Simplified Staphylinidae phylogenies from A Lawrence et al. (2011: cladogram 2), parsimony tree B Grebennikov and Newton (2012: fig. 3), parsimony tree C McKenna et al. (2015: fig. 3), Bayesian tree, D Timmermans et al. (2016: fig. 1), Bayesian tree. Silphinae indicated in red, asterisks indicate well-supported branches.