A faunal inventory of methane seeps on the Pacific margin of Costa Rica

Charlotte A. Seid; Avery S. Hiley; Marina F. McCowin; José I. Carvajal; Harim Cha; Shane T. Ahyong; Oliver S. Ashford; Odalisca Breedy; Douglas J. Eernisse; Shana K. Goffredi; Michel E. Hendrickx; Kevin M. Kocot; Christopher L. Mah; Allison K. Miller; Nicolás Mongiardino Koch; Rich Mooi; Timothy D. O'Hara; Fredrik Pleijel; Josefin Stiller; Ekin Tilic; Paul Valentich-Scott; Anders Warén; Mary K. Wicksten; Nerida G. Wilson; Erik E. Cordes; Lisa A. Levin; Jorge Cortés; Greg W. Rouse

doi:10.3897/zookeys.1222.134385

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ZooKeys 1222: 1-250
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1222.134385 (03 Jan 2025)

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Article title
Abstract
Key words
Introduction
Materials and methods
- Sampling locations
- Specimen collection and vouchering
- Taxonomic scope
- Specimen identification
- DNA extraction and sequencing
- Haplotype networks
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
- Permits
- Taxonomic listing
- Annelida
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Protodriliformia
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Aphroditiformia | Polynoidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Aphroditiformia | Syllidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Nephtyiformia | Nephtyidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Nephtyiformia | Pilargidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Hesionoidea | Chrysopetalidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Hesionoidea | Hesionidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Nereididae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Glyceriformia | Sphaerodoridae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Phyllodociformia
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Phyllodociformia | Phyllodocidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Phyllodocida | Phyllodociformia
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Eunicida | Oenonoidea
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Eunicida | Eunicoidea | Eunicidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Eunicida | Eunicoidea | Onuphidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata | Eunicida | Dorvilleidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata incertae sedis | Myzostomida
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Errantia | Aciculata incertae sedis | Nerillidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Sabellida | Sabellidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Sabellida | Serpulidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Spionida | Spionidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Capitellida | Opheliidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Capitellida | Capitelliformia | Thalassematidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Capitellida | Capitelliformia | Capitellidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Terebellida | Scalibregmatidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Terebellida | Maldanomorpha | Maldanidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Terebellida | Terebelliformia | Ampharetidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Terebellida | Terebelliformia | Trichobranchidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Terebellida | Terebelliformia | Terebellidae | Polycirrini
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Terebellida | Terebelliformia | Terebellidae | Procleini
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Terebellida | Terebelliformia | Terebellidae | Terebellini
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Terebellida | Terebelliformia | Melinnidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Cirratulida | Cirratulidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Cirratulida | Acrocirridae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Cirratulida | Flabelligeridae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Sternaspida | Paraonidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Sternaspida | Sternaspidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Canalipalpata | Siboglinidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria | Orbiniida | Orbiniidae
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sedentaria incertae sedis
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Amphinomida
  - Annelida | Polychaeta | Sipuncula
  - Annelida | Chaetopteriformia | Chaetopteridae
- Nemertea
  - Nemertea | Palaeonemertea | Tubulanidae
  - Nemertea | Pilidiophora | Heteronemertea | Lineidae
  - Nemertea | Hoplonemertea | Monostilifera | Amphiporina
  - Nemertea | Hoplonemertea | Monostilifera | Eumonostilifera
  - Nemertea | Hoplonemertea | Monostilifera | Oerstediina
- Brachiopoda
- Mollusca
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Protobranchia | Nuculida | Nuculidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Protobranchia | Solemyida | Solemyidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Protobranchia | Nuculanida | Nuculanidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Protobranchia | Nuculanida | Bathyspinulidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Protobranchia | Nuculanida | Yoldiidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Pteriomorphia | Mytilida | Mytilidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Pteriomorphia | Pectinida | Pectinidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Heterodonta | Lucinida | Thyasiridae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Heterodonta | Galeommatida | Galeommatidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Heterodonta | Venerida | Vesicomyidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Heterodonta | Myida | Pholadoidea | Xylophagaidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Heterodonta | Myida | Pholadoidea | Teredinidae
  - Mollusca | Bivalvia | Heterodonta | Anomalodesmata | Cuspidariidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Patellogastropoda | Lottioidea | Lepetidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Patellogastropoda | Lottioidea | Neolepetopsidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Patellogastropoda | Lottioidea | Pectinodontidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Caenogastropoda | Littorinimorpha | Eulimidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Caenogastropoda | Littorinimorpha | Rissoidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Caenogastropoda | Littorinimorpha | Vitrinellidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Caenogastropoda | Neogastropoda | Buccinidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Caenogastropoda | Neogastropoda | Cancellariidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Caenogastropoda | Neogastropoda | Raphitomidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Caenogastropoda | Abyssochrysoidea | Abyssochrysidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Caenogastropoda | Abyssochrysoidea | Provannidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Heterobranchia | Euthyneura | Ringipleura | Nudibranchia | Cladobranchia
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Heterobranchia | Euthyneura | Ringipleura | Nudibranchia | Doridina
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Heterobranchia | Euthyneura | Tectipleura | Pyramidellidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Heterobranchia | Mesoneura | Tjaernoeioidea | Aplustridae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Heterobranchia | “Lower Heterobranchia” | Architectonicoidea | Architectonicidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Heterobranchia | “Lower Heterobranchia” | Orbitestelloidea | Orbitestellidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Heterobranchia | “Lower Heterobranchia” | Valvatoidea | Hyalogyrinidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Lepetellida | Lepetelloidea | Caymanabyssiidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Lepetellida | Lepetelloidea | Pyropeltidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Lepetellida | Lepetodriloidea | Lepetodrilidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Lepetellida | Scissurelloidea | Anatomidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Lepetellida | Scissurelloidea | Larocheidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Seguenziida | Seguenzioidea | Cataegidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Seguenziida
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Trochida | Trochoidea | Colloniidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Vetigastropoda | Trochida | Trochoidea | Skeneidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Neomphaliones
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Neomphaliones | Cocculinida | Bathysciadiidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Neomphaliones | Cocculinida | Cocculinidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Neomphaliones | Neomphalida | Melanodrymiidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Neomphaliones | Neomphalida | Neomphalidae
  - Mollusca | Gastropoda | Neomphaliones | Neomphalida | Peltospiridae
  - Mollusca | Scaphopoda
  - Mollusca | Cephalopoda
  - Mollusca | Cephalopoda | Octopoda
  - Mollusca | Cephalopoda | Oegopsida
  - Mollusca | Caudofoveata
  - Mollusca | Solenogastres
  - Mollusca | Solenogastres | Neomeniamorpha | Neomeniidae
  - Mollusca | Solenogastres | Pholidoskepia | Gymnomeniidae
  - Mollusca | Solenogastres | Pholidoskepia
  - Mollusca | Solenogastres | Amphimeniidae
  - Mollusca | Solenogastres | Proneomeniidae
  - Mollusca | Solenogastres | Pruvotinidae
  - Mollusca | Polyplacophora | Chitonida | Ischnochitonidae
  - Mollusca | Polyplacophora | Lepidopleurida | Leptochitonidae
  - Bryozoa
  - Entoprocta
  - Platyhelminthes
  - Chaetognatha
  - Nematoda
  - Arthropoda
  - Arthropoda | Chelicerata | Pycnogonida
  - Arthropoda | Chelicerata | Pycnogonida | Colossendeidae
  - Arthropoda | Chelicerata | Pycnogonida | Ammotheidae
  - Arthropoda | Chelicerata | Pycnogonida | Phoxichilidiidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Copepoda
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Copepoda | Cyclopoida
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Copepoda | Harpacticoida
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Copepoda | Siphonostomatoida
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Thecostraca | Cirripedia
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Thecostraca | Cirripedia | Rhizocephala
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Thecostraca | Cirripedia | Thoracica | Scalpellomorpha
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Thecostraca | Cirripedia | Thoracica | Verrucomorpha
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Thecostraca | Cirripedia | Thoracica | Balanomorpha
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Hoplocarida | Stomatopoda | Squillidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Lophogastrida
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Amphipoda
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Hyperiidea
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Amphilochida | Amphilochidira | Amphilochoidea | Pleustidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Amphilochida | Amphilochidira | Amphilochoidea | Sebidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Amphilochida | Amphilochidira | Amphilochoidea | Stenothoidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Amphilochida | Eusirida | Eusiroidea | Eusiridae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Amphilochida | Eusirida | Liljeborgioidea | Liljeborgiidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Amphilochida | Oedicerotidira | Oedicerotoidea | Oedicerotidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Lysianassida | Haustoriidira | Haustorioidea | Phoxocephalidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Lysianassida | Lysianassidira | Aristioidea | Ambasiidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Lysianassida | Lysianassidira | Lysianassoidea | Tryphosidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Lysianassida | Lysianassidira | Lysianassoidea incertae sedis
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Lysianassida | Lysianassidira | Stegocephaloidea | Stegocephalidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Lysianassida | Synopiidira | Dexaminoidea | Lepechinellidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Lysianassida | Synopiidira | Dexaminoidea | Pardaliscidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Amphilochidea | Lysianassida | Synopiidira | Synopioidea | Argissidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Senticaudata | Corophiida | Caprellidira | Photoidea | Ischyroceridae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Senticaudata | Corophiida | Caprellidira | Photoidea | Photidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Senticaudata | Corophiida | Corophiidira | Aoroidea | Aoridae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Senticaudata | Corophiida | Corophiidira | Corophioidea | Corophiidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Senticaudata | Hadziida | Hadziidira | Calliopioidea | Calliopiidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Amphipoda | Senticaudata | Hadziida | Hadziidira | Hadzioidea | Melitidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Tanaidacea | Apseudomorpha | Apseudoidea | Apseudidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Tanaidacea | Tanaidomorpha | Paratanaoidea | Agathotanaidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Tanaidacea | Tanaidomorpha | Paratanaoidea | Anarthruridae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Isopoda | Asellota | Janiroidea | Desmosomatidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Isopoda | Asellota | Janiroidea | Janiridae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Isopoda | Asellota | Janiroidea | Munnidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Isopoda | Asellota | Janiroidea | Munnopsidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Isopoda | Asellota | Stenetrioidea | Stenetriidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Isopoda | Cymothoida | Cymothooidea | Gnathiidae
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Peracarida | Cumacea
  - Arthropoda | Crustacea | Malacostraca | Eucarida | Decapoda
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Stenopodidea | Spongicolidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Caridea | Alpheoidea | Thoridae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Caridea | Bresilioidea | Alvinocarididae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Caridea | Crangonoidea | Crangonidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Caridea | Nematocarcinoidea | Nematocarcinidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Caridea | Pandaloidea | Pandalidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Anomura | Chirostyloidea | Chirostylidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Anomura | Chirostyloidea | Kiwaidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Anomura | Galatheoidea | Munididae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Anomura | Galatheoidea | Munidopsidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Anomura | Lithodoidea | Lithodidae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Anomura | Paguroidea | Parapaguridae
  - Arthropoda | … | Decapoda | Pleocyemata | Polychelida | Polychelidae
  - Chordata Chordata | Tunicata | Thaliacea | Pyrosomatida
  - Chordata | Vertebrata | Actinopterygii | Lophiiformes | Ogcocephalidae
  - Chordata | Vertebrata | Actinopterygii | Perciformes | Zoarcidae
  - Chordata | Vertebrata | Actinopterygii | Scorpaeniformes | Liparidae
  - Echinodermata
  - Echinodermata | Asteroidea
  - Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Brisingida | Freyellidae
  - Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Forcipulatida | Pedicellasteridae
  - Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Velatida | Xyloplacidae
  - Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Paxillosida | Astropectinidae
  - Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Valvatida | Goniasteridae
  - Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Valvatida | Solasteridae
  - Echinodermata | Asteroidea | Valvatida | Caymanostellidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Euryophiurida | Euryalida | Euryalidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Euryophiurida | Euryalida | Gorgonocephalidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Euryophiurida | Ophiurida | Ophiomusina | Ophiomusaidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Euryophiurida | Ophiurida | Ophiomusina | Ophiosphalmidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Euryophiurida | Ophiurida | Ophiurina | Ophiopyrgidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Ophintegrida | Ophioscolecida | Ophioscolecidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Ophintegrida | Ophiacanthida | Ophiacanthina | Ophiacanthidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Ophintegrida | Ophiacanthida | Ophiacanthina | Ophiotomidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Ophintegrida | Ophioleucida | Ophioleucidae
  - Echinodermata | Ophiuroidea | Ophintegrida | Amphilepidida | Gnathophiurina | Amphiuridae
  - Echinodermata | Echinoidea | Echinothurioida | Echinothuriidae
  - Echinodermata | Echinoidea | Pedinoida | Pedinidae
  - Echinodermata | Holothuroidea
  - Echinodermata | Holothuroidea | Dendrochirotida | Ypsilothuriidae
  - Echinodermata | Holothuroidea | Synallactida | Deimatidae
  - Echinodermata | Holothuroidea | Synallactida | Synallactidae
  - Echinodermata | Holothuroidea | Elasipodida | Elpidiidae
  - Echinodermata | Holothuroidea | Elasipodida | Laetmogonidae
  - Echinodermata | Holothuroidea | Elasipodida | Pelagothuriidae
  - Echinodermata | Holothuroidea | Elasipodida | Psychropotidae
  - Echinodermata | Crinoidea
  - Echinodermata | Crinoidea | Comatulida | Antedonoidea | Antedonidae
  - Echinodermata | Crinoidea | Comatulida | Antedonoidea | Zenometridae
  - Echinodermata | Crinoidea | Comatulida | Tropiometroidea | Thalassometridae
  - Echinodermata | Crinoidea | Hyocrinida | Hyocrinidae
- Hemichordata
- Xenacoelomorpha
- Cnidaria
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Hexacorallia | Actiniaria | Actinioidea | Liponematidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Hexacorallia | Actiniaria | Metridioidea | Hormathiidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Hexacorallia | Actiniaria | Metridioidea | Kadosactinidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Hexacorallia | Actiniaria | Metridioidea
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Hexacorallia | Actiniaria
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Hexacorallia | Antipatharia | Schizopathidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Hexacorallia | Scleractinia | Flabellidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Hexacorallia | Scleractinia | Astrangiidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Malacalcyonacea | Aquaumbridae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Malacalcyonacea | Clavulariidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Malacalcyonacea | Isididae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Malacalcyonacea | Paramuriceidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Malacalcyonacea | Plexauridae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Malacalcyonacea | Victorgorgiidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Scleralcyonacea | Chrysogorgiidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Scleralcyonacea | Coralliidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Scleralcyonacea | Primnoidae
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia | Scleralcyonacea | Pennatuloidea
  - Cnidaria | Anthozoa | Octocorallia
  - Cnidaria | Hydrozoa | Anthoathecata
  - Cnidaria | Hydrozoa | Anthoathecata | Aplanulata | Candelabridae
  - Cnidaria | Hydrozoa | Anthoathecata | Aplanulata | Corymorphidae
  - Cnidaria | Hydrozoa | Leptothecata
  - Cnidaria | Scyphozoa | Coronamedusae | Coronatae | Nausithoidae
  - Cnidaria | Scyphozoa | Discomedusae | Semaeostomeae
  - Porifera
  - Porifera | Demospongiae | Poecilosclerida | Cladorhizidae
  - Porifera | Hexactinellida | Lyssacinosida | Euplectellidae
  - Porifera | Hexactinellida | Sceptrulophora | Farreidae
- Chromista
  - Chromista | Foraminifera | Monothalamea | Xenophyophoroidea
  - Chromista | Foraminifera
- Ciliophora
Results
- Taxonomic identification
- New records
- Biogeographic ranges
- Occurrences at other chemosynthesis-based habitats
Discussion
- Biodiversity at the CRM seeps
- Comparison to checklists for Costa Rica
- Comparison to global seep checklists
- Comparison to seep-adjacent background habitats
- Comparison to other seep, vent, and organic fall sites
- Depth ranges at the CRM seeps
- Range extensions reinforce eastern Pacific biogeographic connections
  - Mexico and Gulf of California
  - Galápagos and Coco Submarine Volcanic Range
  - Peru-Chile margin
  - Trans-Pacific and broader ranges
- Other biogeographic connections
- Intersection of seeps, vents, and organic remains
- Overlap of species occurrences
- Modes of symbiosis
- Areas for further work
  - Geochemistry
  - Depth
  - Pelagic linkages
Conclusions
- Importance of regional taxonomic inventories
- Recommendations
Acknowledgements
Additional information
- Conflict of interest
- Ethical statement
- Funding
- Author contributions
- Author ORCIDs
- Data availability
References
Supplementary material

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