Oscillograms of the calling song A–C courtship song D–G and frequency spectra H, I in Stenobothrus newskii. Courtship songs of two males are shown in E and F. Song recordings are presented at three different speeds. In oscillograms A–C, F–G the two upper lines are recordings of hind leg movements and the lower line is the sound recording. The drawing shows the wing clapping, which generates the high-amplitude pulses shown in D–G. Frequency spectra are shown in kHz for the main echeme H and wing beats I.