae Bock, 1942 [echiuran; alternative representation ‘Ikedidae’]
  - Thalassematidae,Thalassematinae Forbes & Goodsir, 1841 [echiuran; alternative representation ‘Thalassematidae’]
  - Thalassematidae, Urechinae Monro, 1927 [echiuran; alternative representation ‘Urechidae’]
  - Tiguassidae Brinkhurst, 1988 [microdrile]
  - Tomopteridae Grube, 1850 [polychaete]
  - Trichobranchidae Malmgren, 1866 [polychaete]
  - Tritogeniidae Plisko, 2013 [megadrile]
  - Trochochaetidae Pettibone, 1963 [polychaete]
  - Tumakidae Righi, 1995 [megadrile]
  - Typhloscolecidae Uljanin, 1878 [polychaete]
  - Uncispionidae Green, 1982 [polychaete]
  - Xerobdellidae Moore, 1946 [leech]
  - Yndolaciidae Støp-Bowitz, 1987 [polychaete]
Acknowledgements
Additional information
- Conflict of interest
- Ethical statement
- Funding
- Author contributions
- Author ORCIDs
- Data availability
References
Supplementary materials

Subscribe to email alerts for current Article's categories