Simplified Staphylinidae phylogenies from A Zhang et al. (2018: fig. 2), ML+Bayesian tree B Kypke (2018: fig. 4), ML tree C Kypke (2018: fig. 5), ML tree D McKenna et al. (2019: fig. 1), ML tree. Silphinae indicated in red, asterisks indicate well-supported branches.