A checklist of the predators and parasitoids of the fall webworm Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera, Erebidae) from around the world

Liang Ming Cao; Xiao Yi Wang; Toby R. Petrice; Therese M. Poland

doi:10.3897/zookeys.1211.123574

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ZooKeys 1211: 251-348
https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1211.123574 (09 Sep 2024)

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Article title
Abstract
Key words
Introduction
Materials and methods
- Natural enemy literature review
- Natural enemy species information collected
Checklist
- Part I Predators
  - Stagmomantis carolina (Johanson, 1763)
  - Tenodera sinensis (Saussure, 1871)
  - Tettigonia viridissima (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Forficula auricularia Linnaeus, 1758
  - Apoecilus bracteatus (Fitch, 1865)
  - Arma custos (Fabricius, 1794)
  - Euschistus servus (Say, 1832)
  - Picromerus bidens (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Pinthaeus sanguinipes (Fabricius, 1781)
  - Podisus maculiventris (Say, 1832)
  - Podisus placidus Uhler, 1870
  - Podisus serieventris Uhler, 1871
  - Orius majusculus (Reuter, 1879)
  - Himacerus apterus (Fabricius, 1798)
  - Agriosphodrus dohrni (Signoret, 1862)
  - Arilus cristatus (Linnaeus, 1763)
  - Pselliopus cinctus (Fabricius, 1776)
  - Rhynocoris iracundus (Poda, 1761)
  - Sinea spinipes (Herrich-Schäffer, 1846)
  - Stenopoda cinerea Laporte, 1833
  - Yolinus albopustulatus China, 1940
  - Zelus longipes (Linnaeus, 1767)
  - Zelus cervicalis Stål, 1872
  - Zelus luridus Stål, 1862
  - Zelus tetracanthus Stål, 1862
  - Deraeocoris ruber (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Chrysopa carnea Stephens, 1836
  - Chrysopa formosa Brauer, 1851
  - Chrysopa oculata Say, 1839
  - Chrysopa perla (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Chrysopa quadripunctata Burmeister, 1839
  - Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838)
  - Chrysopa nipponensis (Okamoto, 1914)
  - Chrysopa carnea (Stephens, 1836)
  - Panorpa communis Linnaeus, 1758
  - Cantharis fusca Linnaeus, 1758
  - Cantharis rufa (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Calosoma inquisitor (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Calosoma scrutator (Fabricius, 1775)
  - Calosoma sycophanta (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Carabus hortensis Linnaeus, 1758
  - Chlaenius pallipes (Gebler, 1823)
  - Nebria livida (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Parena cavipennis (Bates, 1873)
  - Parena laesipennis (Bates, 1873)
  - Parena latecincta (Bates, 1873)
  - Plochionus timidus Haldeman, 1843
  - Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus, 1758
  - Harmonia axyridis (Pallas, 1773)
  - Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Dendroxena quadrimaculata (Scopoli, 1771)
  - Silpha carinata Herbst, 1783
  - Quedius ochripennis (Ménétriés, 1832)
  - Formica rufa Linnaeus, 1761
  - Linepithema humile (Mayr, 1868)
  - Solenopsis saevissima (Smith, 1855)
  - Dolichovespula arenaria (Fabricius, 1775)
  - Dolichovespula maculate (Linnaeus, 1763)
  - Dolichovespula norvegicoides (Sladen, 1918)
  - Polistes annularis (Linnaeus, 1763)
  - Polistes dominulus (Christ, 1791)
  - Polistes arizonensis Snelling, 1954
  - Polistes aurifer Saussure, 1853
  - Polistes metricus Say, 1831
  - Polistes fuscatus (Fabricius, 1793)
  - Vespula alascensis (Packard, 1870)
  - Vespula maculifrons (du Buysson, 1905)
  - Thereuopoda clunifera Wood, 1862
  - Agelena limbata Thorell, 1897
  - Agelenopsis sp
  - Allagelena difficilis (Fox, 1936)
  - Allagelena opulenta (L. Koch, 1878)
  - Anyphaena celer (Hentz, 1847)
  - Anyphaena maculata (Banks, 1896)
  - Anyphaena sp
  - Aysha sp
  - Hibana gracilis (Hentz, 1847)
  - Lupettiana mordax (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896)
  - Wulfila saltabundus (Hentz, 1847)
  - Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757
  - Araniella displicata (Hentz, 1847)
  - Araneus cingulatus (Walckenaer, 1841)
  - Araneus circe (Audouin, 1826)
  - Araneus grossus (C. L. Koch, 1844)
  - Araneus sp
  - Araneus macacus Uyemura, 1961
  - Acacesia hamata (Hentz, 1847)
  - Aoaraneus pentagrammicus (Karsch, 1879)
  - Argiope amoena L. Koch, 1878
  - Argiope bruennichii (Scopoli, 1772)
  - Argiope sp
  - Bijoaraneus mitificus (Simon, 1886)
  - Cyclosa atrata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
  - Cyclosa sp
  - Epeira sp
  - Eustala anastera (Walckenaer, 1841)
  - Eustala sp
  - Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Micrathena gracilis (Walckenaer, 1805)
  - Neoscona arabesca (Walckenaer, 1841)
  - Neoscona crucifera benjamina (Lucas, 1838)
  - Neoscona pratensis (Hentz, 1847)
  - Neoscona scylloides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
  - Ocrepeira ectypa (Walckenaer, 1841)
  - Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757)
  - Singa sp
  - Yaginumia sia (Strand, 1906)
  - Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Cheiracanthium eutittha Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
  - Cheiracanthium inclusum (Hentz, 1847)
  - Cheiracanthium lascivum Karsch, 1879
  - Cheiracanthium mildei L. Koch, 1864
  - Cheiracanthium japonicum Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
  - Chieracanthium sp
  - Cheiracanthium unicum Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
  - Bucliona jucunda (Karsch, 1879)
  - Clubiona abboti L. Koch, 1866
  - Clubiona corrugata Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
  - Clubiona diversa O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1862
  - Clubiona lutescens Westring, 1851
  - Clubiona marmorata L. Koch, 1866
  - Clubiona moesta Banks, 1896
  - Clubiona obesa Hentz, 1847
  - Clubiona pallidula (Clerck, 1757)
  - Clubiona sp
  - Clubiona vigil Karsch, 1879
  - Elaver excepta (L. Koch, 1866)
  - Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Dictyna foliicola Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
  - Dictyna pusilla Thorell, 1856
  - Dictyna sp
  - Phantyna segregata (Gertsch & Mulaik, 1936)
  - Cesonia bilineata (Hentz, 1847)
  - Drassyllus sp
  - Zelotes sp
  - Frontinellina frutetorum (C. L. Koch, 1835)
  - Grammonota maculata Banks, 1896
  - Linyphia sp
  - Oedothorax retusus (Westring, 1851)
  - Strandella quadrimaculata (Uyemura, 1937)
  - Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777)
  - Pardosa astrigera L. Koch, 1878
  - Mimetus puritanus Chamberlin, 1923
  - Mimetus syllepsicus Hentz, 1832
  - Trichonephila clavata (L. Koch, 1878)
  - Oecobius cellariorum (Dugès, 1836)
  - Uroctea lesserti Schenkel, 1936
  - Philodromus abbotii Walckenaer, 1837, nomen dubium
  - Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Philodromus keyserlingi Marx, 1890
  - Philodromus marxii Keyserling, 1884
  - Philodromus pernix Blackwall, 1846
  - Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826
  - Philodromus sp
  - Philodromus sp
  - Philodromus spinitarsis Simon, 1895
  - Philodromus vulgaris (Hentz, 1847)
  - Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757)
  - Pisaura lama Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
  - Pisaurina mira (Walckenaer, 1837)
  - Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757)
  - Carrhotus xanthogramma (Latreille, 1819)
  - Colonus sylvanus (Hentz, 1846)
  - Eris militaris (Hentz, 1845)
  - Eris rufa (C. L. Koch, 1846)
  - Eris sp
  - Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757)
  - Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757)
  - Heliophanus auratus C. L. Koch, 1835
  - Hentzia mitrata (Hentz, 1846)
  - Hentzia palmarum (Hentz, 1832)
  - Hentzia sp
  - Icius sp
  - Jotus sp
  - Macaroeris nidicolens (Walckenaer, 1802)
  - Maevia inclemens (Walckenaer, 1837)
  - Metacyrba taeniola (Hentz, 1846)
  - Metaphidippus sp
  - Myrmarachne japonica (Karsch, 1879)
  - Orienticius vulpes (Grube, 1861)
  - Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas, 1833)
  - Peckhamia picata (Hentz, 1846)
  - Pelegrina galathea (Walckenaer, 1837)
  - Pelegrina insignis (Banks, 1892)
  - Pelegrina proterva (Walckenaer, 1837)
  - Phintella castriesiana (Grube, 1861)
  - Platycryptus undatus (De Geer, 1778)
  - Plexippoides doenitzi (Karsch, 1879)
  - Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826)
  - Plexippus sp
  - Phidippus audax (Hentz, 1845)
  - Phidippus carolinensis G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1909
  - Phidippus clarus Keyserling, 1885
  - Phidippus insignarius C. L. Koch, 1846
  - Phidippus mystaceus (Hentz, 1846)
  - Phidippus princeps (G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1883)
  - Phidippus putnami (G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1883)
  - Phidippus whitmani G. W. Peckham & E. G. Peckham, 1909
  - Rhene atrata (Karsch, 1881)
  - Salticus zebraneus (C. L. Koch, 1837)
  - Sassacus cyaneus (Hentz, 1846)
  - Sibianor pullus (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
  - Thiodina sp
  - Zygoballus sexpunctatus (Hentz, 1845)
  - Tetragnatha laboriosa Hentz, 1850
  - Tetragnatha sp
  - Tetragnatha squamata Karsch, 1879
  - Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757)
  - Euryopis funebris (Hentz, 1850)
  - Euryopis sp
  - Heterotheridion nigrovariegatum (Simon, 1873)
  - Neospintharus trigonum (Hentz, 1850)
  - Parasteatoda tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841)
  - Phylloneta sisyphia (Clerck, 1757)
  - Takayus takayensis (Saito, 1939)
  - Teutana sp
  - Theridion differens Emerton, 1882
  - Theridion varians Hahn, 1833
  - Theridion sp
  - Yunohamella yunohamensis (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
  - Bassaniana decorata (Karsch, 1879)
  - Diaea subdola O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885
  - Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius, 1775)
  - Mecaphesa asperata (Hentz, 1847)
  - Mecaphesa celer (Hentz, 1847)
  - Misumessus oblongus (Keyserling, 1880)
  - Misumenops sp
  - Oxytate striatipes L. Koch, 1878
  - Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772)
  - Spiracme striatipes (L. Koch, 1870)
  - Synema globosum (Fabricius, 1775)
  - Synema parvulum (Hentz, 1847)
  - Tmarus sp
  - Thomisus labefactus Karsch, 1881
  - Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1805
  - Xysticus ferox (Hentz, 1847)
  - Xysticus funestus Keyserling, 1880
  - Xysticus lanio C. L. Koch, 1835
  - Xysticus sp
  - Xysticus sp
  - Nurscia albofasciata (Strand, 1907)
  - Trachelas japonicus Bösenberg & Strand, 1906
  - Trachelas similis F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1899
  - Trachelas sp
  - Trachelas tranquillus (Hentz, 1847)
  - Octonoba varians (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906)
  - Allothrombidium fuliginosum (Hermann, 1804)
  - Gecko japonicus (Schlegel, 1836)
  - Anaxyrus americanus (Holbrook, 1836)
  - Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Bufo gargarizans Cantor, 1842
  - Pelophylax nigromaculatus (Hallowell, 1861)
  - Upupa epops Linnaeus, 1758
  - Ciconia ciconia (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Streptopelia decaocto (Frivaldszky, 1838)
  - Streptopelia turtur (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Coccyzus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Cuculus canorus Linnaeus, 1758
  - Falco tinnunculus Linnaeus, 1758
  - Gallus gallus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Corvus corone Linnaeus, 1758
  - Cyanopica cyanus (Pallas, 1776)
  - Pica pica (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Lanius collurio Linnaeus, 1758
  - Lanius minor Gmelin, 1788
  - Luscinia luscinia (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Luscinia megarhynchos Brehm, 1831
  - Muscicapa striata (Pallas, 1764)
  - Oenanthe oenanthe (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Oriolus oriolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Cyanistes caeruleus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Parus major Linnaeus, 1758
  - Passer domesticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Passer montanus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Sturnus vulgaris Linnaeus, 1758
  - Spodiopsar cineraceus (Temminck, 1835)
  - Curruca curruca (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Saxicola rubetra (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Turdus merula Linnaeus, 1758
  - Turdus philomelos Brehm, 1831
  - Vireo olivaceus (Linnaeus, 1766)
  - Dendrocopos major (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Dendrocopos medius (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Dendrocopos syriacus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg, 1833)
  - Asio otus (Linnaeus, 1758)
- Part II Parasitoids
  - Apechthis compunctor (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Casinaria genuina (Norton, 1863)
  - Casinaria limenitidis (Howard, 1889)
  - Casinaria ischnogaster Thomson, 1887
  - Casinaria nigripes (Gravenhorst, 1829)
  - Cratichneumon culex (Müller, 1776)
  - Cratichneumon luteiventris (Gravenhorst, 1820)
  - Diradops hyphantriae Kasparyan & Pinson, 2007
  - Enicospilus lineolatus (Roman, 1913)
  - Enicospilus ramidulus (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Enicospilus glabratus (Say, 1835)
  - Gelis sp
  - Gotra octocincta (Ashmead, 1906)
  - Gregopimpla inquisitor (Scopoli, 1763)
  - Gregopimpla kuwanae (Viereck, 1912)
  - Gregopimpla malacosomae (Seyrig, 1927)
  - Heterischnus truncator (Fabricius, 1798)
  - Hyposoter fugitivus (Say, 1835)
  - Hyposoter rivalis (Cresson, 1872)
  - Ichneumon deliratorius Linnaeus, 1758
  - Iseropus stercorator (Fabricius, 1793)
  - Itoplectis alternans (Gravenhorst, 1829)
  - Itoplectis conquisitor (Say, 1835)
  - Itoplectis maculator (Fabricius, 1775)
  - Itoplectis viduata (Gravenhorst, 1829)
  - Netelia (Netelia) testacea (Gravenhorst, 1829)
  - Phobocampe pallipes (Provancher, 1875)
  - Phygadeuon variabilis Gravenhorst, 1829
  - Pimpla aethiops Curtis, 1828
  - Pimpla aterrima Gravenhorst, 1829
  - Pimpla disparis Viereck, 1911
  - Pimpla luctuosa Smith, 1874
  - Pimpla pedalis Cresson, 1865
  - Pimpla rufipes (Miller, 1759)
  - Pimpla spuria Gravenhorst, 1829
  - Pimpla turionellae (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Rhimphoctona (Xylophylax) megacephalus (Gravenhorst, 1829)
  - Sinophorus validus (Cresson, 1864)
  - Therion morio (Fabricius, 1781)
  - Therion sassacus Viereck, 1917
  - Theronia atalantae (Poda, 1761)
  - Theroscopus esenbeckii (Gravenhorst, 1815)
  - Trychosis legator (Thunberg, 1822)
  - Virgichneumon albilineatus (Gravenhorst, 1820)
  - Virgichneumon dumeticola (Gravenhorst, 1829)
  - Virgichneumon subcyaneus (Cresson, 1864)
  - Vulgichneumon brevicinctor (Say, 1825)
  - Vulgichneumon leucaniae (Uchida, 1924)
  - Aleiodes sanctihyacinthi (Provancher, 1880)
  - Apanteles (Dolichogenidea) lacteicolor Viereck, 1911
  - Apanteles (Pholetesor) glacialis (Ashmead, 1902)
  - Apanteles singularis (Yang & You, 2002)
  - Cotesia diacrisiae (Gahan, 1917)
  - Cotesia gregalis Yang & Wei, 2002
  - Cotesia hyphantriae (Riley, 1887)
  - Cotesia ordinaria (Ratzeburg, 1844)
  - Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov, 1912)
  - Cotesia ruficrus (Haliday, 1834)
  - Cotesia vanessae (Reinhard, 1880)
  - Meteorus acronyctae Muesebeck, 1923
  - Meteorus bakeri Cook & Davis, 1891
  - Meteorus hyphantriae Riley, 1887
  - Meteorus pendulus (Müller, 1776)
  - Meteorus versicolor (Wesmael, 1835)
  - Microplitis hyphantriae Ashmead, 1898
  - Lycogaster pullata nevadensis (Cresson, 1879)
  - Brachymeria femorata (Panzer, 1801)
  - Brachymeria lasus (Walker, 1841)
  - Brachymeria ovata (Say, 1824)
  - Brachymeria tibialis (Walker, 1834)
  - Brachymeria subconica Boucek, 1992
  - Conura meteori Burks, 1940
  - Dirhinus himalayanus Westwood, 1836
  - Exoristobia klinoclavata Xu, 2000
  - Aprostocetus esurus Riley, 1879
  - Aprostocetus magniventer Yang, 2003
  - Baryscapus coerulescens Ashmead, 1898
  - Chouioia cunea Yang, 1989
  - Elachertus cacoeciae Howard, 1885
  - Elachertus cidariae Ashmead, 1898
  - Elasmus atratus Howard, 1897
  - Elasmus nigrescens Ashmead, 1895
  - Elasmus pullatus Howard, 1885
  - Elasmus varius Howard, 1885
  - Neochrysocharis hyphantriae Yoshimoto, 1978
  - Pediobius bruchicida Rondani, 1872
  - Pediobius elasmi (Ashmead, 1904)
  - Pediobius pupariae Yang, 2015
  - Pediobius pyrgo Walker, 1839
  - Rhicnopelte crassicornis Nees, 1834
  - Tetrastichomyia clisiocampae (Ashmead, 1894)
  - Tetrastichus litoreus Yang, Qiao & Han, 2003
  - Tetrastichus nigricoxae Yang, 2003
  - Tetrastichus septentrionalis Yang, 2001
  - Tetrastichus shandongensis Yang, 2003
  - Trichospilus albiflagellatus Yang & Wang, 2015
  - Eupelmus fulvipes Förster, 1860
  - Eurytoma appendigaster Swederus, 1795
  - Eurytoma goidanichi Boucek, 1970
  - Eurytoma rosae Nees, 1834
  - Eurytoma verticillata (Fabricius, 1798)
  - Perilampus hyalinus Say, 1929
  - Catolaccus aeneoviridis Girault, 1911
  - Coelopisthia extenta (Walker, 1835)
  - Conomorium amplum (Walker, 1835)
  - Conomorium cuneae Yang & Baur, 2004
  - Dibrachys maculipennis Szelenyi, 1957
  - Dibrachys microgastri (Bouche, 1834)
  - Dirhinus anthracia Walker, 1846
  - Hypopteromalus inimicus Muesebeck, 1927
  - Hypopteromalus percussor Girault, 1917
  - Hypopteromalus tabacum Fitch, 1864
  - Psychophagus omnivorus (Walker, 1835)
  - Pteromalus apum Retzius, 1783
  - Pteromalus bifoveolatus Foerster, 1861
  - Pteromalus egregious Foerster, 1841
  - Pteromalus phycidis Ashmead, 1898
  - Trichomalopsis cotesiae Yang, 2015
  - Trichomalopsis genalis (Graham, 1969)
  - Trichomalopsis germanica (Graham, 1969)
  - Trichomalopsis hemiptera Walker, 1835
  - Monodontomerus aeneus Fonscolombe, 1832
  - Monodontomerus aereus Walker, 1834
  - Monodontomerus dentipes Dalman, 1820
  - Monodontomerus minor (Ratzeburg, 1848)
  - Trichogramma brassicae Bezdenko, 1968
  - Trichogramma cacaeciae Marchal, 1927
  - Trichogramma dendrolimi Matsumura, 1926
  - Trichogramma evanescens Westwood, 1833
  - Trichogramma minutum Riley, 1871
  - Trichogramma ostriniae Pang & Chen, 1974
  - Trichogramma piceum Dyurich, 1987
  - Telenomus chloropus (Thomson, 1861)
  - Telenomus bifidus Riley, 1887
  - Archytas (Nemochaeta) aterrimus (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830)
  - Bactromyia aurulenta (Meigen, 1824)
  - Bessa parallela (Meigen, 1824)
  - Blepharipa sericariae (Rondani, 1870)
  - Blepharipa zebina (Walker, 1849)
  - Blondelia eufitchiae (Townsend, 1892)
  - Blondelia hyphantria (Tothill, 1922)
  - Blondelia nigripes (Fallén, 1810)
  - Blondelia obconica (Walker, 1853)
  - Cadurcia sp
  - Carcelia bombylans Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
  - Carcelia gnava (Meigen, 1824)
  - Carcelia kockiana (Townsend, 1927)
  - Carcelia matsukarehae (Shima, 1969)
  - Carcelia protuberans (Aldrich & Webber, 1924)
  - Carcelia sumatrana Townsend, 1927
  - Ceromasia auricaudata Townsend, 1908
  - Ceromasia rubrifrons (Macquart, 1834)
  - Chetogena claripennis (Macquart, 1848)
  - Chetogena scutellaris (van der Wulp, 1890)
  - Clemelis pullata (Meigen, 1824)
  - Compsilura concinnata (Meigen, 1824)
  - Drino facialis (Townsend, 1928)
  - Drino inconspicua (Meigen, 1830)
  - Drino inconspicuoides (Baranov, 1932)
  - Eurysthaea scutellaris (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1849)
  - Exorista fasciata (Fallén, 1820)
  - Exorista japonica (Townsend, 1909)
  - Exorista larvarum (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Exorista rustica (Fallén, 1810)
  - Exorista segregata (Rondani, 1859)
  - Exorista sorbillans (Wiedemann, 1830)
  - Exorista xanthaspis (Wiedemann, 1830)
  - Gonia bimaculata Wiedemann, 1819
  - Hyphantrophaga blanda (Osten Sacken, 1887)
  - Hyphantrophaga hyphantriae (Townsend, 1891)
  - Hyphantrophaga virilis (Aldrich & Webber, 1924)
  - Hystricia abrupta (Wiedemann, 1830)
  - Isosturmia picta (Baranov, 1932)
  - Kuwanimyia conspersa Townsend, 1916
  - Lespesia aletiae (Riley, 1879)
  - Lespesia archippivora (Riley, 1871)
  - Lespesia frenchii (Williston, 1889)
  - Myiopharus floridensis (Townsend, 1892)
  - Nemoraea pellucida (Meigen, 1824)
  - Nilea hortulana (Meigen, 1824)
  - Pales pavida (Meigen, 1824)
  - Panzeria aldrichi (Townsend, 1892)
  - Panzeria ampelus (Walker, 1849)
  - Panzeria arcuata (Tothill, 1921)
  - Panzeria johnsoni (Tothill, 1921)
  - Patelloa leucaniae (Coquillett, 1897)
  - Pseudogonia parisiaca (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1851)
  - Senometopia prima (Baranov, 1931)
  - Sturmia bella (Meigen, 1824)
  - Tachina praeceps Meigen, 1824
  - Thelaira nigripes (Fabricius, 1794)
  - Winthemia sp
  - Zenillia dolosa (Meigen, 1824)
  - Zenillia libatrix (Panzer, 1797)
  - ? Odinia maculata (Meigen, 1830)
  - Sarcophaga carnaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
  - Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758
  - Muscina stabulans (Fallén, 1817)
  - Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866)
Discussion
Acknowledgments
Additional information
- Conflict of interest
- Ethical statement
- Funding
- Author contributions
- Author ORCIDs
- Data availability
References

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