﻿Two new species of Orchestina Simon, 1882 (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan, China

﻿Abstract Two new species of Orchestina, O.dapojing Tong & Yang, sp. nov. (♂♀) and O.hyperofrontata Tong & Yang, sp. nov. (♂) are described from Yunnan, China. Descriptions, diagnoses and photographs of habitus and copulatory organs are provided.


Introduction
Orchestina Simon, 1882 is a species-rich genus of oonopid spider that currently contains 164 extant species (WSC 2024).It has an almost global distribution and occurs in the Northern Hemisphere in the region south of 45°N (Marusik et al. 2018).Currently, 19 species of this genus are known to occur in China (Tong and Li 2011;Liu et al. 2016Liu et al. , 2019;;Wang et al. 2021;Lin et al. 2024;Song et al. 2024).Only two species, O. manicata Simon, 1893and O. striata Simon, 1909, are known in adjacent Vietnam (WSC 2024).
Although the genus Orchestina was well known among arachnologists, there are no global revisions for this genus up to now.The most recent regional revisions on the genus include a description of 18 new species of the Afrotropical region (Henrard and Jocqué 2012) and 85 new species and six known species from the Americas (Izquierdo and Ramírez 2017).Phylogenetic relationships of the species were explored for African species, and two species groups (each with two subgroups) were recognized (Henrard and Jocqué 2012).Species groupings for East Asian or Chinese species have yet to be recognized.
While studying oonopid spiders collected from Cangshan Mountain, Yunnan Province, two new species of the genus Orchestina were recognized.It is the first time that this genus has been found in Yunnan.The present paper aims to provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of the two new species, O. dapojing Tong & Yang, sp. nov. and O. hyperofrontata Tong & Yang, sp. nov.

Material and methods
All the specimens used in this study were collected by pitfall trapping and later examined using a Leica M205C stereomicroscope.Details of body parts and measurements were studied under an Olympus BX51 compound microscope.Photos were made with a Canon EOS 750D zoom digital camera (18 megapixels) mounted on the Olympus compound microscope.Endogyne were cleared in lactic acid.All measurements in the text are expressed in millimeters.Terminology and taxonomic descriptions follow Henrard and Jocqué (2012) and Tong and Li (2011).All materials studied are deposited at Shenyang Normal University (SYNU) in Shenyang, China.
The following abbreviations are used in the text and figures: ALE = anterior lateral eyes; AUS = anterior uterine sclerite; Ex = dorsolateral extension; PLE = posterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior median eyes.
Etymology.The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality.
Distribution.Known only from the type locality, Yunnan Province, China.Diagnosis.The new species can be distinguished from all other congeneric species by the strongly elevated clypeus (Fig. 4A, B, E, F) and the prong on the distal part of the chelicerae (Fig. 5F), vs. lacking in congeners.
Distribution.Known only from the type locality, Yunnan Province, China.
The new species O. hyperofrontata sp.nov. is similar to O. utah anaChamberlin & Ivie, 1935 and O. obscura Chamberlin & Ivie, 1942  from the Nearctic in the general shape of the male palp and the presence of prongs on cheliceral promargin (Fig.5A-C, F; Izquierdo and Ramírez 2017: figs 5B, 15A-C, G-I).Meanwhile, the new species is also similar to O. kasukuHenrard  & Jocqué, 2012 (from West Africa)  in the eye pattern(ALE and PLE not touching