Corresponding author: João Aristeu da Rosa (
Academic editor: G. Zhang
A colony was formed from eggs of a
Rosa JA, Justino HHG, Nascimento JD, Mendonça VJ, Rocha CS, Carvalho DB, Falcone R, Azeredo-Oliveira MTV, Alevi KCC, Oliveira J (2017) A new species of
In the subfamily
The first two species identified as belonging to the genus
Most
Based on morphological, morphometric and cytogenetic characters, this paper describes
On 10 November 2010 a female of
Localization of Taquarussu - MS where female of
A colony was formed from the eight eggs laid by the
The morphological study by OM and scanning electron microscopy (
Female external genitalia were observed from the dorsal, posterior, and ventral sides (Fig.
The Leica MZ APO stereoscope from the Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
In the morphometric study by OM, 15 egg shells, 15 females and 15 males from the colony were measured, the same being done for
Mean of measurement (mm) of 15 females and 15 males of
Female | Male | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
17,25 | 17,25 |
|
|
|
9,86 | 10,03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,96 | 2,03 | 1,69 | 1,86 |
|
0,45 | 0,55 | 0,29 | 0,59 |
|
3,56 | 4,13 | 2,24 | 4,35 |
|
2,03 | 2,43 | 1,28 | 2,50 |
|
1,36 | 1,82 | 0,87 | 1,92 |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
*30 eggshells were used for each species.
The observations and measurements were carried out on a Leica MZ APO stereoscope and the Motic Images Advanced System version 3.2.
In this study ten male specimens of
CTIOC - Collection of Triatomines of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro - Brazil (2 ♂ 2 ♀). Entomological Reference Collection of the Faculty of Public Health - USP, São Paulo -Brazil (1 ♂ 1 ♀). Collection of the Institute of Entomology of the Metropolitan University of Education Sciences (IEUMCE), Santiago - Chile (2 ♂ 2 ♀).
The name
Main distinguishing characters between
Distinguishing characters | Species | ||
---|---|---|---|
|
|
||
Overall color | Brown | Dark brown | |
Genae | Lengthier longer | Longer | |
Vertex | Quite visible | Not visible | |
Ventral triangular furrow | Filamentous way | Rounded way | |
Scutellum | Covers the final portion of the urotergite I process | The apex of the process of the urotergite I is perfectly visible | |
Stridulatory sulcus | Straight | Waisted | |
Mesothorax | Half-moon shaped and regular | Pronounced and slightly irregular | |
Female external genitalia | Dorsal side | 10th segment presents a concavity in the middle portion | 10th segment is straight |
Posterior side | The limits of the 9th segment with gonocoxite VIII are curve | The limits of the 9th segment with gonocoxite VIII are straight | |
Ventral side | There is a concavity in the external limit with the 10th segment | There is a straight line in the external limit with the 10th segment | |
Male genitalia | Phallothecal sclerite | Trapezoidal shape | Rounded shape |
Tip of parameres | Thinner | Thin | |
Heterochromatin in the autosomes | Present | Absent | |
CMA+ in autosomes | Present | Absent |
On the head, differences were noticed on the vertex, genae, antennae and triangular furrow of the first segment of the rostrum. The vertex of the head of
Among the 19 characters measured, 12 showed significant differences between
Head by
Escutellum and process of I urotergit by
Thorax ventral by
Female external genitalia by
A total of 15 adult females and 15 adult males of
The head of
The first segment of the antennae is black with mixes of brown. The articulation between the first and second segment of the antennae is brown. Roughly all the 10th part of the beginning of the second antennal segment is brown. The second segment is mostly black. In the articulation between the second and third antennal segment there is a black ring followed by a brown one. The beginning of the third segment (around 1/3) is black and the remaining portions (2/3) are brown. The articulation between the third and fourth antennal segment is brown. The beginning of the fourth segment is black and the remaining portions are brown with mixes of black (Fig.
The eyes are black and the ocelli are brown. The neck has a brown central dorsal strip flanked by two (1+1) black, narrower strips. The ventral portion of the neck between the ocelli is dark brown (Fig.
The pronotum of the thorax of
The cuticle involving the veins of the hemelytron is light brown. The corium between the veins of the coriaceous region is dark brown, whereas that of the membrane is brown (Fig.
The prosternum contains the stridulatory sulcus, which moves along that segment in an antero-posterior direction, having a brown color in the background and black on the sides. Two elongated tubercles limit the anterior half of the stridulatory sulcus. In the superior portion and in diagonal direction from the tubercles there are two black glabrous areas surrounded by a set of brown sensilla (Fig.
The mesosternum is limited anteriorly by the prosternum and posteriorly by the metasternum, both limits being brown. The central line dividing two dark brown elevations is also brown. Those two elevations are limited by two (1+ 1) black side glabrous areas diagonally placed. The central region of the posterior limit of the mesosternum has a half-moon shape. The metasternum is brown and resembles an isosceles triangle. Its anterior portion, i.e., its limit with the mesosternum, corresponds to the vertex of the triangle and is narrow, whereas its posterior portion, i.e., its limit with the first abdominal segment, corresponds to the basis of the triangle (Fig.
The three pairs of coxae are brown, except for the black glabrous areas. The trochanters of the anterior pair of legs are brown, but mixed with black glabrous areas. The middle and posterior pairs of trochanters are brown and have no glabrous areas. The three pairs of femora are black and the same color prevails in the three pairs of tibiae, except in the articulations with the femur and the spongy fossula, which are brown. The spongy fossulae are located in the first and second pairs of legs in the final portion of the tibia, alongside the articulations with the tarsi (Fig.
The abdomen of
Male genitalia have the typical aspect of the genus
Eggs general vision and egg exochorium detail of
Phallus of
Parameres dorsal view of
The dorsal side of the female external genitalia presents a concavity in the middle portion of the 10th segment. Seen from posterior view, the limits (1+1) of the 9th segment with gonocoxite VIII are curve, whereas the superior line limiting the 10thand 9thsegments is straight. In the central portion of the 10th segment of the ventral side of the female external genitalia there is another concavity that can be noticed from dorsal view. The external limits (1+1) of the 9th segment of the female external genitalia are curve when seen from ventral view (Fig.
Egg shells of
Finally, although
Constitutive heterochromatin pattern in
Composition of the pairs of bases of DNA rich in
The subfamily
In addition to the macroscopic characters,
Regarding the color, the distinction between
Out of the eleven morphological characters that distinguish
In what refers to the thorax, differences on the scutellum, protothorax, mesothorax, and metathorax were noticed. The scutellum of
The differentiation of seven genera of triatomines based on the shape of the prosternal stridulatory sulcus was carried out by
The eggs of
According to Justi and Galvão (2016) the group
Distinguishing characters among twelve species of the group
Species | Distinctive characters | References |
---|---|---|
|
The third antennal segment appears to be relatively shorter. The scutellar process is narrowly pointed. |
|
|
Antenniferous tubercle slightly pilose and with triangular glabrous depression in the upper region. Semicircular spot on the posterior end of the neck. | Carcavallo and Barreto 1976 |
|
Head comparatively long, distinctly longer that pronotum. Process of pygophore rectangular. |
|
|
The second antennal segment is 10.3 times larger than the first. The scutellum is larger and includes two prominent internal lateral carinea. |
|
|
The male genitalia presents a second process of the phallosoma. Divergent antennal tubercle with an apical denticle. | Valente et al. 2001 |
|
Anterior wings with well-demarcated veins, notable the Sc by a yellow tonality. Abdomen presents yellow spots interposed with dark ones over the ventral abdomen lengthwise. |
|
|
Overall color light reddish brown, trochantera not contrasting conspicuously with femora. Median process of pygophore wide at base. |
|
|
Overall color dark brown, trochantera very light colored. Median process of pygophore narrow at base. |
|
|
Pronotum entirely dark brown or black, including the carine. Connexivum blackish, with very small reddish spots. |
|
|
Anteocular region slightly over three times as long as postocular. Distance between eyes dorsally larger than width of eyes in dorsal view. |
|
|
Anteocular region about four times as long as postocular. Specimens distance between eyes dorsally smaller than, or equal to, width of eye in dorsal view. |
|
Head with a prominent brown vertex contrasting with the black sides. The phallosome (Ph) has a broad plate whose superior region has a trapezoidal shape and occupies the middle region of the aedeagus. | This work |
*group
Cytogenetic analyses of
Although the evolutionary process in triatomine is disruptive (
Conceived the study: JAR, HHGJ, JO and KCCA.Colected the bugs:HHGJ.
Prepared samples: JAR, JDN, JO, DBC and JDN. Analysed data: JAR, JO,VJM, RF,CSR and MTAO. Interpreted data: JAR, JO, KCCA, DBC. Wrote the manuscript: JAR, JO and KCCA.
All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Marcelo Ornaghi Orlandi, Mario Cilense e Sebastião Dametto from the Institute of Chemistry at São Paulo State University (