New Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) records for Quebec, Canada

Abstract The following species of Curculionoidea are newly recorded from the Canadian province of Quebec: Coelocephalapion emaciipes (Fall, 1898); Ischnopterapion virens (Herbst, 1797); Omphalapion hookerorum (Kirby, 1808); Perapion punctinasum (J.B. Smith, 1884) (all Brentidae); Anthonomus robustulus LeConte, 1876; Pseudanthonomus helvolus (Boheman, 1843); Bagous magister LeConte, 1876; Bagous tanneri O’Brien, 1979; Buchananius striatus (LeConte, 1876); Ceutorhynchus bolteri Dietz, 1896; Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham, 1802); Ceutorhynchus pauxillus Dietz, 1896; Conotrachelus buchanani Schoof, 1942; Conotrachelus pusillus LeConte, 1878; Conotrachelus recessus (Casey, 1910); Curculio rubidus (Gyllenhal, 1835); Cylindrocopturus longulus (LeConte, 1876); Hadroplontus litura (Fabricius, 1775); Hypera rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758); Lixus terminalis LeConte, 1876; Myosides seriehispidus Roelofs, 1873; Phloeotribus dentifrons (Blackman, 1921); Plocamus echidna (LeConte, 1876); Scolytus muticus Say, 1824; Sirocalodes sericans (LeConte, 1876); Smicronyx sculpticollis Casey, 1892 (all Curculionidae). Among these, Buchananius striatus, Conotrachelus buchanani, Conotrachelus pusillus, and Curculio rubidus (all Curculionidae) are also recorded from Canada for the first time. The latter is also newly reported from Ontario. Collecting data are provided for Lixus punctinasus LeConte, 1876, previously reported to occur in Canada without any further information, and for Choragus sayi LeConte, 1876 (Anthribidae) and Rhyssomatus aequalis Horn, 1873 (Curculionidae), both previously recorded from Quebec, also without further details.


Introduction
recently reported five Brentidae and 29 Curculionidae species new to Quebec (of which 3 and 11 were new to Canada, respectively), increasing the total number of species of each family known to occur in the province to 22 and 386, respectively . Recent collection efforts, mainly by amateur entomologists, have since yielded new findings. The new records and new documented record (Lixus punctinasus LeConte, 1876) reported herein (4 Brentidae and 23 Curculionidae), listed according to the classification of Bouchard et al. (2011), bring these totals to 26 and 409, respectively. Additions to the province's weevil fauna will undoubtedly be recorded in the years to come not only due to increased collection efforts, but as more species continue to expand their range northwardly under present global warming conditions or are being introduced from other countries. Among the species newly reported here, Ischnopterapion virens (Herbst, 1797), Omphalapion hookerorum (Kirby, 1808), Ceutorhynchus pallidactylus (Marsham, 1802), Note. This native species is easily separated from all other Apioninae known to occur in Quebec by the conspicuous elongate postscutellar spot of white vestiture and spot of dense white scales at the base of elytral interstriae 2 and 3. Nothing is known of its habits or life history, except that adults were collected in August on dock, Rumex L. spp., including golden dock, Rumex persicarioides L. (Polygonaceae) (Bright 1993). Ontario was until now considered as the eastward limit of its range in Canada . A photograph of one of the specimens reported herein is posted on bugguide. net (http://bugguide.net/node/view/1077586/bgpage).

Omphalapion hookerorum (Kirby, 1808), new to Quebec
Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 Note. This Palaearctic adventive species was recorded for the first time in North America in 1993 based on specimens collected in Nova Scotia in 1990 (Peschken 1993and Sampson and MacSween 1993, in Majka et al. 2007b). In Canada, it was subsequently released and is established as a biological control agent against scentless chamomile, Tripleurospermum inodorum (L.) Sch.Bip. (= Matricaria perforata Mérat) (Asteraceae) in British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba (McClay and De Clerck-Floate 1999). It was also collected on stinking chamomile, Anthemis cotula L. (Asteraceae), in Nova Scotia (Majka et al. 2007b).

Ischnopterapion virens (Herbst, 1797), new to Quebec
Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 Note. Widely distributed through most of the Palaearctic region (Alonso-Zarazaga 2011), this adventive species was recorded for the first time in North America in

Coelocephalapion emaciipes (Fall, 1898), new to Quebec
Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 Note. The occurrence of this small native pale-legged species in the province was expected as it was previously known in Canada from Ontario and the Maritime Provinces. Although this species has been tentatively associated with tick-trefoil, Desmodium Desv. sp. (Fabaceae), based on the very few available data at the time (Bright 1993), it is worth noting that most of the specimens caught in 2016 were found in association with Scirpus L. spp. ( Note. This small native species is characterized by its 6-jointed funicle, compact, short and broad form, and light bluish-gray scales. It is said to occur on goldenrods, Solidago L. spp. (Asteraceae) (Blatchley and Leng 1916). It was previously known in Canada from Alberta, Saskatchewan, and New Brunswick .

Pseudanthonomus helvolus (Boheman, 1843), new to Quebec
Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016 Note. This native species is associated with witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana L. (Hamamelidaceae) (Clark 1987). Adults emerging from hibernation are active from mid-May to early July, and those from the current-year generation emerge from mid-August to early September and then hibernate until the following spring (DeSteven 1981). Note. This record comes three years after the first North American detection of the species in Michigan  and is based on the incidental finding in the Montreal area (Notre-Dame-de l'Île-Perrot) of a single specimen in 2013 and of dozens of additional specimens 2-3 years later. This widespread Palaearctic species is easily separated from all North American native Curculio species by its very small size (<3.5mm), lack of femoral teeth and association with birch, Betula L. spp. All specimens recorded in Quebec were collected in a stand of gray birch, Betula populifolia Marshall (Betulaceae), and most were directly beaten from gray birch. Adults are said to be active from May to October in Europe (Hoffmann 1954; as "Balaninus undulatus Herbst, 1795"), but all specimens reported herein were captured in August (except three specimens caught on September 1, 2016). This species is also newly recorded from Ontario, based on a specimen photographed by Burke Korol in Barrie, Simcoe County, on August 21, 2015 and posted on bugguide.net (http://bugguide.net/node/ view/1127147).

Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015
Note. This record is based on two specimens collected ten years apart from low vegetation in two localities. This native species was previously known in Canada only from Ontario . It is associated with dodders, Cuscuta L. spp. (Convolvulaceae) (Anderson 1962), obligate parasitic leafless vines almost entirely deprived of chlorophyll that wrap around various plants.

Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016
Note. This native species is easily separated from other species of its genus by the deep impressions on the prothorax, the elytral pattern created by fuscous and light brown scales with a fascia crossing the suture near middle, and its large size (Tanner 1943).
It is associated with fragrant water-lily, Nymphaea odorata Aiton (Nymphaeaceae) (O'Brien et Marshall 1979). It was previously known in Canada only from Ontario .

Bagous tanneri O'Brien, 1979, new to Quebec
Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2009RSA, , 2016 Note. This native species was previously known in Canada only from Ontario . It feeds in the larval stage on submerged petioles of fragrant waterlily, Nymphaea odorata (McGaha 1952 Note. This remarkable native species was previously known in Canada only from Ontario

Species identification confirmed by Hiraku Yoshitake, 2014
Note. This native species was previously known in Canada from Manitoba and Ontario ), but its presence in Ontario was reported for the first time only recently (Proctor et al. 2010 Note. This native species is reported to inhabit in the larval stage the galls formed by the apionine weevil Podapion gallicola Riley, 1883, on pine (Blatchley and Leng 1916). In western North America, it is also a reported host of the Macromesus americanus Hedqvist, 1960 (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), which has been reared from various pines and several other conifers (Askew and Shaw 2001). Cylindrocopturus longulus was previously known in Canada only from Ontario, but the gall making species Podapion gallicola is known from Ontario, Quebec and New Brunswick .

Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2016
Note. This adventive species, originally from Asia, has gone undetected for many years in collections under the genus Trachyphloeus Germar, 1817, and was reported by O'Brien (2000) as established in several eastern states since at least 1973. In Canada, it was known until now only from Ontario . Only females are known to occur in North America (Bright and Bouchard 2008).

Hypera rumicis (Linnaeus, 1758), new to Quebec
Species identification confirmed by Hiraku Yoshitake, 2014 Note. Since its accidental introduction and first detection in the United States in 1879 (Chamberlin, 1933), this Palaearctic species has expanded its range considerably in North America. Surveys conducted from 1997 to 1999 in two Quebec vineyards failed to detect its presence (Bouchard et al. 2005), but its capture by C. Tessier in 2003 indicates that it was already present in the province more than a decade ago. Hypera rumicis is associated with various Polygonum L. spp. and Rumex spp. (Polygonaceae), especially the invasive curled dock, Rumex crispus L., also introduced from Europe. Its potential as a biological control agent against this weed was recently assessed (DeGregorio et al. 1992;Piesik 2006). This species was previously known in Canada from Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Ontario .

Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015
Note. Bousquet et al. (2013) listed this species without providing any details on its distribution in Canada, based on a similar inclusion in O'Brien and Wibmer (1982). We provide specific locality data for Canada for the first time. Like other Lixus Fabricius, 1801 spp., this species is probably associated with Polygonum spp. (Polygonaceae). Numerous CMNC specimens from Texas were collected on Polygonum.

Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015
Note. This species was reported to be associated with Polygonum amphibium L. (now Persicaria amphibia (L.) Delarbre) (Polygonaceae) more than a century ago (Beutenmuller 1893). We also found it to be common on this same species of plant in Oka.

Rhyssomatus aequalis Horn, 1873, first records for Quebec with detailed locality information
Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 Note. This native species was known in Canada only from Ontario (McNamara 1991) until Bousquet et al. (2013) recorded it from Quebec without providing any specific details about its distribution within the province. Before the recent addition of a few speci-mens from the series reported herein, the CNCI contained 33 specimens from Canada, all collected by W.J. Brown in extreme southern Ontario between 1931 and 1940, 17 of them on "Convolvulus sepium pubescens" (hedge false bindweed, now known as Calystegia sepium (L.) R. Br. (Convolvulaceae)). Based on these label data and on those of most specimens reported henceforth, R. aequalis appears to be associated with C. sepium. Specimen

Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015
Note. This native species is associated with Celtis L. spp. (Cannabaceae) (Schoof 1942), specifically common hackberry, Celtis occidentalis L., in Quebec. All specimens collected in Montreal were beaten from common hackberry, and all those from Terrasse-Vaudreuil were attracted to a light source located no more than 10 m from a hackberry tree. Hackberry has been favoured as a street tree and planted in great numbers in some boroughs by the City of Montreal between 1972and 1984(QuéBio 2016, obviously much to the benefit of the weevil. Records provided herein represent a significant northerly extension of the range of this species which was previously only known from as far north as Pennsylvania (O'Brien and Wibmer 1982).
Specimens from southern USA were examined and found to be consistently larger than the northern forms from Quebec and northern USA, but dissections failed to reveal any further significant differences between the two groups. The status of the Canadian and northern USA forms needs further study. For the time being specimens reported herein will be considered as C. buchanani.

Conotrachelus recessus (Casey, 1910), new to Quebec
Species identification confirmed by RSA, 2015 Note. This small Conotrachelus Dejean, 1835 was previously known in Canada only from Ontario . It is superficially similar to a Tychius Germar, 1817 sp. and was in fact originally described by Casey in the tribe Tychiini (Curculioninae) as the type of the monobasic genus Loceptes Casey, 1910 (Schoof 1942). It can be separated from its congeners by its very small size (2.5 -3.0mm), golden colored scales and recurved elytral setae. Available data on host plants are inconclusive.

Phloeotribus dentifrons (Blackman, 1921), new to Quebec
Species identification confirmed by Hume Douglas, 2016 Note. This minute native species (1.2-1.6mm) was previously known to occur in Canada only in the southernmost part of Ontario (all 61 CNCI Canadian specimens are from Point Pelee National Park). As for the above-mentioned Conotrachelus buchanani, this native species is associated with Celtis spp. (Wood 1982), specifically common hackberry, Celtis occidentalis, in Quebec. It is probably more widely distributed than currently known in Quebec, as it was found in close association with its host plant in three different localities. It has also been reared recently (2016) from dead branches of Celtis occidentalis in Almonte, Ontario, ca. 30 km from the Quebec border (Hume Douglas, pers. comm. 2017). Note. As for the above-mentioned Phloeotribus dentifrons, this native species was previously thought to be confined in Canada to the southernmost part of Ontario (all 11 CNCI Canadian specimens are from Pelee Island and Point Pelee National Park). It occurs in association with common hackberry, Celtis occidentalis, in Quebec, but also with dwarf hackberry, Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. (Smith and Cognato 2014), an endangered species, in southern Ontario (COSEWIC 2003). At 2.2-5.3mm, it is the largest member of the genus known to occur in Quebec.