Forest plot of Cox proportional hazard analysis for Pissonotus paraguayensis A females and B males survival where hazard ratio (HR) > 1 means that exposure to the factor increases the rate of occurrence of the event (cavity lost), and HR < 1 decreases the rate. If the HR = 1 the factor does not influence survival (Kleinbaum and Klein 2012). HR are depicted by box symbols with confidence bands and parenthetical values representing 95% confidence intervals. The p values represent Wald test of significance and magnitude of significance is denoted with asterisks (*). AIC, Akaike information criterion. Small letters next to plant species indicate sectional classification of Ludwigia: a Jussiaea, b Macrocarpon, c Myrtocarpus based on Raven (1963) and Wagner et al. (2007).