Simplified Staphylinidae phylogenies from A Hatch (1927) with non-staphylinids removed B Beutel and Molenda (1997: fig. 50), parsimony tree C Hansen (1997: fig. 5), parsimony tree, and D Ballard et al. (1998: fig. 3a), parsimony tree. Silphinae indicated in red, asterisks indicate well-supported branches.