Hymenoptera fauna associated with C. pampeanus galls. A transversally sectioned, externally developing gall, showing inside a larva of C. pampeanus (asterisk) with attached larva (arrow) of Lyrcus sp. (Pteromalidae) B transversally sectioned, dried gall, with pupa of Lyrcus (arrow), after consumption of C. pampeanus larva C dried and empty attached galls showing orifices of emergence left by adults of Lyrcus D young, erupting, free of inquiline and adjacent inquiline attacked (Allorhogas sp., Braconidae) galls, indicated respectively by open arrow and asterisk E young galls of C. pampeanus (arrows) partially involved with gall tissue induced by inquilines F variation in size among Allorhogas galls early attacked G a full-developed inquiline-attacked gall showing larvae and pupae in cameras inside H senescent Allorhogas gall showing orifices of emergence (arrows) left by adults. Scale bars: 1 mm (A, B, D, F); 5 mm (C); 0.5 mm (E, G, H).