The genus Anaphothrips with one new species from China (Thysanoptera, Thripidae)

Abstract A key to six species of Anaphothrips known from China is provided, together with distribution information. Anaphothrips dentatus sp. n. is described and illustrated from Sanjiang Plain in northeastern China, based on one male and five apterous females. This species is unusual in having the posterior margin of tergite VIII with a craspedum of small teeth rather than long microtrichia.


Introduction
Currently, 81 species are described in the genus Anaphothrips (ThripsWiki 2017), most being associated with species of Poaceae. A key to distinguish the genus from similar genera in China was provided by Mirab-balou et al. (2012), and five species have been recorded in this genus from China (Mirab-balou et al. 2012). The diagnosis of the genus includes the following character states: antennae 8-or 9-segmented, sense cone on segment IV forked, on segment III forked or simple; pronotum without long setae; metafurcal spinula absent; all tarsi 2-segmented; abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with or without comb, some species with craspedum; sternites without discal setae; male abdominal sternites usually with pore plate (Mound and Masami 2009). Sanjiang Plain (45°01.08 '-48°27.93'N, 130°13.17'-135°05.43'E) is located in Northeast China, with a total area of approximately 108.9 thousand square kilometers. It is the largest area of freshwater marsh wetland ( Fig. 1) in China, but from which no species of thrips has previously been reported. The thrips diversity of this region was investigated from 2012 to 2014, and two species from the genus Anaphothrips were discovered, A. obscurus (Müller) and the new species described in this paper.

Materials and methods
The slide preparation method followed Zhang et al. (2006). Descriptions and measurements were conducted using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope; photographs were taken using an ISH500 camera with ISCapture software and were processed with the software of Adobe Photoshop CS6. All measurements described in this paper are in micrometers. One paratype of the new species is deposited in the Insect Collection, South China Agricultural University (SCAU); other specimens examined are deposited in the Insect Collection of Jilin University (JLU), Changchun City, Jilin Province, China. Diagnosis. Both sexes apterous. Body brown, but head and thorax paler, legs yellow, antennal segments I, III-V yellow, segments II, VI-IX brown. Head wider than long slightly, projecting in front of eyes; ocelli reduced. Antennae 9-segmented, segments III-IV with sense cone forked. Pronotum almost smooth; metanotum median setae far apart and arising on posterior third of sclerite. Abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin with craspedum formed of small teeth. Male tergite IX with two pairs of stout median thorn-like setae near posterior margin; sternites III-VII with C-shaped pore plate slightly wider than distance between posteromarginal seta S1.
Head (Fig. 4) 0.9 times as long as wide, projecting in front of eyes, dorsal surface sculptured with irregular transverse reticulations, but almost smooth between eyes; ocelli reduced, three pairs of ocellar setae present, seta III longer; three pairs of postocular setae present; antennae 9-segmented ( Fig. 6), segment III with pedicel, segments III-IV with small forked sense cone and rows of microtrichia, a complete transverse suture present between segments VI and VII.
Abdominal tergites II-VIII with sculpture laterally (Fig. 10), one pair of median setae, two pairs of campaniform sensilla, two pairs of lateral setae and a pair of lateral marginal setae present, a pair of posteroangular setae arising at posterior margin far from the posterior angles; tergite VIII with spiracles occupying less than half of lateral margins, posterior margin with craspedum formed of small teeth; tergite IX with a pair  of mid-dorsal setae and two pairs of campaniform sensilla, SI and S2 close to posterior margin longer than tergite X; tergite X divided longitudinally with a pair of campaniform sensilla and two pairs of long setae close to posterior margin (Fig. 13). Sternites II-VII reticulated laterally and without discal setae, sternite II with two pairs of posteromarginal setae, III-VII with three pairs (Fig. 11); sternite VIII with three pairs of setae laterally. Pleurotergites III-VII with posteromarginal setae, posterior margin with lobes (Fig. 11).
Apterous male (Fig. 3). Similar to female but smaller and paler; tergite IX with two pairs of stout median thorn-like setae near posterior margin, setae I 1.7 times as long as II (Fig. 14); sternites III-VII with C-shaped pore plate slightly wider than distance between posteromarginal setae S1 (Fig. 12).
Remarks. The new species belongs to a small group of Anaphothrips in which abdominal tergite VIII posterior margin has a craspedum that is tooth-shaped not ciliate. It is similar in appearance to the description by Pitkin (1978) of the Australian species A. moundi, but can be distinguished from the latter by the following features: antennal segment II brown, sensorium on III forked; abdominal tergite VIII with craspedum of teeth longer; male abdominal sternites pore plate only slightly wider than the distance of posteromarginal setae S1. The morphological characteristics of A. moundi are provided by Mound and Masumoto (2009). The new species is also similar to A. obscurus in appearance, but can be distinguished by the following characters: both sexes apterous; ocelli reduced; head wider than long; abdominal tergite VIII with tooth-shaped craspedum; male sternites III-VII with C-shaped pore plates only slightly wider than the distance of posteromarginal setae S1.
Remarks. This species is similar to A. incertus in appearance but can be distinguished from the latter by the following features: antennal segments III-IV brown; segment VI with incomplete suture in distal third; fore wing upper vein with 8-9 basal setae and 3-4 distal setae, lower vein with 11-13 setae.
Macropterous male. Similar to female, but stergites III-VIII with large C-shaped pore plate (Fig. 24