Review of the genus Craspedolcus Enderlein sensu lato in China, with the description of a new genus and four new species (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae)

Abstract A new genus is split off the genus Craspedolcus Enderlein, 1920 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae): Maculibracon gen. n. with type species Maculibracon abruptus sp. n. The genus Craspedolcus Enderlein sensu stricto is redefined, a key to both genera and to their species in China, Thailand and Vietnam is included. Craspedolcus obscuriventris Enderlein, 1920, (syn. n.) is a new synonym of Craspedolcus vagatus (Smith, 1858), as Ipobracon maculicosta Enderlein, 1920 and Iphiaulax bhotanensis Cameron, 1907 of Maculibracon simlaensis (Cameron, 1899), comb. n. The genus Craspedolcus is recorded from China for the first time with two species: Craspedolcus fraternus Enderlein, 1920, and Craspedolcus politus sp. n. The genus Maculibracon is represented by three species in China: Maculibracon simlaensis (Cameron, 1899), comb. n. (also present in Vietnam), Maculibracon hei sp. n. and Maculibracon luteonervis sp. n. and a fourth species is described from Thailand: Maculibracon abruptus sp. n. Hybogaster zebripterae Wang & Chen, 2008, from China (Fujian) is transferred to Iphiaulax Foerster, 1863, (comb. n.) and the following names are new combinations in Maculibracon gen. n.: Bracon lepcha Cameron, 1899; Bracon phaedo Cameron, 1899; Bracon simlaensis Cameron, 1899; Iphiaulax bhotanensis Cameron, 1907; Iphiaulax laertius Cameron, 1903; Iphiaulax leptopterus Cameron, 1903; Iphiaulax lineaticarinatus Cameron, 1907; Ipobracon lissotomus Roman, 1914; Ipobracon maculicosta Enderlein, 1920 and Iphiaulax pallidicornis Roman, 1914. Craspedolcus montezuma (Cameron, 1887) is provisionally transferred to the genus Digonogastra Viereck, 1912.


Introduction
Craspedolcus Enderlein, 1920 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) is an Oriental and Wallacean genus that neither has been revised nor has its type species fully illustrated. Quicke (1985) redescribed the genus and gives a list of species belonging to it, later augmented by Quicke and van Achterberg (1990). In the Taxapad database 18 species are listed as valid (Yu et al. 2016). The only included New World species, C. montezuma (Cameron, 1887) from Mexico, was transferred by Enderlein (1920) from Iphiaulax Foerster, 1863, to Craspedolcus but is here excluded. The short description does not give a clue why it should be included in Craspedolcus except for "the centre [of first tergite] with a keel down the middle". A median keel at the middle of the first tergite occurs also in other genera, and a similar species described in the same paper (Iphiaulax chontalensis) has been transferred to Digonogastra Viereck, 1912. Most likely C. montezuma belongs to the latter genus and is here excluded from Craspedolcus. Based on the original descriptions of the remaining species three are synonyms: C. obscuriventris Enderlein, 1920 (syn. n.) of C. vagatus (Smith, 1858), and Ipobracon maculicosta Enderlein, 1920 (syn. n.) and Iphiaulax bhotanensis Cameron, 1907 (syn. n.) of Bracon simlaensis Cameron, 1899. Iphiaulax bhotanensis was already informally synonymised with B. simlaensis by Yu et al. (2016). It results in 15 valid species of Craspedolcus s. lat. with a general distribution from Myanmar, Bhutan and India, Sundanese islands, Sulawesi up to the Philippines. So far Craspedolcus s. lat. is unknown from China, but among the Braconinae in the collection of the Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing) five species were found originating from southern China. The variation in the genus as defined by Quicke (1987) is extreme and the genus is likely polyphyletic after the recognition of Serraulax Quicke, 1987, as a separate genus. The latter genus is more similar to one part of the genus than to the other. Two very similar, but well separable genera are present in China: Craspedolcus s. str. and a new genus, Maculibracon gen. n. The latter genus was also found by the second author among material from Vietnam and Thailand deposited in the collection of Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden). The biology of the new species is unknown, but members of the related genus Campyloneurus Szépligeti, 1900, are koinobiont endoparasitoids of larvae of Cerambycidae and Pyralidae. For the recognition of the subfamily Braconinae, see van Achterberg (1990Achterberg ( , 1993 and for the terminology used in this paper, see van Achterberg (1988). For additional references see Yu et al. (2016).

Materials and methods
The terminology and measurements used follow van Achterberg (1988van Achterberg ( , 1993. The following abbreviations are used: POL = postocellar line; OOL = ocular-ocellar line; OD = maximum diameter of lateral ocellus. The stigmal spot of the fore wing is the dark spot below the parastigma (Figs 1, 15). The medial length of the third metasomal tergite is measured from the posterior border of the second suture to the posterior margin of the tergite.
Photographs were made with a Keyence VHX-2000 digital microscope and the photos were slightly processed (mainly cropped and the background modified) in Photoshop CC. For the descriptions and measurements a Leica M125 stereomicroscope was used. The specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (IZCAS) and in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden (RMNH). An asterisk indicates a new record for the country.

Craspedolcus fraternus
Variation. Length of body of female 9.5-14.4 mm, of fore wing of female 11.0-15.2 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 9.6-15.0 mm; antenna of female with 68 (1), 69 (2), 71 (1) segments; vein 3-SR of fore wing 2.4-2.9 times vein 2-SR; length of first tergite 1.2-1.3 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.82-0.99 times fore wing; mesosoma and metasoma ventrally yellowish brown or infuscated; fore wing with irregular stigmal spot up to vein 1-SR+M or apical 0.2 of first submarginal cell; ventrally apex of scapus more or less yellowish; vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial or narrowly postfurcal; extent of apical infuscation of hind wing as figured ( Fig. 16) or somewhat less; face colour similar to that of mesoscutum or distinctly paler; vein 1-SR+M of fore wing yellow or partly brown; fore tarsus 1.3-1.4 times as long as fore tibia; long ventral setae of scapus appressed or erect.
Distribution. Indonesia (Sumatra), *China (Yunnan). Diagnosis. Body and hind leg yellowish brown; pterostigma yellow, but apically dark brown (Fig. 29); fore wing with stigmal spot up to vein CU1b, intruding in cells of fore wing below parastigma and included veins dark brown (Fig. 29); first tergite smooth except for its median carina and few striae (Fig. 33); second metasomal tergite smooth except for crenulae or short striae near outer side of antero-lateral areas and below nearly rhombical medio-basal area (Fig. 33); third tergite (including its transverse subposterior groove and both antero-lateral grooves) smooth (Fig. 33); length of ovipositor sheath 0.9 times body. For the separation from other species of Craspedolcus, see the diagnosis of C. fraternus Enderlein.
Head. Antenna 0.85 times as long as fore wing, with 71 segments; apical antennal segment with short spine, scapus slender, parallel-sided and distinctly protruding ventro-apically, with narrow indistinct apical ledge at inner side and basally gradually narrowed, its ventral setae erect (Figs 38, 41); third, fourth and penultimate segments 1.8, 1.2 and 1.1 times their maximum width, respectively; length of maxillary palp 0.8 times height of head; eye not emarginated (Fig. 36); face weakly and evenly convex, remotely finely punctate and with long erect yellowish setae; clypeus flat, superficially rugose, dorsally with weak carina and ventral margin thin and lamelliform protruding, with a row of long yellowish setae ventrally; hypoclypeal depression 0.5 times as wide as minimum width of face (Fig. 36); frons shallowly concave behind antennal sockets, with deep median groove, smooth except for a few punctures laterally (Fig. 36); vertex smooth except for few punctures and weakly convex, glabrous; OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus:POL = 30:7:5; in dorsal view length of eye 1.4 times temple; temples subparallel-sided behind eyes, with spaced setiferous punctures and long setae (Figs 37,39); malar suture absent present and curved; length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible; mandible twisted and with two wide teeth. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.9 times its height (Fig. 31); side of pronotum shiny and smooth; propleuron with spaced punctures; pronotum vertical anteriorly and with a shallow groove and no antescutal depression; mesopleuron smooth and glabrous, anteriorly punctulate and sparsely setose; mesosternal sulcus smooth and narrow; metapleuron smooth and with long setae, convex; mesoscutum glabrous except some setae near notaulic courses, shiny and smooth; notauli shallowly impressed, smooth; scutellar sulcus present and with distinct fine crenulae; scutellum nearly flat anteriorly and smooth; side of scutellum smooth; metanotum medio-anteriorly with short carina, posteriorly evenly convex and smooth; propodeum smooth, with many long setae and evenly convex, medio-apically smooth in lateral view (Fig. 40).
Legs. Tarsal claws simple and with long bristly setae ventrally; fore tarsus 1.5 times as long as fore tibia and tibia bristly setose and pimply anteriorly; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 4.2, 10.1 and 6.2 times their maximum width, respectively; hind tibia with dense appressed setae (Fig. 34); hind tibial spurs 0.3 and 0.4 times as long as hind basitarsus; inner side of hind tibia and tarsus densely bristly setose.
Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.2 times its apical width, medial area low anteriorly, dorso-lateral carinae strongly developed, medial area smooth except for low median carina and few striae; second tergite largely smooth (including deep oblique anterior grooves) except for median carina connected to nearly rhombical medio-basal area and weak crenulae near medio-basal area and outer side of antero-lateral triangular areas (Fig. 33); second metasomal suture strongly crenulate, laterally narrowed and oblique; medially second tergite about as long as third tergite; maximum width of third tergite 3.5 times its medial length; third-fifth tergites smooth and with smooth transverse subposterior groove and antero-lateral grooves; ovipositor sheath 0.80 times as long as fore wing and 0.9 times body; hypopygium just surpassing apex of metasoma.
Variation. Length of body of female 10.4-12.0 mm, of fore wing of female 12.0-13.4 mm, and of ovipositor sheath 9.3-12.0 mm; antenna of female with 71 (2), 68 (1) segments; vein 3-SR of fore wing 2.6-3.0 times vein 2-SR; length of first tergite 1.2-1.3 times its apical width; length of ovipositor sheath 0.78-0.90 times fore wing; mesosoma and metasoma ventrally yellowish brown or infuscated; infuscate apical part of fore wing up to vein r-m or somewhat narrower; ventrally apex of scapus more or less yellowish vein cu-a of fore wing interstitial or narrowly postfurcal; fore tarsus 1.4-1.5 times as long as fore tibia; apical infuscation of hind wing as figured (Fig. 30) or somewhat wider; face colour similar to that of mesoscutum or paler.
Etymology. Name derived from "macula" (Latin for "spot, mark") and the generic name Bracon, because of the conspicuous dark spot of the fore wing. Gender: masculine.
Notes. Quicke (1985) already indicated that Craspedolcus was heterogeneous; he divided the genus in two groups. Group A includes the type species (= Craspedolcus s. str.) and group B is described in this paper as new genus. The new genus is similar to the Afrotropical genus Serraulax Quicke, 1987, but differs by having the inner apex of scapus simple or with a minor ledge (versus with moderately wide ledge formed by a false margin in Serraulax), vein 1r-m of hind wing about as long as vein SC+R1 (versus distinctly longer), vein 2-SC+R of hind wing hardly longer than wide (versus distinctly longer than wide), vein cu-a of fore wing distinctly inclivous (versus more or less perpendicular), median carina of first tergite present anteriorly (versus absent anteriorly), second tergite smooth (versus distinctly longitudinally striate) and third tergite without subposterior transverse groove (versus with subposterior groove present).
Some species of the genus Hybogaster Szépligeti, 1906, are very similar to the new genus (e.g. first tergite with strong median carina and medial area protuberant anteriorly, wings elongate and mainly yellow, and fore wing with a dark stigmal spot). They differ by having the second tergite spaced longitudinally striate, the scapus short ovoid and not protruding ventrally, antero-lateral grooves of third tergite subvertical and indistinct because of the depression near it, vein 1-SR+M of fore wing straight or nearly so and upper valve of ovipositor without subapical nodus, depressed and covering the narrow and ventrally smooth lower valve. The genus Hybogaster remains unknown from China; the holotype of the only reported species, Hybogaster zebripterae Wang & Chen, 2008, from China (Fujian) has been examined and proved to belong to Iphiaulax Foerster, 1863, comb. n.
The following names form new combinations in Maculibracon gen. n.: Bracon lepcha Cameron, 1899; B. phaedo Cameron, 1899; B. simlaensis Cameron, 1899; Iphiaulax bhotanensis Cameron, 1907;I. laertius Cameron, 1903;I. leptopterus Cameron, 1903;I. lineaticarinatus Cameron, 1907;Ipobracon lissotomus Roman, 1914;I. maculicosta Enderlein, 1920, andI. pallidicornis Roman, 1914. Diagnosis. Entire scapus dark brown, rather stout and rather protruding ventrally; head distinctly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 51); pterostigma entirely yellow; stigmal spot of fore wing rather large, up to middle of first discal cell (Fig. 43); wing membrane of fore wing yellow distally only posteriorly narrowly infuscate remaining far from vein 1r-m (Fig.  43); medio-posterior protuberance of propodeum with small round tubercle anteriorly followed by two short transverse crests, ribbed in lateral view (Fig. 53); medial area of first tergite high and steep anteriorly (Fig. 53); body and hind leg brownish yellow; length of ovipositor sheath 0.5 times fore wing and 0.6 times body. Similar to M. leptopterus  (Cameron, 1903) because of dark scapus, stigmal spot up to middle of first discal cell and anteriorly steep medial area of first tergite. The new species differs by the longer ovipositor sheath (0.7 times versus 0.4 times in M. leptopterus according to the original description), the sculpture of the second metasomal tergite (absent versus crenulate or striate near smooth antero-lateral areas), colour of the setae of the face (yellow versus fuscous), the shape of the medio-posterior protuberance of the propodeum (posteriorly with two short transverse crests versus no crests) and the colour of the pterostigma (yellow apically versus dark brown).
Head. Antenna incomplete, with 60 segments remaining; scapus rather stout, 1.6 times longer than wide and distinctly emarginated apically, slightly longer ventrally than dorsally in lateral view, with a narrow apical ledge at inner side and gradually narrowed basally (Fig. 49); third and fourth segments 1.5 and 0.9 times their maximum width, respectively; length of maxillary palp as long as the height of head; inner side of eye not emarginated but slightly sinuate (Fig. 50); face moderately convex but flattened medially and medio-dorsally with weak median crest, sparsely punctate, and with long erect setae; clypeus flat, nearly smooth, dorsally with coarse curved carina and ventral margin thin and lamelliform, with few long setae ventrally; hypoclypeal de- pression 0.4 times as wide as minimum width of face (Fig. 50); frons shallowly concave behind antennal sockets, smooth, except for a rather shallow median groove (Fig. 50); vertex smooth, except for with some shallow setiferous punctures with long setae and shiny; stemmaticum distinctly protruding; OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus:POL = 31:15:9; in dorsal view length of eye 2.1 times temple; temples linearly narrowed behind eyes, with some long setae, punctate dorsally and sparsely punctate ventrally (Fig.  51, 52); malar suture shallow, curved; length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible; mandible twisted, both teeth robust and subequal.
Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.7 times its height; side of pronotum shiny and smooth (Fig. 45); propleuron with spaced punctures; pronotum vertical anteriorly, with a shallow pronope and groove and narrow antescutal depression; mesopleuron smooth and glabrous, except for an oblique band with punctures and short setae; mesosternal sulcus smooth and narrow; metapleuron smooth and with long setae, convex; mesoscutum glabrous except some setae near notaulic courses, shiny and smooth; notauli smooth, only distinct anteriorly and medially shallowly impressed; scutellar sulcus present and with distinct fine crenulae; scutellum distinctly convex and smooth except for some punctures; side of scutellum smooth; metanotum medioanteriorly with short carina, posteriorly evenly convex and smooth; propodeum distinctly remotely punctate, with long setae, evenly convex but medio-posteriorly with protuberance consisting of small round tubercle anteriorly followed by two short transverse crests (Fig. 46), ribbed in lateral view (Fig. 53).
Legs. Tarsal claws simple and with long bristly setae ventrally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.0, 12.0 and 7.3 times their maximum width, respectively; hind tibia with dense and rather appressed setae; hind tibial spurs 0.3 and 0.4 times as long as hind basitarsus; inner side of hind tibia and tarsus densely bristly setose (Fig. 48).
Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.3 times its apical width, dorso-lateral carinae strongly developed, medial area smooth except for high median carina and medial area steep anteriorly (Figs 47, 53); second tergite smooth (including deep oblique anterior grooves) except strong median carina connected to minute triangular medio-basal area, antero-lateral triangular areas large (Fig. 47); second metasomal suture strongly crenulated, laterally narrowed and weakly up curved; medially second tergite 1.6 times longer than third tergite; maximum width of third tergite 3.0 times its medial length; third-fifth tergites smooth and without transverse subposterior groove and with long antero-lateral grooves; ovipositor sheath 0.54 times as long as fore wing and 0.6 times body; hypopygium ending just anterior of apex of metasoma.
Colour. Yellowish brown; antenna (but small part of scapus brown) and mandible apically dark brown; ovipositor sheath blackish with yellow setae; stigmal spot medium-sized, up to dorsal third of first discal cell (Fig. 43); veins yellow except dark brown basal half of 1-SR+M and most of 1-SR; wing membrane yellow, except for stigmal spot and infuscate narrow apical margin (Figs 43, 44).
Distribution. *Thailand. Etymology. Named after the medio-anterior steep part of the first tergite: "abruptus" is Latin for "steep". Diagnosis. Entire scapus dark brown or black, rather stout and more protruding ventrally; head rather directly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 63); stigmal spot rather small, up to anterior third of first discal cell (Fig. 56); wing membrane yellow with slightly infuscate apical area of fore wing medium-sized, but remaining far from vein 1r-m (Figs 56, 57); pterostigma anteriorly dark brown and remainder yellow; medio-posterior protuberance of propodeum with two medium-sized round tubercles, ribbed in lateral view (Fig. 65); medial area of first tergite high anteriorly and gradually lowered basally (Figs 60, 65); body and hind leg brownish yellow; length of ovipositor sheath 0.6 times fore wing and 0.7 times body. Similar to M. leptopterus (Cameron, 1903) because of dark scapus and medium-sized stigmal spot. The new species differs by the longer ovipositor sheath (0.7 times versus 0.4 times in M. leptopterus according to the original description), the sculpture of the second metasomal tergite (absent versus crenulate or striate near smooth antero-lateral areas), colour of the setae of the face (yellow versus fuscous), the size of the stigmal spot (up to anterior third of first discal cell (versus up to middle of cell) and the colour of the pterostigma (anteriorly dark brown versus yellow except dark brown apex).
Head. Antenna incomplete, left antenna with 83 segments remaining, right antenna with 67 segments remaining; scapus rather stout, 1.5 times longer than wide and distinctly emarginate apically, longer ventrally than dorsally in lateral view, with a narrow apical ledge at inner side and gradually narrowed basally (Fig. 66); third and fourth segments 1.7 and 1.1 times their maximum width, respectively; length of maxillary palp as long as height of head; inner side of eye not emarginated but slightly sinuate (Fig. 63); face moderately convex but flattened medially and medio-dorsally with weak median crest, coarsely and densely punctate, and with long erect setae; clypeus flat, rugose, dorsally with coarse curved carina and ventral margin thin and lamelliform, with few long setae ventrally; hypoclypeal depression 0.3 times as wide as minimum width of face (Fig. 62); frons shallowly concave behind antennal sockets, rugose, with a rather shallow median groove (Fig. 62); vertex smooth, with few long setae and shiny; stemmaticum distinctly protruding; OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus:POL = 25:10:8; in dorsal view length of eye 2.3 times temple; temples directly narrowed behind eyes, with some long setae, punctate dorsally and sparsely punctate ventrally (Fig. 63, 64); malar suture shallow, curved; length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible; mandible twisted, both teeth robust and subequal.
Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 1.8 times its height (Fig. 58); side of pronotum shiny and smooth; propleuron with spaced punctures; pronotum vertical anteriorly, with a shallow pronope and groove and narrow antescutal depression; mesopleuron smooth and glabrous, except for an oblique band with punctures and short setae; mesosternal sulcus smooth and narrow; metapleuron smooth and with long setae, convex; mesoscutum glabrous except some setae near notaulic courses, shiny and smooth; notauli smooth, only distinct anteriorly and medially shallowly impressed; scutellar sulcus present and with distinct fine crenulae; scutellum distinctly convex and smooth except for some very sparse punctulation; side of scutellum smooth; metanotum medio-anteriorly with short carina, posteriorly evenly convex and smooth; propodeum distinctly remotely punctate, with long setae, evenly convex but medio-posteriorly with protuberance consisting of small medium-sized round tubercles anteriorly followed by two short transverse crests (Fig. 59), ribbed in lateral view (Fig. 65).
Legs. Tarsal claws simple and with long bristly setae ventrally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.2, 12.5 and 7.9 times their maximum width, respectively; hind tibia with dense and rather appressed setae; hind tibial spurs 0.3 and 0.4 times as long as hind basitarsus; inner side of hind tibia and tarsus densely bristly setose (Fig. 61).
Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.3 times its apical width, dorso-lateral carinae strongly developed, medial area smooth except for high median carina and medial area steep anteriorly (Fig. 60, 65); second tergite smooth (including deep oblique anterior grooves) except strong median carina connected to minute triangular medio-basal area, antero-lateral triangular areas large (Fig. 60); second metasomal suture strongly crenulated, laterally narrowed and weakly up curved; medially second tergite 1.5 times longer than third tergite; maximum width of third tergite 2.7 times its medial length; third and fourth tergites with rather weakly median carina; third-fifth tergites smooth and without transverse subposterior groove and with long antero-lateral grooves; ovipositor sheath 0.63 times as long as fore wing and 0.65 times body; hypopygium ending just anterior of apex of metasoma (Fig. 55).
Colour. Yellowish brown; antenna (included scapus) and mandible apically dark brown; ovipositor sheath blackish with yellow setae; stigmal spot rather small, up to 0.4 anterior of first discal cell (Fig. 56); apical 0.2 of pterostigma dark brown and remainder yellow; veins yellow except dark brown basal half of 1-SR+M and most of 1-SR; wing membrane yellow, except for stigmal spot and slightly infuscate apical area of fore wing medium-sized, but remaining far from vein 1r-m (Figs 56, 57).
Distribution. *China (Yunnan). Etymology. Named in honour of Prof. Dr Jun-hua He (Hangzhou) for his significant contribution to our knowledge of the Chinese Hymenoptera. Diagnosis. Scapus mainly yellowish brown, except for dark brown stripe on outer side, rather slender and less protruding ventrally (Fig. 74); head roundly narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 76); propodeum medio-posteriorly with smooth protuberance in lateral view (Fig. 78); medial area of first tergite low anteriorly (Fig. 78); wing membrane yellow with slightly infuscate apical area of fore wing wide and rather close to vein 1r-m; stigmal spot of fore wing up to anterior half of first discal cell, enclosing 0.6 of vein 1-SR+M (Figs 68, 69); pterostigma entirely yellow (Fig. 68); medio-basal area of second tergite nearly rhombic (Fig. 72); vein 1-SR+M of fore wing yellow; body and hind leg brownish yellow; length of ovipositor sheath 0.8 times fore wing and 0.8 times body. Similar to M. laertius (Cameron, 1903) because of the yellowish scapus in dorsal view, medium-sized stigmal sport of the fore wing, anteriorly low medial area of the first tergite and the wide apical infuscate area of the fore wing. The new species differs by having the apex of the pterostigma yellow (versus dark brown in M. laertius), ovipositor sheath 0.8 times fore wing (versus about 0.4 times), stigmal spot nearly square (versus obliquely narrowed) and head gradually roundly narrowed posteriorly in dorsal view (versus obliquely narrowed).
Head. Antenna incomplete, left antenna with 75 segments remaining; scapus rather stout, 1.5 times longer than wide and distinctly emarginated apically, slightly longer ventrally than dorsally in lateral view, with a narrow apical ledge at inner side and gradually narrowed basally (Fig. 74); third and fourth segments 1.4 and 1.0 times their maximum width, respectively; length of maxillary palp as long as the height of head; inner side of eye not emarginated but slightly sinuate (Fig. 75); face moderately convex but flattened medially and medio-dorsally with weak median crest, densely punctate, and with long erect setae; clypeus flat, punctate, dorsally with coarse curved carina and ventral margin thin and lamelliform, with few long setae ventrally; hypoclypeal depression 0.4 times as wide as minimum width of face (Fig. 75); frons shallowly concave behind antennal sockets, smooth, except for a rather shallow median groove (Fig. 75); vertex smooth, with few long setae and shiny; stemmaticum distinctly protruding; OOL:diameter of posterior ocellus:POL = 24:9:8; in dorsal view length of eye 1.9 times temple; temples gradually roundly narrowed behind eyes, with some long setae, almost smooth dorsally and sparsely punctate ventrally (Figs 76, 77); malar suture shallow, curved; length of malar space 0.8 times basal width of mandible; mandible twisted, both teeth robust and subequal. Mesosoma. Length of mesosoma 2.1 times its height (Fig. 70); side of pronotum shiny and smooth; propleuron with spaced punctures; pronotum vertical anteriorly, with a shallow pronope and groove and narrow antescutal depression; mesopleuron smooth and glabrous, except for an oblique band with punctures and short setae; mesosternal sulcus smooth and narrow; metapleuron smooth and with long setae, convex; mesoscutum glabrous except some setae near notaulic courses, shiny and smooth; notauli smooth, only distinct anteriorly and medially shallowly impressed; scutellar sulcus present and with distinct fine crenulae; scutellum distinctly convex and smooth except for some punctures; side of scutellum smooth; metanotum medioanteriorly with short carina, posteriorly evenly convex and smooth; propodeum distinctly remotely punctate, with long setae, evenly convex but medio-posteriorly with one smooth protuberance (Fig. 71), ribbed in lateral view (Fig. 78).
Legs. Tarsal claws simple and with long bristly setae ventrally; length of femur, tibia and basitarsus of hind leg 5.3, 10.0 and 7.9 times their maximum width, respectively; hind tibia with dense and rather appressed setae; one hind tibial spur 0.2 times as long as hind basitarsus, the other is broken; inner side of hind tibia and tarsus densely bristly setose (Fig. 73).
Metasoma. Length of first tergite 1.5 times its apical width, dorso-lateral carinae strongly developed, medial area smooth except for high median carina and medial area steep anteriorly (Figs 72,78); second tergite smooth (including deep oblique anterior grooves) except strong median carina connected to minute nearly rhombic medio-basal area, antero-lateral triangular areas large (Fig. 72); second metasomal suture strongly crenulate, laterally narrowed and weakly up curved; medially second tergite 1.4 times longer than third tergite; maximum width of third tergite 2.7 times its medial length; third-fifth tergites smooth and without transverse subposterior groove and with long antero-lateral grooves; ovipositor sheath 0.78 times as long as fore wing and 0.76 times body; hypopygium ending just anterior of apex of metasoma (Fig. 67).
Colour. Brownish yellow; antenna (scapus mainly yellowish brown, except for dark brown stripe on outer side) and mandible apically dark brown; ovipositor sheath blackish with yellow setae; stigmal spot medium-sized, up to anterior half of first discal cell, enclosing 0.6 of vein 1-SR+M (Fig. 68); veins yellow (included 1-SR+M) except dark brown basal half of 1-SR; pterostigma entirely yellow (Fig. 68); wing membrane yellow, with slightly infuscate apical area of fore wing wide and rather close to vein 1r-m (Figs 68, 69).