Morphological variation of cerci. A Amorphoscelissp. ♂ in ventral view B Heterochaeta bernadii ♂ in dorsal view C Metallyticus splendidus ♀ in dorsal view D Toxodera maculata ♀ left cercus in dorsal view E Ciulfinasp. ♂ right cercus in lateral view F Acanthopssp. ♀ left cercus in dorsal view. Arrow indicates apical notch in distal cercomere. A–D reproduced and adapted from Wieland (2013). Abbreviations: ce = cercus; CEa = distal cercomere; CS7 = coxosternite 7 (= female subgenital plate); CS9 = coxosternite 9 (= male subgenital plate); gpal8 = apical lobe of gonapophysis 8; TG10 = tergite 10 (= supraanal plate). Not to scale.