﻿Review of Anaka Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1975 (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae) with the descriptions of five new species from China

﻿Abstract The dikraneurine leafhopper genus Anaka is reviewed based on a comparative morphological study. Five new species, Anakaauriculasp. nov., Anakacruciatasp. nov., Anakacurvatasp. nov., Anakarosaceasp. nov., and Anakaspiralissp. nov. from China are described and illustrated in detail. Additionally, a key to known Anaka species is provided along with a checklist of all species and their distributions.


Introduction
The typhlocybine leafhopper genus Anaka Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1975 belonging to the tribe Dikraneurini was erected by Dworakowska and Viraktamath (1975) with Anaka colorata from India as the type species.Thapa and Sohi (1986) added A. nepalica and A. spinosa from Nepal.Dworakowska (1993) added A. blada (India), A. sumatrana (Indonesia), A. shashidhari (India), A. burmensis (Upper Burma), and A. roryi (China).Thus, eight species of the genus have been reported to date.Here, we review the previously known species and describe five new species, Anaka auricula sp.nov., Anaka cruciata sp.nov., Anaka curvata sp.nov., Anaka rosacea sp.nov.and Anaka spiralis sp.nov.from China.We also provide a key to males of all recognized species of the genus.

Material and methods
All specimens identified in this study were collected by net trapping in southern China and are housed at the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P. R.China (GUGC:10657).
Dry specimens were used for preparing descriptions and illustrations.External morphology was observed under a stereoscopic microscope.Body length was measured with an ocular micrometer, in millimeters, from the apex of the ZooKeys 1191: 379-389 (2024), DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1191.113811 Meng Jiao et al.: Review of genus Anaka (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae, Dikraneurini) head to the apex of the forewing in repose.The genital segments of the specimens examined were macerated in 10% NaOH, washed in water and transferred to glycerin.Male specimens were dissected under a MOTIC B1 SMS-168 SERIES microscope.Figures were made using an OLYMPUS CX41 compound microscope.Photographs were taken with Keyence VHX-1000 and an Olympus E-520 digital camera.The digital images were then imported into Adobe Photoshop CS6 for labeling and figure composition.
Description.Vertex rounded, coronal suture distinct.Face rounded gradually to vertex, flat, lorum broad.Ocelli vestigial.Pronotum ~ 3× longer than head in dorsal view, as broad as head with eyes.Scutum with scutellum distinctly shorter than pronotum.Forewing broad, 3 rd apical cell stalked.Hind wing veins RP and MA confluent in male.Hindwing narrow, membrane smoked, veins dark, area bordered.
Abdominal apodemes well developed, reaching caudal margin of 4 th abdominal sternite.Pygofer side dark, well sclerotized, dorsal lobe the darkest, hind and ventral margins not pigmented, row of microsetae caudad.Subgenital plate has group of few big macrosetae at approximately mid-length, numerous thin short microsetae present at apical 1/3, several small rigid setae near macrosetae, and a row of thin long setae on basal 1/2 of ventral margin.Paramere hooked at apex, strongly attached to subgenital plate.Connective fused with aedeagus (Dworakowska and Viraktamath 1975).Aedeagus tubular, with basal or apical processes.Dorsoatrium well developed.Gonopore apical.
Etymology.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word auricula (an ear) referring to the shape of the aedeagal processes.
Etymology.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word cruciatus (marked by a cross) referring to the shape formed by the two pairs of aedeagal processes.
Remarks.This species with two pairs of aedeagal processes differs from all other species of Anaka, and two pairs of processes originate from subapical of stem, but in different positions.Description.Length: male 4.4-4.5 mm.Body (Fig. 3A, B) brown.Crown (Fig. 3C) with two black patches.Coronal suture distinct.Face (Fig. 3D, E) yellowish brown, frontoclypeal area protuberant, anteclypeus broad.Pronotum brown, wider than crown.Scutellum with a vertical yellow stripe in the median.Forewing (Fig. 3F) infuscate, 3 rd apical cell stalked, hind wing transparent (Fig. 3G).
Etymology.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word curvatus (curved) referring to the shape of the aedeagal processes.
Etymology.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word rosaceus (rose-colored) referring to the color of the head.
Remarks.This species marked with rose-red spots.The aedeagal processes are similar to A. blada and A. spinosa but differs in having the aedeagus with two long apical processes and the processes straight with spiral pattern.Description.Length: male 4.4-4.5 mm.Body (Fig. 5A, B) yellow.Crown (Fig. 5C) obtuse.Coronal suture distinct.Face (Fig. 5D-F) white, frontoclypeal area protuberant, anteclypeus broad.Pronotum yellow, wider than crown.Forewing (Fig. 5G) yellow with apical part white, hind wing (Fig. 5H) transparent.
Etymology.The specific epithet is derived from the Latin word spiralis (spiraling) referring to the shape of the aedeagal processes.
Remarks.In this species the aedeagus has a pair of basal processes like A. burmensis and A. shashidhari, but these basal processes have spiral-shaped top, and do not exceed the stem.These features are also not as long as in A. nepalica.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Anaka auricula sp.nov.A male body, dorsal view B male body, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D head and thorax, lateral view E face F forewing G hindwing H abdominal apodeme I male pygofer, lateral view J subgenital plate, ventral view K aedeagus, connective, and paramere, lateral view L aedeagus and connective, ventral view.Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-E); 0.1 mm (F-L).

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Anaka cruciata sp.nov.A male body, dorsal view B male body, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D head and thorax, lateral view E face F head, frontal view G forewing H hindwing I abdominal apodeme J male pygofer, lateral view K subgenital plate, ventral view L aedeagus, connective, and paramere, dorsal view M aedeagus, connective, and paramere, lateral view.Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G-M).
Figure 3. Anaka curvata sp.nov.A male body, dorsal view B male body, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D head and thorax, lateral view E face F forewing G hindwing H abdominal apodeme I male pygofer, lateral view J subgenital plate, ventral view K aedeagus, connective, and paramere, lateral view L aedeagus, connective, ventral view.Scale bars 0.5 mm (A-E); 0.1 mm (F-L).

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. Anaka rosacea sp.nov.A male body, dorsal view B male body, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D head and thorax, lateral view E face F forewing G hindwing H abdominal apodeme I male pygofer, lateral view J subgenital plate, ventral view K paramere, lateral view L aedeagus and connective, lateral view M aedeagus and connective, dorsal view.Scale bars 0.5 mm (A-E); 0.1 mm (F-M).

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Anaka spiralis sp.nov.A male body, dorsal view B male body, lateral view C head and thorax, dorsal view D head and thorax, lateral view E face F head, frontal view G forewing H hindwing I abdominal apodeme J male pygofer, lateral view K male pygofer lobe, dorsal view L subgenital plate, ventral view M aedeagus, connective and paramere, lateral view N aedeagus and connective, dorsal view.Scale bars 0.5 mm (A-F); 0.1 mm (G-N).