2 urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A ZooKeys ZK 1313-2989 1313-2970 Pensoft Publishers 10.3897/zookeys.1193.113303 113303 Research Article Erebidae Lepidoptera Noctuoidea Systematics Asia Description of a new species of Parens Fibiger, 2011 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypenodinae) from Korea Lee Ji-Young https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-7957 1 Writing - original draft Data curation Investigation Visualization Byun Bong-Kyu bkbyun@hnu.kr https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-6464 1 Conceptualization Writing - review and editing Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Hannam University, Daejeon, 34054, Republic of Korea Hannam University Daejeon Republic of Korea

Corresponding author: Bong-Kyu Byun (bkbyun@hnu.ac.kr)

Academic editor: Reza Zahiri

 2024 28 02 2024 1193 19 23 CB048A42-87B1-5F83-9840-0D364E7FF501 C889C428-DB22-4DC9-BF7A-B12D16D62CD1 13 10 2023 06 01 2024 Ji-Young Lee, Bong-Kyu Byun This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. http://zoobank.org/C889C428-DB22-4DC9-BF7A-B12D16D62CD1

The genus Parens comprises small moths, with a wingspan of 9–13 mm, belonging to the family Erebidae. Until now, only four species have been described worldwide. In Korea, only one species, P. occi (Fibiger & Kononenko, 2008) has been known to date. In this study, a new species from Korea, P. fibigerina Lee & Byun, sp. nov., is described. As a result, two Parens species are now known from Korea. Figures of adults, male and female genitalia, and a key to the species of Parens in Korea are provided.

 Checklist identification key Micronoctuini new species taxonomy National Institute of Biological Resources 501100005880 http://doi.org/10.13039/501100005880 This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR202333201). Citation

Lee J-Y, Byun B-K (2024) Description of a new species of Parens Fibiger, 2011 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Hypenodinae) from Korea. ZooKeys 1193: 19–23. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1193.113303

 Introduction

The genus Parens Fibiger, 2011 belongs to the tribe Micronoctuini, subfamily Hypenodinae of the family Erebidae. Early authors considered Parens as a member of the family Micronoctuidae based the simple male genitalia without a uncus and the two-veined hindwing (Kononenko and Han 2007; Fibiger and Kononenko 2008; Fibiger et al. 2011; Fibiger 2011). More recently, Zahiri et al. (2012) proposed a new taxonomy of the Erebidae based on molecular phylogenetics. The family Micronoctuidae was downgraded to a tribe within the subfamily Hypenodinae, with its subfamilies given the rank of subtribes. This genus was established by Fibiger (2011) with Parens paraocci Fibiger, 2011 as the type species. Parens is a relatively small genus with only four recognized species worldwide. In Korea, only one species, P. occi (Fibiger & Kononenko, 2008) is known, which was first reported by Kononenko and Han (2007) as Micronoctua sp. In the present study, a new species, P. fibigerina Lee & Byun, sp. nov., is described from Korea.

 Materials and methods Terminology

We follow the general terminology proposed by Fibiger (2011).

 Collection and preparation of specimens

The specimens were mainly collected using a bucket light trap with a 20 W black-light lamp and a LepiLED, standard model (WIF, Dr Gunnar Brehm, Sonnenblumenweg, Germany) and a 200 V / 400 W mercury-vapor lamp (220 V / 400 W).

All specimens were photographed before the dissection of their genitalia. Images of the adults were taken using a Canon EOS 600D digital camera (Canon Inc., Ota, Tokyo, Japan). Male and female genitalia were dissected and mounted in Euparal solution, following the procedure described in Holloway et al. (1987). The genitalia slides were photographed using a digital camera attached to a Leica M205C microscope (Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) and refined with Photoshop CS5 (Adobe Systems Inc., San Jose, CA, USA).

Most specimens examined in this study were deposited in the Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Hannam University, Daejeon, Korea (HNSUEL). Additional specimens examined are from the Korea National Insect Collection, Korea National Arboretum, Korea (KNA). Abbreviations for localities in Korea are as follows: GG (Gyeonggi-do), GW (Gangwon-do), CB (Chungcheongbuk-do), DJ (Daejeon), GB (Gyeongsangbuk-do), GN (Gyeongsangnam-do), JN (Jeollanam-do), and JJ (Jeju-do). Other abbreviations are TL (type locality) and TD (type depository).

 Systematic accounts Family <tp:taxon-name><tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="family">Erebidae</tp:taxon-name-part></tp:taxon-name> Leech, [1815]

Subfamily Hypenodinae Forbes, 1954

Animalia Lepidoptera Erebidae 4E106EC8-07DB-509B-9447-C4BEFC646999 Parens Fibiger, 2011 Type species.

Parens paraocci Fibiger, 2011.

 Key to <italic><tp:taxon-name><tp:taxon-name-part taxon-name-part-type="genus" reg="Parens">Parens</tp:taxon-name-part></tp:taxon-name></italic> species in Korea
1 In female genitalia, ductus bursae coiled at terminal margin Parens occi
– In female genitalia, ductus bursae not coiled at terminal margin Parens fibigerina
Animalia Lepidoptera Erebidae CF7A43A2-D7CF-567E-9FD0-7E8B0AB4B37D Parens fibigerina https://zoobank.org/60C683F2-89B4-49D0-BBDA-FA1E8C3C1F84 sp. nov. Figs 1A , 2A, B Type material.

Holotype Female, Korea, Donghae-si, GW, 12.viii.2021 (BK Byun), gen. slide no. HNUSEL-6442-coll. HNUSEL.

 Diagnosis.

This species is distinguished from P. occi by the shape of the signum in the corpus bursae. In P. occi, the cross-shaped signum in the corpus bursae, while P. fibigerina has a triangular signum. Additionally, the P. fibigerina has the forewing with a more rounded apex, a whitish-beige ground color, and a terminal margin covered with more blackish scales. The hindwing is grayish with mixed black scales. Also, the new species is distinguished from P. chekiangi Fibiger, 1911 by characters of the 8th abdominal segment and the shape of the signum. The new species has the 8th abdominal segment is 2/3 length of the posterior apophyses and is well sclerotized. The antrum is strongly sclerotized. The new species has a triangular signum in the corpus bursae, while in P. chekiangi has a cross-shaped signum.

 Description.

Adult (Fig. 1A). Wingspan 11 mm. Head bend down, black; antenna filiform, black; frons rounded; labial palps porrect. Thorax and abdomen with sparse scales, beige; A8–10 dark brown. Forewing ground color whitish beige, with black line from base to costal margin; base with half-round, blackish patch; apex rounded and with four yellowish blotches; antemedial and postmedial lines parallel, wavy, dark brown; spot reniform with whitish inner area and light brown outline. Hindwing ground color grayish brown, mixed black, and outline slightly curved to inner side with many cilia.

10.3897/zookeys.1193.113303.figure1 0DE73B08-EF14-5188-B36D-C740638BAE4D

Adults of ParensAP. fibigerina sp. nov. (gen. slide no. HNUSEL_6442) BP. occi (gen. slide no. HNUSEL_5931) Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/993947

Male genitalia. Unknown.

Female genitalia (Fig. 2A, B). Papillae anales normal shape, rounded apex, with many short hairs, and well sclerotized. Posterior apophyses length equal to papillae anales ; anterior apophyses extremely short. Ostium bursae placed in the median of abdomen. Antrum short, strongly sclerotized. Ductus bursae long, almost straight, narrow, membranous, and dilated at junction to corpus bursae (ca twice as broad as main tube). Corpus bursae globular and membranous, with triangular signum positioned slightly to left. Signum strongly sclerotized at base; upper side rather weakly sclerotized.

10.3897/zookeys.1193.113303.figure2 741BCAEA-0F1A-5740-A13E-0487F3D3AE56

Male and female genitalia of Korean Parens species A ♀, P. fibigerina sp. nov., holotype (gen. slide no. HNUSEL_6442) B ditto, signum C ♂, P. occi (gen. slide no. HNUSEL_5931, 5937) D ♀, P. occi (gen. slide no. HNUSEL_6958) E ditto, signum. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/993948 Distribution.

Korea (endemic).

 Etymology.

This new species is dedicated to the memory of Michael Fibiger, a Danish entomologist, who was a renowned researcher of the tribe Micronoctuini.

 Animalia Lepidoptera Erebidae ADBD103F-E121-54F6-8365-1F9B70D2669A Parens occi (Fibiger & Kononenko, 2008) Figs 1B , 2C–E Micronoctua occi Fibiger & Kononenko, 2008: 52. TL: Russia, Primorye territory, Gornotaezhnoe. Micronoctua sp.: Kononenko and Han 2007: 29. Parens occi : Fibiger 2011: 19. Parens occi : Lee and Byun 2022: 612. Description.

Adult (Fig. 1B). Wingspan 10–12 mm. See Lee and Byun (2022).

Male genitalia (Fig. 2C). See Lee and Byun (2022).

Female genitalia (Fig. 2D, E). See Lee and Byun (2022).

 Materials examined.

[GG] 1♂, Mt. Bongmisan, 03.xi.2008 (BW Lee, SY Park, DH Kwon), genitalia slide no. HNUSEL-5936-coll. KNAE; [GW] 1♂, Girin-myeon, 27.vi.2013 (BK Byun), genitalia slide no. HNUSEL-5931-coll. HNUSEL; 1♂, Yeongwol-gun, 26.viii.2021 (BK Byun), genitalia slide no. HNUSEL-6438-coll. HNUSEL; [CB] 2♂, Boeun-gun, 17.ix.2021 (BK Byun), genitalia slide no. HNUSEL-6309-coll. HNUSEL; Chungju-si, 10.vii.2020 (BK Byun), genitalia slide no. HNUSEL-6437-coll. HNUSEL; [DJ] 1♀, Masan-dong, 9.viii.2022 (BK Byun), genitalia slide no. HNUSEL-6958-coll. HNUSEL; [JN] 3♂, Isl. Jindo, 4.vi.2022 (BK Byun), genitalia slide no. HNUSEL-6763, 6913, 6914-coll. HNUSEL; [JJ] 1♂, Sanghyo-dong, 01.viii.2018 (BK Byun), genitalia slide no. HNUSEL-5937-coll. HNUSEL.

 Distribution.

Korea, China, Japan, Russia (Russian Far East).

 Remarks.

This species was reported first time from Korea by Kononenko and Han (2007).

 Acknowledgements

We thank to Dr Thomas Pape and Dr Ole Karsholt for opportunity of a visiting study on the Hypenodinae and allied groups in Natural History Museum of Denmark.

 Additional information Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

 Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

 Funding

This work was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Environment (MOE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR202333201).

 Author contributions

Conceptualization: BKB. Data curation: JYL. Investigation: JYL. Visualization: JYL. Writing - original draft: JYL. Writing - review and editing: BKB.

 Author ORCIDs

Ji-Young Lee https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8215-7957

Bong-Kyu Byun https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0393-6464

 Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

 References FibigerM (2011) Revision of the Micronoctuidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea). Part 4, taxonomy of the subfamilies Tentaxinae and Micronoctuinae.Zootaxa2842: 1–188. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2583.1.1 FibigerMKononenkoVS (2008) Revision of the Micronoctuidae species occurring in the Russian Far East and neighbouring countries with description of a new species (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea).Zootaxa1890(1): 50–58. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1890.1.2 FibigerMHanHLKononenkoVS (2011) Five new species and one new subspecies of Micronoctuidae from China, with a checklist of Chinese species, including Taiwan (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea, Micronoctuidae).Zootaxa2777(1): 41–53. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.2777.1.3 HollowayJDBradleyJDCargerDJ (1987) CIE Guides to Insects of Importance to Man 1. Lepidoptera.CAB International, London, 262 pp. KononenkoVSHanHL (2007) Atlas genitalia of the Noctuidae in Korea (Lepidoptera). In: Park KT (Ed.) Insects of Korea Series 11.Korea National Arboretum & Center for Insect Systematics, Pocheon, 464 pp. LeeJYByunBK (2022) Taxonomic review of the subfamily Hypenodinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from Korea.Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity15(4): 603–612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.japb.2022.09.006 ZahiriRHollowayJDKitchingIJLafontaineJDMutanenMWahlbergN (2012) Molecular phylogenetics of Erebidae (Lepidoptera, Noctuoidea).Systematic Entomology37(1): 102–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00607.x